秦岭终南山白鲜皮梣酮、黄柏酮和白鲜碱含量的测定

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)(色谱柱:Sun fire TM C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-水(60:40,52:48),流速1.0 m L/min,检测波长分别为236 nm和220 nm,室温),对秦岭终南山产中药白鲜皮中主要药用成分梣酮、黄柏酮和白鲜碱的含量进行测定,以东北鸡西产白鲜皮为对照组,依据中国药典对秦岭终南山产中药白鲜皮的质量进行初步评估。结果表明:秦岭终南山产白鲜皮中梣酮和黄柏酮的含量均符合中国药典(2015)标准,且秦岭终南山产白鲜皮中梣酮、黄柏酮和白鲜碱的含量均远高于东北主产区白鲜皮的含量。秦岭终南山产白鲜皮质量优良,具有潜在的开发利用价值。     

MTT法不适用于代谢水平改变的细胞活力检测

利用MTT法和台盼蓝拒染计数法分别检测L02肝细胞经游离脂肪酸(FFA)处理的存活率,同时测定各组细胞琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性。结果 MTT法显示0.8 mmol/L FFA组细胞存活率较正常组显著增加(p<0.01),而台盼蓝拒染计数法却显示该组细胞存活率较正常组无明显改变(p>0.05),同时0.4 mmol/L、0.8 mmol/L FFA组细胞SDH活力显著增加(p<0.01)。研究表明,MTT法不适用于检测代谢水平改变的细胞生长、存活等指标。     

天然产物梣酮对粘虫围食膜的影响

【目的】梣酮是从芸香科植物白鲜Diatamnus dasycarpus根皮中分离出的一种化合物, 对试虫表现出胃毒活性。本研究旨在检测梣酮对粘虫Mythimna separata 6龄幼虫中肠围食膜的影响, 从而进一步阐明梣酮的杀虫作用机理。【方法】经活体及离体处理, 通过生化分析和扫描电镜观察等方法, 研究了梣酮处理对粘虫幼虫中肠围食膜糖含量, 蛋白质含量和组分以及围食膜表面结构的影响。【结果】梣酮(20 mg/mL)活体处理降低了粘虫6龄幼虫围食膜的蛋白质含量, 却使糖含量升高。活体(20 mg/mL梣酮)及离体(8 mg/mL梣酮)处理条件下, 围食膜糖含量分别为对照组的1.75倍及2.17倍。SDS-PAGE结果显示, 离体及活体条件下经梣酮处理, 围食膜部分蛋白质降解。围食膜解剖扫描电镜观察表明, 梣酮处理可造成围食膜微纤丝排列紊乱。【结论】天然产物梣酮处理对粘虫中肠围食膜的糖含量及蛋白质含量和组分有影响,且改变了围食膜表面结构。本研究为深入地研究梣酮杀虫作用机理奠定了基础。     

贴壁培养细胞台盼蓝拒染试验的方法学探讨

本工作旨在探讨贴壁培养细胞台盼蓝拒染试验的方法,为其合理应用提出建议.用正常培养及NaN3作致死处理的人视网膜色素上皮细胞株-19,进行原位贴壁细胞和培养体系上悬液中细胞的台盼蓝拒染实验,并比较其原位法与计数板法所测活细胞率.与计数板法相似,随染液浓度增高或染色时间延长,原位台盼蓝拒染实验的活细胞率检测值逐渐增加.培养...     

白屈菜红碱对宫颈癌细胞的抑制作用研究

目的:研究白屈菜红碱(chelerythrine,CHE)对宫颈癌细胞(Hela)的增殖抑制作用,为CHE在预防和治疗宫颈癌方面提供实验依据.方法:不同浓度CHE作用于体外培养的Hela细胞后,采用台盼蓝拒染法和噻唑蓝(MTT)法研究白屈莱红碱时宫颈癌(Hela)细胞增殖能力的影响,流式细胞仪(FCM)检测细胞周期变化.结果:细胞接种密度越小、药物作用时间越长、药物浓度越大,CHE对Hela细胞的增殖抑制率越大,过大的细胞接种密度以及过低的药物浓度均不会引起明显的细胞死亡;CHE作用后的Hela细胞周期分布有明显变化,G1期细胞减少,S期和G2/M期细胞明显增多.结论:CHE在体外能明显抑制Hela细胞生长,其机理可能与CHE阻滞细胞周期、诱导细胞凋亡有关.     

