五种不同组织结构特点昆虫的总RNA提取效率比较

【目的】比较RNAeasy抽提试剂盒法和Trizol提取法对不同种昆虫总RNA提取的效率,为不同种昆虫总RNA提取方法选择提供参考。【方法】采用RNAeasy抽提试剂盒法和Trizol提取法分别对九香虫Aspongopus chinensis Dallas、白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera Horváth、中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana、黄蜻Pantala flavescens和蒿金叶甲Chrysolina aurichalcea进行总RNA提取,通过紫外分光光度计测定总RNA吸光度(OD)值,利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测等方式对RNA质量进行评估。【结果】2种提取方法提取不同昆虫总RNA中,Trizol法提取白背飞虱(同翅目)、蒿金叶甲(鞘翅目)和九香虫(半翅目)的总RNA浓度较高,但纯度较低。电泳结果显示总RNA有降解,完整性较差,RNAeasy抽提试剂盒法提取黄蜻(蜻蜓目)和中华蜜蜂(膜翅目)的浓度较低,纯度较高,电泳结果显示完整性较好。【结论】Trizol法更适合提取小型或几丁质含量高的昆虫,RNA抽提试剂盒法更适合几丁质含量较少、腹软且有大量体液的昆虫总RNA提取。     

从棉铃虫体中提取总RNA的一种有效方法

昆虫组织细胞中含有大量的RNA酶 ,在提取其RNA时 ,防止RNA酶的降解 ,是保证所得RNA片段完整的关键。目前提取动物组织细胞总RNA的方法主要采用“异硫氰酸胍 酚 氯仿抽提”一步法操作 ,但从昆虫组织细胞中提取RNA尚无明确的方法。本实验根据昆虫组织细胞中RNA的分子结合其它蛋白等次生物质的特性不同 ,适当的调整该方法 ,从棉铃虫中提取到了完整、无降解、纯度高的RNA ,适用于Northern杂交和cDNA合成等分子生物学操作     

一种适用范围广的总RNA提取方法

介绍一种RNA提取方法,该方法以SDS、氯仿和Tris苯酚为主要提取试剂,以LiCl和乙醇为RNA沉淀试剂。分别以柽柳(木本植物)、星星草(草本植物)、天牛（昆虫）、酿酒酵母和白腐菌（真菌）为RNA提取材料,用该方法成功地提取出了它们的总RNA。获得的RNA条带清晰,A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ 在1.8以上。通过对LiCl和乙醇沉淀RNA的效果分析表明,该方法可在10 min内完全沉淀RNA,同时也可以同时获得纯度较高的DNA。提取的RNA质量可满足cDNA文库构建,基因芯片探针标定和RT-PCR等对RNA质量要求较高的分子生物学操作,说明这是一种应用范围广的RNA提取方法。     

航天诱变凤仙花总RNA的提取及RT-PCR初探

目的：为研究凤仙花的突变性状,克隆相关突变基因,探讨了凤仙花总RNA的提取方法,并利用RT—PCR克隆花色调控基因。方法：对加拿大BBI和日本TaKaRa公司提供的RNA提取试剂盒进行实验比较并适当改良,提取高质量的凤仙花总RNA。结果：提取到较高质量的凤仙花总RNA,克隆了其花色调控基因。结论：用改进的方法提取的总RNA质量较好,能用于基因克隆等相关实验。     

从茶树种胚中提取总RNA方法的研究

茶树种胚中富含多糖和多酚类化合物,这增加了总RNA的提取难度.试验以茶树种胚为研究对象,通过对几种提取总RNA方法的比较与分析,认为用改进的CTAB-LjCl法提取茶树种胚总RNA的产率较高,质量好,可直接用于cDNA的合成、cDNA-AFLP分析等分子生物学实验操作.     

荒漠甲虫总RNA提取方法的比较与分析

目的:昆虫总RNA由于其自身结构特点,存在与动物植物完全不同的电泳条带,本文通过对比探索光滑鳖甲总RNA提取的最优方案。方法:实验采用5龄光滑鳖甲幼虫,利用TRIzol、CTAB、热酚法、及BioTeKe Kit、TianGen Kit试剂盒提取方法提取光滑鳖甲总RNA。结果:(1)所采用的实验方法提取的光滑鳖甲总RNA均呈现出与植物、哺乳动物血细胞、哺乳动物组织样总RNA不同的条带,28S弱于18S条带亮度;(2)TRIzol法、CTAB法、改进热酚法所得光滑鳖甲总RNA条带清晰、完整,D260/D280值为1.89～1.98,D260/D230值为1.94～2.09,纯度较好;(3)TRIzol法RNA提取得率为304.3～365.4μg/g,BioTeKe Kit RNA提取得率为73.38～128.22μg/g。结论:综合所有参数,所选取的方法中,TRIzol法可获得高质量、高产量的光滑鳖甲总RNA,可用于RT-PCR、文库构建等高要求RNA的提取。     

一种高效经济的高质量植物RNA提取方法

建立了一种高效经济的植物RNA提取方法.在提取缓冲液中加入蔗糖、氯化钾和镁离子以提供对RNA分子的保护.破碎后的细胞于提取缓冲液中裂解后,用酚/氯仿变性并去除内源RNA酶和其他蛋白质,而后用pH 5.6 的NaAc沉淀RNA.用该方法提取RNA的得率较高,经电泳检测,RNA的完整性很好.RNA印迹分析和RT-PCR也都得到很好的结果.该方法还使实验成本大大降低.     

