两个改造后的肿瘤抑素抗肿瘤活性肽活性研究

为了研究改造后的肿瘤抑素2个抗肿瘤活性肽的作用机制,明确其不同的抗肿瘤活性,采用基因工程技术原理,人工合成肿瘤抑素中185～203位氨基酸所对应的19肽和T7肽(74～98位氨基酸)基础上改造的21肽碱基序列,将其与融合蛋白表达载体pTYB2重组后转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达,用几丁质亲和层析柱一步纯化,直接获得19肽和21肽,利用MTT法、细胞生长曲线、TUNEL法、流式细胞仪早期细胞凋亡检测和细胞周期检测,小鼠H22腹水型转移型肝癌实体瘤抑瘤实验并结合组织病理学切片,来研究19肽和21肽单独应用或联合应用对肿瘤细胞和内皮细胞生长和凋亡的影响以及对体内肿瘤的抑制情况.体内外实验表明:获得的19肽抗肿瘤活性以直接作用肿瘤细胞为主,也有抑制新生血管生成的作用.基因重组21肽抗肿瘤作用是通过抑制肿瘤组织新生血管生成实现的.19肽、21肽联合应用对肿瘤细胞、内皮细胞生长抑制和促凋亡作用明显增强,抗肿瘤活性大大提高.联合用药弥补了单独用药不足,产生协同抗肿瘤作用,可能会成为今后肿瘤治疗的一个主要方向.     

肿瘤抑素抗肿瘤相关肽的克隆及生物活性

为得到肿瘤抑素中具有直接抗肿瘤活性肽并检测其生物学活性,人工合成肿瘤抑素中185～2 0 3位氨基酸(19肽)所对应的核苷酸序列,将其连接到融合蛋白表达载体pTYB2中,酶切和测序鉴定后,转化到大肠杆菌BL 2 1(DE3)中诱导表达.表达的融合蛋白经几丁质亲和层析、二硫苏糖醇(DTT)的柱内还原,直接获得可溶性19肽.利用MTT法,细胞生长曲线,小鼠H2 2腹水型转移型肝癌实体瘤模型抑瘤实验并结合组织病理学切片,研究19肽的生物学活性.获得的19肽对B16小鼠黑色素瘤细胞、人SMMC 772 1肝癌细胞、人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长均具有抑制作用.小鼠H2 2腹水型肝癌抑瘤率达4 8 4 6 % .病理学切片显示,19肽可促使小鼠肿瘤组织坏死,血管数量减少.19肽具有较强的直接抗肿瘤活性,有可能成为肿瘤治疗的一种新的有前景的药物.     

肿瘤细胞混合肽诱导特异性抗肿瘤免疫应答

采用细胞冻融、加热沉淀及酸处理等基本生化技术, 从肿瘤细胞中获取混合 肽; 将热休克蛋白70与肽体外结合, 观察热休克蛋白70-肽复合物对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的激活增殖作用以及增殖的淋巴细胞对瘤细胞的特异性杀伤作用, 并运用流式细胞仪分析增殖的淋巴细胞类型; 分别通过对腹腔和腿部肌肉接种了H22肝癌细胞的BALB/c小鼠进行热休克蛋白70-H22抗原肽复合物免疫注射, 观察小鼠肿瘤的抑制和荷瘤小鼠的生存期情况. 另外, 对免疫的小鼠采血进行肝、肾功能检测. 结果显示, 获取的混合肽中含有肿瘤特异的抗原肽, 其经热休克蛋白提呈后, 体外可刺激淋巴细胞活化增殖, 增殖的淋巴细胞为T淋巴细胞, 对肿瘤细胞有特异性细胞毒效应, 体内对腹水型和实体瘤型肿瘤的生长均可产生显著抑制作用, 同时延长荷瘤小鼠的生存期, 并且这种体内免疫对小鼠肝肾功能不产生影响, 不会引发自身免疫反应.     