适度紫外辐射增强对白鲜光合特性和药用活性成分的影响

次生代谢成分环境调控是药用植物优质栽培的理论和实践基础。然而,迄今为止,短期紫外光诱导对药用活性成分积累效应方面的研究仍然比较薄弱。该文以光环境敏感植物白鲜(Dictamnus dasycarpus)为研究对象,探索短期不同强度(低剂量和中剂量)紫外(UV)辐射增强对其根、茎和叶中黄柏酮、梣酮、白鲜碱和柠檬苦素4种有效成分的诱导效应。结果表明：(1)无论是低剂量还是中剂量UV-A和UV-B辐射条件下,白鲜叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)均大于0.76;PSⅡ实际光合量子产量Y(Ⅱ)、调节性能量耗散的量子产量Y(NPQ)、基于“湖泊模型”光化学淬灭系数(qL)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)与对照(未经紫外辐射处理)相比均没有显著差异;低剂量与中剂量UV-B辐射均显著增加白鲜PSⅡ的非调节性能量耗散的量子产量Y(NO)。(2)适度短期紫外辐射增强能够诱导白鲜药用活性成分快速积累,根中4种有效成分最高可提升51%,主要在白鲜根中积累。其中,中剂量UV-A辐射和低剂量UV-B辐射效果最明显,不仅根中黄柏酮、梣酮、白鲜碱和柠檬苦素4...     

原位复染鉴别细胞的凋亡与坏死

用10μg／ml去甲斑蝥素作用于人红白血病K562细胞24h,诱导其发生凋亡。采用台盼蓝染液染色,再瑞特-吉姆萨染液原位复染的方法,验证了凋亡细胞与坏死细胞质膜通透性不同的说法。利用此方法可以在普通光学显微镜下把一张涂片上的凋亡细胞、坏死细胞及活细胞区别开来。该实验也表明,常规用台盼蓝染液拒染细胞数来统计活细胞数的方法是值得商榷的。     

瓦宁木层孔菌中5个化合物的抗肿瘤活性筛选

采用MTT法对从瓦宁木层孔菌子实体中分离得到的化合物樱花亭、7-甲氧基二氢莰非素、4-（3,4-二羟苯基）-3-丁烯-2-酮、二氢莰非素、hispolon进行了体外抗肿瘤活性研究。试验结果表明：当质量浓度为100μg/mL时,化合物4-（3,4-二羟苯基）-3-丁烯-2-酮和hispolon对人肝癌细胞SMMC-772...     

猫爪草多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活力的调节作用

此次研究旨在探讨猫爪草多糖对体外培养的正常状态下的原代小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活性的调节作用,以及小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞在体外培养条件下的活力变化情况。以原代培养的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞为研究对象,设对照组(加入100μL DMEM培养基)和实验组(分别加入25μg/mL, 50μg/mL, 100μg/mL, 200μg/mL,400μg/mL的猫爪草多糖),分别采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法、CCK-8法、乳酸脱氢酶释放法和中性红吞噬实验检测不同浓度的猫爪草多糖对体外培养的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活力的调节作用;同时设置24 h、36 h、48 h、60 h和72 h的不同培养时间,观察在体外培养条件下,小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活力的变化情况。结果表明:与对照组相比,不同浓度的猫爪草多糖均能增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的活力,且猫爪草多糖浓度在100~400μg/mL的细胞活力极显著增强(p<0.01)。此外,各处理组的巨噬细胞在体外培养24~72 h不更换培养液的条件下,48 h处活性最佳。体外培养条件下,一定浓度的猫爪草多糖可以激活小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,通过猫爪草多糖激活巨噬细胞,可能是猫爪草发挥提升机体免疫力的作用机制之一。此外,体外培养的巨噬细胞虽能存活长达一个月,但仍有一个最佳活力时间。     