甜叶菊RNA分离方法研究

甜叶菊组织中酚类、萜类和多糖等代谢产物含量较高,RNA难分离,易降解,使用现有的方法提取甜叶菊组织RNA产率低、质量差,无法应用于实验操作.本文针对甜叶菊组织次生代谢物多的特点,以传统的CTAB法(cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide)为基础,分别采用不同的方法进行RNA抽提和纯化.结果发现采用CTAB-LiCl法提取的RNA完整性好,且纯度高;传统的CTAB法提取的RNA完整性好,但有DNA和其它杂质的污染;高盐溶液法提取的RNA降解比较严重,同时还有杂质污染.结论说明CTAB-LiCl法适用于多糖类植物RNA的分离.     

SDS-苯酚法提取高质量的棉铃虫DNA

不同生物的基因组 DNA的提取方法不同 ,但主要有 3个步骤 :破膜释放 DNA,抑制核酸酶和除去蛋白质与其它大分子。通常是在有EDTA和 SDS存在下用蛋白酶 K消化细胞 ,然后用苯酚抽提实现的。DNA的质量没有绝对的标准 ,这取决于实验目的 ,但基本要求是不含RNA,蛋白质和多糖等大分子 ,同时长度符合要求。从昆虫等动物组织提取 DNA较为困难 [1]。本文改进的 SDS-苯酚法能相对快速、廉价地提取高质量的棉铃虫等昆虫的基因组DNA。1　材料与方法1 .1　供试昆虫中国农业科学院植物保护研究所棉虫组以人工饲养室内饲养品系 ,饲养温度 2 5～ …     

草坪草总RNA几种提取方法的比较

分别采用DEPC水法、TRIzol法、CTAB-LiCl沉淀法、SDS-酚法、SDS提取液抽提法以及异硫氰酸胍法等6种方法提取草坪草总RNA,通过检测对各种方法的提取效果进行比较分析。结果表明,DEPC水法是最经济、操作最简单的一种方法,并且提取的RNA质量较好、可靠性高、易于大量制备,是提取草坪草RNA比较理想的方法之一,建议使用该方法。利用TRIzol法提取到的28S rRNA亮度约为18S rRNA的两倍,效果较好,操作简单,符合分子生物学实验要求。CTAB-LiCl沉淀法、SDS-酚法、SDS提取液抽提法也获得较高质量的RNA,但存在不同程度的DNA污染。异硫氰酸胍法提取RNA有明显的蛋白质污染,且RNA部分降解,此种方法不予采用。     

一种提取麦红吸浆虫基因组DNA的方法

介绍一种可从单头麦红吸浆虫Sitodiplosis mosellana(Gehin)成虫、幼虫和蛹成功地提取基因组DNA的方法。经检测提取DNA样品浓度为100～200ng/μL,纯度在1.4～1.6范围之间,以此为模板,可顺利地进行RAPD引物扩增。该提取方法简单、安全、经济,可为小型昆虫基因组DNA的提取提供参考。     

Sequence-independent characterization of viruses based on the pattern of viral small RNAs produced by the host

Virus surveillance in vector insects is potentially of great benefit to public health. Large-scale sequencing of small and long RNAs has previously been used to detect viruses, but without any formal comparison of different strategies. Furthermore, the identification of viral sequences largely depends on similarity searches against reference databases. Here, we developed a sequence-independent strategy based on virus-derived small RNAs produced by the host response, such as the RNA interference pathway. In insects, we compared sequences of small and long RNAs, demonstrating that viral sequences are enriched in the small RNA fraction. We also noted that the small RNA size profile is a unique signature for each virus and can be used to identify novel viral sequences without known relatives in reference databases. Using this strategy, we characterized six novel viruses in the viromes of laboratory fruit flies and wild populations of two insect vectors: mosquitoes and sandflies. We also show that the small RNA profile could be used to infer viral tropism for ovaries among other aspects of virus biology. Additionally, our results suggest that virus detection utilizing small RNAs can also be applied to vertebrates, although not as efficiently as to plants and insects.     