罗仙子提取物对肝癌的体内外抑制作用研究

本文观察中药罗仙子提取物在离体细胞水平以及整体动物模型中对肝癌的治疗作用。在罗仙子提取物干预人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞24 h后,采用MTT法检测细胞活率;采用光学显微镜、荧光显微镜、透射电镜观察细胞形态学改变,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;以Heps肝癌小鼠模型观察罗仙子提取物体内对肿瘤生长的抑制作用。研究发现不同浓度罗仙子提取物可抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖同时诱导典型的细胞凋亡形态学变化,与对照组相比细胞凋亡率显著升高,且具有浓度依赖性;不同浓度罗仙子提取物可显著抑制Heps肝癌小鼠体内肿瘤生长。实验证明罗仙子提取物可显著抑制Heps肝癌小鼠体内肿瘤生长,该作用可能与罗仙子提取物抑制肝癌细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡有关。     

内皮抑素30肽基因真核表达载体的构建及实验研究

目的构建改构内皮抑素抗肿瘤相关肽（30肽）的真核表达载体pVAX1,检测该重组载体的生物学活性。方法在30肽基因的5′端加入胶原蛋白ⅩⅧ信号肽编码序列,通过PCR扩增获得目的基因30肽,并连接到质粒pVAX1中,构建表达分泌型内皮抑素的重组质粒pVAX1-30E,然后将重组质粒pVAX1-30E直接注入小鼠肿瘤组织。通过ELISA小鼠体内抑瘤实验检测目的基因的表达及其活性。结果ELISA实验表明构建的分泌型内皮抑素重组质粒pVAX1-30E能在肿瘤细胞中表达30肽,免疫组化结果表明瘤组织中表达的30肽能抑制肿瘤微血管的新生,而体内抑瘤实验表明在肿瘤部位直接注射重组质粒能抑制肿瘤生长,抑瘤率为28.19%。结论通过向瘤组织中直接注射分泌型内皮抑素重组质粒pVAX1-30E可以抑制小鼠体内肿瘤微血管新生和肿瘤生长而实现其抗肿瘤活性。     

眼镜蛇毒组分C的抗瘤活性及其对肿瘤细胞存活率的影响

目的观察眼镜蛇毒组分Ｃ对ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ型小鼠腹水型肝癌Ｈ２２的抑瘤作用及其体外对肝癌Ｈ２２细胞存活率的直接影响。方法通过半体内实验,观察眼镜蛇毒组分Ｃ对小鼠腹水型肝癌Ｈ２２的抑瘤率;通过细胞培养,以细胞存活率为指标观察中华眼镜蛇毒组分Ｃ对ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ型小鼠腹水型肝癌Ｈ２２细胞在体外的直接杀伤作用。结果眼镜蛇毒组分Ｃ能明显抑制ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ型小鼠腹水型肝癌Ｈ２２细胞的生长,其抑瘤作用随剂量增大而增强,ＩＣ５０为９５ｍｇ／Ｌ。在体外,眼镜蛇毒组分Ｃ的浓度对ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ型小鼠腹水型肝癌Ｈ２２细胞存活率的影响随其作用剂量的增大而增强,ＩＣ５０为９ｍｇ／Ｌ;同时,这种影响还随其作用时间的延长而增强。结论眼镜蛇毒组分Ｃ对ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ型小鼠腹水型肝癌Ｈ２２有显著的抑瘤作用。     

望江南总蒽醌苷抗肿瘤作用的研究

探讨望江南总蒽醌苷(CSAG)的抗肿瘤作用及其作用机制.利用MTT法检测望江南总蒽醌苷对肝癌细胞HepS、肺癌细胞(A549)、小鼠肉瘤(S180)腹水型肿瘤细胞等肿瘤细胞和人正常肝细胞L-02增殖的影响;实体瘤称重法测定CSAG对肝癌(HepS)实体瘤的抑制情况,将接种肿瘤的小鼠分成5组,每组6只小鼠,雌雄各半,给药12 d,停药后24 h处死动物,秤鼠体重,剥离出肿瘤,秤瘤重,测定生化指标.结果显示,CSAG对以上肿瘤细胞的增殖均有抑制作用,对肝癌细胞荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长具有明显的抑制作用;同时可增加胸腺指数和脾指数.因此,CSAG具有明显的抗肿瘤效果,其抗肿瘤作用可能与提高机体免疫力和诱导细胞凋亡有关.     