槲皮素下调hTERT表达对肝癌HepG2细胞生长影响研究

目的观察槲皮素对肝癌HepG2细胞生长及对hTERT基因表达的影响。方法以台盼蓝拒染法计数肝癌细胞的生长抑制率,透射电镜从形态变化上了解凋亡的发生,流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化,western-blot、RT-PCR检测hTERT基因表达改变,PCR-TRAP法检测端粒酶活性。结果台盼蓝拒染法计数显示槲皮素抑制肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的作用明显,且呈浓度和时间依赖性,槲皮素处理48h后的Ic50为25.5μm。形态学检测显示出细胞凋亡的特征变化,流式细胞仪检测表明经10～20μm/L的槲皮素处理,肝癌HepG2细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期,且HepG2细胞hTERT蛋白和mRNA表达降低,端粒酶活性受抑制。结论槲皮素能抑制肝癌细胞的生长,呈时间、剂量依赖性,能诱导HepG2细胞发生凋亡,其抑制增生与诱导凋亡的机制可能与下调hTERT基因表达,抑制端粒酶活性,破坏端粒稳定性有关。     

Highly sensitive electrochemical detection of potential cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots using neural cell chip

Cell chip was recently developed as a simple and highly sensitive tool for the toxicity assessment of various kinds of chemicals or nano-materials. Here, we report newly discovered potential cytotoxic effects of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) on intracellular redox environment of neural cancer cells at very low concentrations which can be only detected by cell chip technology. Green (2.1 nm in diameter) and red (6.3 nm in diameter) QDs capped with cysteamine (CA) or thioglycolic acid (TA) were found to be toxic at 100 μg/mL when assessed by trypan blue and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). However, in case of concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, toxic effects of TA-capped QDs on human neural cells were only measured by DPV method when conventional MTT assay did not show toxicity of TA-capped QDs at low concentrations (1-10 μg/mL). Red-TA QDs and Green-TA QDs were found to decrease electrochemical signals from cells at 10 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL, respectively, while cell viability decreased at 100 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL when assessed by MTT assay, respectively. The relative decreases of cell viability determined by MTT assay were 15% and 11.9% when cells were treated with 5-50 μg/mL of Red-TA QDs and 5-30 μg/mL of Green-TA QDs, respectively. However, DPV signals decreased 37.5% and 39.2% at the same concentration range, respectively. This means that redox environment of cells is more sensitive than other components and can be easily affected by CdSe/ZnS QDs even at low concentrations. Thus, our proposed neural cell chip can be applied to detect potential cytotoxicity of various kinds of molecular imaging agents simply and accurately.     

Cytotoxicity and binding profiles of activated Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab to three insect cell lines

While Cry1Ac has been known to bind with larval midgut proteins cadherin, APN (amino peptidase N), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and ABCC2 (adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette transporter subfamily C2), little is known about the receptors of Cry2Ab. To provide a clue to the receptors of Cry2Ab, we tested the baseline cytotoxicity of activated Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab against the midgut and fat body cell lines of Helicoverpa zea and the ovary cell line of Spodoptera frugiperda (SF9). As expected, the descending order of cytotoxicity of Cry1Ac against the three cell lines in terms of 50% lethal concetration (LC₅₀) was midgut (31.0 μg/mL) > fat body (59.0 μg/mL) and SF9 cell (99.6 μg/mL). By contrast, the fat body cell line (LC₅₀ = 7.55 μg/mL) was about twice more susceptible to Cry2Ab than the midgut cell line (16.0 μg/mL), the susceptibility of which was not significantly greater than that of SF9 cells (27.0 μg/mL). Further, ligand blot showed the binding differences between Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in the three cell lines. These results indicated that the receptors of Cry2Ab were enriched in fat body cells and thus largely different from the receptors of Cry1Ac, which were enriched in midgut cells.     