Extraction and PCR of DNA From Parasitoid Wasps That Have Been Chemically Dried

Two species of parasitic wasp, Venturia canescens and Leptomastix dactylopii , were dried from alcohol using a range of methods proposed as chemical alternatives to critical point drying, i.e. hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), amyl acetate, xylene, methyl cellusolve and acetone vapour. Also, fresh specimens of V. canescens were dried using acetone vapour, first as a fixative and then as a drying agent. Total genomic DNA was subsequently extracted and a 524 bp fragment of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplified by PCR. This indicated that all of these drying techniques yielded high-quality DNA which was amenable to PCR. the success of chemicals like HMDS as alternate rapid drying methods for wasps and other insects means that they are likely to replace critical point drying (CPD) of museum specimens in the near future. Importantly, the results from this study show that specimens, dried from alcohol using chemical techniques, are a good potential source of DNA for molecular systematics projects.     

The specificity of Helicoverpa armigera stunt virus infectivity.

Helicoverpa armigera stunt virus (HaSV) is a member of the Tetraviridae family of RNA viruses whose replication and expression strategies are not well understood due to the absence of an in vitro cell culture system. We set out to find such a system for HaSV by screening an array of 13 insect and 1 mammalian cell culture lines with both virus particle infection and genomic RNA transfection. No cell line was found to be permissive for replication, although entry of genomic RNA was verified. The apparent specificity of this virus for its in vivo midgut target site was strongly corroborated by studies involving Northern blots of RNA extracted from infected insects. Only larval midgut RNA showed the presence of virus after hosts were infected per os or by injection which exposed other host cell types to the virus. The absence of replication in cell culture was due to a lack, or presence, of host factors important to replicase activity and also the likely absence of virus particle binding and entry. We thus provide both in vitro- and in vivo-based evidence demonstrating that this virus is extremely specific in the type of cells in which it will initiate an infection.     

Quantitative isolation of radiolabeled metabolites without chromatography: measurements of the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and urea in isolated hepatocytes

Poly(U) Sepharose column chromatography was used to characterize the poly(A) RNA in RNA fractions differentially extracted from mammalian cells and subcellular components.. RNA fraction A was phenol extracted at pH 5.2 and 4°C and fraction B was phenol extracted from the residual material by elevating the extraction temperature and pH. With labeled RNA from HeLa cells, six peaks were isolated using a decreasing discontinuous KCl gradient (peaks I through IV), 1% sodium dodecylsulfate (peak V), and 90% formamide (peak VI). Peaks I through IV in fraction A were 0.8 to 2.3% polyadenylic acid; peak V was 2.9%; and peak VI, 16.7%. In fraction B RNA, peaks I through IV were 6 to 7.6% polyadenylic acid; peak V, 7.7%; and peak VI, 19.5%. After 24 h labeling of human myeloma cells to achieve a steady state, and subsequent subcellular fractionation, peak III was localized in RNA fraction B from the chromatin; this peak was not found in the polysomes. These and other observations suggest that poly(U) Sepharose chromatography combined with a discontinuous elution scheme is a very sensitive procedure for monitoring metabolic changes in poly(A) RNA subpopulations with time, subcellular location, and RNA extraction procedure.     

Chitosan nanoparticles help double-stranded RNA escape from endosomes and improve RNA interference in the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda

RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising technology for the development of next-generation insect pest control products. Though RNAi is efficient and systemic in coleopteran insects, it is inefficient and variable in lepidopteron insects. In this study, we explored the possibility of improving RNAi in the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda by conjugating double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) with biodegradable chitosan (Chi). dsRNA conjugated with chitosan was protected from degradation by endonucleases present in Sf9 cell-conditioned medium, hemolymph, and midgut lumen contents collected from the FAW larvae. Chi–dsRNA complexes showed reduced accumulation in the endosomes of Sf9 cells and FAW tissues. Exposing chitosan formulated dsRNA in Sf9 cells and the tissues induced a significant knockdown of endogenous genes. Chi–dsIAP fed to FAW larvae induced knockdown of iap gene, growth retardation, and mortality. Processing of dsRNA into small interfering RNA was detected with chitosan-conjugated ³²P-UTP-labeled ds green fluorescent protein in Sf9 cells and FAW larval tissues. Overall, these data suggest that dsRNA conjugated with chitosan helps dsRNA escape from the endosomes and improves RNAi efficiency in FAW cells and tissues.     

The advent of RNA interference in Entomology

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular process by which an mRNA is targeted for degradation by a small interfering RNA that contains a strand complementary to a fragment of the target mRNA, resulting in sequence specific inhibition of gene expression. The discovery of RNAi enabled the use of loss‐of‐function analyses in many non‐model insects other than Drosophila to elucidate the roles of specific genes. The RNAi approach has been widely used on insects in several fields, including embryogenesis, pattern formation, reproduction, biosynthesis and behavior. The increasing availability of insect genomes has made the RNAi technique an indispensable technique for characterizing gene functions in insects. Here we review the current status of RNAi‐based experiments in insects and the applications of RNAi for species‐specific insecticides, focusing on non‐drosophilid insects. We also identify future applications for RNAi‐based studies in Entomology.