金雀异黄素对不同淋巴转移能力的小鼠肝癌细胞株的抑制作用

MTT法检测大豆提取物金雀异黄素（genistein,Gen）对不同淋巴转移能力的腹水型小鼠肝癌细胞株HepA-H和HepA-L的生长抑制作用。应用电镜观察细胞形态和流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。将HepA-H和HepA-L接种NIH小鼠,制备荷瘤动物模型,Gen腹腔给药后第14天取淋巴结观察,并计算转移率。TUNEL法检测淋巴结凋亡细胞,并计算凋亡指数。实验发现：（1）Gen对两株细胞均具有良好的生长抑制作用,且对HepA-H的抑制优于HepA-L;（2）Gen在体外诱导两株细胞发生凋亡,且HepA-H的凋亡率高于HepA-L,并呈量效关系;（3）Gen抑制荷瘤动物肿瘤生长和肿瘤淋巴转移,且对HepA-H的抑制强于HepA-L,实验组H的凋亡指数（3．87％）也显著高于实验组L（1．69％）。故研究认为Gen显著抑制HepA-H和HepA-L肝癌细胞淋巴转移的作用机制,可能与诱导细胞凋亡有关,对高淋巴转移细胞的抑制作用强于低淋巴转移细胞,提示Gen抗肿瘤作用具有一定的选择性。     

橘络活性成分小分子果胶治疗非小细胞肺癌作用及机制研究北大核心CSCD

本文观察橘络活性成分小分子果胶在离体细胞水平及整体动物模型中对非小细胞肺癌的治疗作用并初步探索其作用机制。小分子果胶处理人非小细胞肺癌PC-9细胞72 h后,MTS法检测细胞活率,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;以PC-9细胞裸小鼠皮下移植瘤模型观察小分子果胶体内对肿瘤生长的抑制作用,免疫组化法检测肿瘤组织Ki67表达水平,TUNEL法检测组织中肿瘤细胞凋亡程度。结果表明小分子果胶(1.5~3 mg/m L)可显著抑制PC-9细胞增殖,与对照组相比细胞凋亡率显著升高,且具有浓度依赖性;小分子果胶(56.25 mg/kg)可显著抑制非小细胞肺癌小鼠体内肿瘤生长,肿瘤组织中细胞凋亡率显著升高。研究证明小分子果胶可显著抑制非小细胞肺癌小鼠体内肿瘤生长,该作用可能与小分子果胶抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡有关。     

橘络活性成分小分子果胶治疗非小细胞肺癌作用及机制研究

本文观察橘络活性成分小分子果胶在离体细胞水平及整体动物模型中对非小细胞肺癌的治疗作用并初步探索其作用机制。小分子果胶处理人非小细胞肺癌PC-9细胞72 h后,MTS法检测细胞活率,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;以PC-9细胞裸小鼠皮下移植瘤模型观察小分子果胶体内对肿瘤生长的抑制作用,免疫组化法检测肿瘤组织Ki67表达水平,TUNEL法检测组织中肿瘤细胞凋亡程度。结果表明小分子果胶(1.5~3 mg/m L)可显著抑制PC-9细胞增殖,与对照组相比细胞凋亡率显著升高,且具有浓度依赖性;小分子果胶(56.25 mg/kg)可显著抑制非小细胞肺癌小鼠体内肿瘤生长,肿瘤组织中细胞凋亡率显著升高。研究证明小分子果胶可显著抑制非小细胞肺癌小鼠体内肿瘤生长,该作用可能与小分子果胶抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡有关。     

中华蜜蜂工蜂视叶胚后发育过程中的细胞凋亡

本研究通过形态解剖和原位末端标记法(TUNEL),对中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana视叶胚后发育过程中的细胞凋亡进行了研究,结果表明:视叶内的细胞程序性死亡开始出现在1龄幼虫末期,随后凋亡细胞数量逐渐增加;在视叶的胚后发育过程中,细胞凋亡经历了3个高峰期,即2龄幼虫、5龄幼虫和蛹发育的第2天;在视叶3个部分的发育中,视髓层中细胞凋亡的数量远远多于视小叶和视神经节层,而视神经节层最少,说明了细胞凋亡的数量和位置与各部分结构发育的时间以及神经投射有关。广泛的细胞凋亡是蜜蜂视叶发育过程中的一个显著特征。     