Synergistic effects of focus ultrasound with different frequency and hematoprphyrin on human tumor cells

Human hematopoietic cell K₅₆₂, human melenonla cell LiBr and human stomach cancer cells were exposed to ultrasound (US, 1.75 W/cm², 1.4, 2.16 and 2.4 MHz)in vitro in the presence or absence of hematoporphyrin (Hp, 100 μg/mL). The cell damaging effects of treatments were determined by means of the Trypan Blue dye exclusion test, MTT test and FDA test. The experimental results showed that the same cell line had different sensibilities to the US of different frequencies, and different cell line had different damage at the same acoustical radiation. The cornbined treatment with US and Hp enhanced greatly the cell damage, and no sensibility of insonation cells to US with Hp was observed. The cell damage tests showed that the results of MTT test corresponded well with that of Trypan Blue dye test.     

松子壳多糖对小鼠主要免疫细胞功能的影响

目的探讨松子壳多糖（pine nut shell polysaccharide,PSP）对小鼠主要免疫细胞的影响。方法应用MTT法测定PSP对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的毒性和对ConA或LPS诱生小鼠脾T、B淋巴细胞的转化,用中性红吞噬试验测定腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,应用乳酸脱氢酶释放法测定NK细胞的杀伤活性。结果 PSP对脾细胞毒性很低,各种浓度对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖均有较强的促进作用（P〈0.01）;PSP在浓度50～300μg/mL时,明显促进T淋巴细胞的转化（P〈0.01）,但是当浓度达到300μg/mL时表现出一定的抑制作用（P〉0.05）;PSP在25～200μg/mL时显著促进了小鼠脾B淋巴细胞的转化（P〈0.05）,但是当浓度达到300μg/mL时,抑制作用极显著（P〈0.01）;不同浓度均可以增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红的能力及其代谢功能,当浓度在100μg/mL时能显著的促进巨噬细胞吞噬中性红的能力（P〈0.01）;PSP在浓度100～300μg/mL时,能极显著的促进NK细胞对Yac-1的杀伤作用（P〈0.01）,当浓度达到400μg/mL,对NK细胞杀伤性的促进作用开始减弱。结论 PSP对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的毒性较低,能增强免疫细胞活性,有望成为新一代免疫调节剂。     

Sigma B对单核细胞增生李斯特菌耐受抗生素作用的影响

单核细胞增生李斯特菌是重要的革兰阳性食源性致病菌。近年来的报道显示出该菌耐受抗生素的能力有不断增强的趋势,为了探讨其耐药机制,对Sigma B（σB,李斯特菌中应对环境胁迫的主要调控因子）在抗生素耐受性中的作用进行了初步研究。检测和比较单核细胞增生李斯特菌标准菌株EGDe和其σB缺失突变菌株EGDeΔsigB对盘尼西林青霉素、氨苄西林青霉素、利福平、硫酸庆大霉素、四环素盐酸和红霉素6种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）;在测定的MIC的基础上,利用MTT（噻唑蓝活体染色法）法比较EGDe和EGDeΔsigB在1×MIC、2×MIC和8×MIC的氨苄西林青霉素、红霉素和利福平3种抗生素中的生长活性。EGDe对盘尼西林青霉素（0.16μg/mL）、四环素盐酸（0.25μg/mL）和硫酸庆大霉素（0.5μg/mL）的MIC高于EGDeΔsigB（分别为0.08、0.125和0.125μg/mL）;而对氨苄西林青霉素、红霉素和利福平的MIC 2种菌株没有差别,分别为0.19、0.125和0.032μg/mL;与EGDe相比,EGDeΔsigB在氨苄西林青霉素、红霉素和利福平培养基中的生长活性较差,对抗生素的抑制更为敏感,而且随着这3种抗生素浓度的增加,其抑制程度也随之增强。Sigma B在单核细胞增生李斯特菌对抗生素的耐受中起到重要调节作用。     

The determination of cellular viability of hybridoma cells in microtitre plates: A colorimetric assay based on neutral red

A colorimetric assay utilising Neutral Red (C.I. 50040), a nuclear stain, was developed to determine the cellular viability of hybridoma cells in microtitre plates. A linear correlation (r=0.99) was found to exist between the uptake of Neutral Red by viable cells and the viable cell count determined by Trypan blue exclusion test. The linearity stretched over the range of cell concentrations normal in batch cultures (2–30×10⁴/0.2 ml) with as little as ±6% intra-plate well-to-well variation and ±10.2% inter-assay variation.Microscopical examinations of viable hybridoma cells stained with Neutral Red showed that it was located in the nucleus. The possble bifunctional activity of the Neutral Red assay as a test for cellular viability and estimating the DNA content of hybridoma cells is discussed along with its application in a drug screening programme.     

牡蛎多糖体外对HepG2.2.15细胞分泌HBsAg、HBeAg的影响

目的 探讨牡蛎多糖体外抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的作用.方法 采用HepG2.2.15细胞为体外细胞模型,给予不同浓度牡蛎多糖进行混合培养,作用9d后收集上清液,用ELISA法测定上清液中HBsAg、HBeAg的水平,观察药物对HepG2.2.15细胞分泌病毒杭原的影响,同时以MTT法检测药物在体外对HepG2.2.15细胞生长的抑制作用.结果 牡蛎多糖浓度在0.1～1 000 μg/mL时,对细胞无明显的毒性作用;牡蛎多糖可明显抑制HBsAg、HBeAg的分泌,其半数有效浓度( IC50)分别为362.2、558.6 μg/mL,治疗指数(TI)为＞27.6和＞17.9.结论 牡蛎多糖体外具有一定的抗HBV作用.     

水飞蓟素抑制草鱼肝细胞脂质蓄积的作用及其机制研究

为探究水飞蓟素(Silymarin)对草鱼肝细胞脂质蓄积的作用及其机理, 体外培养草鱼肝细胞, 在用400 μmol/L油酸对其进行蓄脂诱导的同时, 采用不同质量浓度的水飞蓟素处理24h, 检测了肝细胞活力、脂质蓄积状况、抗氧化指标和脂质代谢相关基因表达状况。结果显示, 水飞蓟素质量浓度在75—125 μg/mL对草鱼肝细胞活力无影响(P>0.05); 与单独采用油酸进行蓄脂诱导的油酸组比较, 水飞蓟素和油酸共同处理的水飞蓟素组中, 随着水飞蓟素质量浓度的增加, 肝细胞内的脂质含量逐渐降低, 且水飞蓟素质量浓度在100—150 μg/mL时的肝细胞脂质蓄积水平显著降低(P<0.05); 与油酸组相比, 100 μg/mL水飞蓟素处理组的脂质含量以时间依赖性的模式显著降低(P<0.05), 还原型谷胱甘肽含量显著升高(P<0.05), 脂肪酸合成酶和硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1的mRNA表达量显著下调(P<0.05)。研究表明, 水飞蓟素能够抑制草鱼肝细胞脂质蓄积, 其作用可能与其抑制脂质合成基因的表达有关; 同时, 水飞蓟素可能通过提高肝细胞的抗氧化能力发挥保护肝细胞的作用。     

穿心莲内酯抗铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜及与阿奇霉素协同抗菌作用

目的研究穿心莲内酯抗铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜及与阿奇霉素协同抗菌作用。方法微量倍比稀释法测定穿心莲内酯对铜绿假单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,棋盘稀释法测定穿心莲内酯和阿奇霉素协同抗菌作用,MTT法测定穿心莲内酯对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的最小抑膜浓度（SMIC）,显微镜下观察药物对生物膜形态的影响。结果穿心莲内酯对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC 50μg/mL,和阿奇霉素有协同抗菌作用。穿心莲内酯对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的SMIC501天25μg/mL、3天25μg/mL、7天50μg/mL;SMIC801天50μg/mL、3天50μg/mL、7天100μg/mL,形态观察提示穿心莲内酯SMIC80浓度对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的抑制作用明显。结论穿心莲内酯具有抗铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜作用,对阿奇霉素也有协同抗菌作用。