Cloning and biological activity of an anti-tumor peptide of Tumstatin

To obtain an anti-tumor peptide of Tumstatin and detect its biological activity,the nucleotide sequence encoding 185-203 amino acids (19peptide) of Tumstatin was synthesized and inserted into the fusion protein vector pTYB2.After identification by sequencing and restriction endonucleases,the recombined vector was transformed into BL-21 (DE3) E.coli competent cells.Transformed E.coli BL-21 (DE3) were induced by isopropyl-β-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG),and then expressed.By 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT)reduction,the soluble 19peptide was obtained from a chitin affinity chromatograph.The biological activity of 19peptide was determined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1]-2,5-diphenytetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay,cell growth curve,the effect of the ascitic fluid transfevent H22 hepatoma on mice and via histopathological slices.The purified 19peptide directly inhibited proliferation and migration of murine B16 melanoma cells,SMMC-7721hepatoma carcinoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).The tumor inhibition rate of mice ascitic fluid transfevent H22 hepatoma was 48.46%.Histopathological slices showed that it could promote tumor tissue necrosis and decrease the density of blood vessels.With higher anti-tumor activity,19peptide has the potential to become a novel,potent anti-tumor agent.     

DNA damage in the early primordial anther is closely correlated with stamen arrest in the female flower of cucumber (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumis sativus</Emphasis> L.)

To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of sex expression in cucumber, morphological observations and biochemical analyses were carried out on inappropriate stamen development of female flowers of cucumber. It was found that developmental arrest of the inappropriate stamen mainly occurs at the anther primordium. This arrest is closely correlated with DNA damage, as detected by TUNEL assay, and might result from anther-specific DNase activation. It was also found that the DNA damage does not lead to cell degeneration, although chromatin condensation is observed in the anther primordia.Abbreviations DAPI 4,6-diamidine-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride - MTT 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide - PCD programmed cell death - TUNEL TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling     

Cd2+胁迫下浮萍叶细胞核超微结构、nDNA损伤及抗氧化酶系的变化

以不同浓度Cd2+处理6d的浮萍为材料,从细胞核超微结构损伤、nDNA一级结构变化及抗氧化酶系活性改变等方面分析重金属的植物毒理学效应。透射电镜观察发现,5～7mg/L Cd2+处理的细胞核膜完整,染色质凝聚并趋边化;10mg/L Cd2+处理后则核仁解体,且DNA原位末端标记(TUNEL)检测发现DNA的3′-OH断端可被特异标记,表现出典型的凋亡细胞特征。而20mg/L Cd2+已导致细胞坏死。同时,较低浓度的Cd2+胁迫可刺激抗氧化酶(SOD,POD,CAT)活性升高,以清除体内活性氧,而随金属浓度的进一步增高,三种抗氧化酶活性都急速下降。研究发现,活性氧和抗氧化酶系密切参与了重金属Cd2+诱导的浮萍体细胞凋亡过程。     

Apoptosis during chick inner ear development: some observations by TEM and TUNEL techniques

In order to clarify the occurrence, distribution and possible role of apoptosis during inner ear development, the ultrastructural aspects (by TEM) (at 9-19 incubation day and 1 day after hatching) and the distribution of the apoptotic phenomenon (by the TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling technique), were studied in the crista ampullaris of chick embryo at 5-19 days of incubation to hatching and of postnatal 1-day old chick. We found, in the sensorial epithelium, dark supporting cells in chick embryos and mainly dark hair cells in postnatal chicks, both with ultrastructural features consistent with those of apoptosis. The presence of apoptotic phenomena was confirmed by the TUNEL technique. According to our findings, it is hypothesized that apoptosis in the inner ear may be involved: 1) at first, in macroscopic remodelling of the membranous labyrinth in early developmental stages, 2) later, in the correct differentiation of the hair and of the supporting cells, leading to characteristic cellular pattern formation and 3) finally, in physiological cell turnover of the postnatal chicken sensorial epithelium of the crista.     

On the use of an appropriate TdT-mediated dUTP–biotin nick end labeling assay to identify apoptotic cells

Apoptosis is an essential cellular mechanism involved in many processes such as embryogenesis, metamorphosis, and tissue homeostasis. DNA fragmentation is one of the key markers of this form of cell death. DNA fragmentation is executed by endogenous endonucleases such as caspase-activated DNase (CAD) in caspase-dependent apoptosis. The TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP–biotin nick end labeling) technique is the most widely used method to identify apoptotic cells in a tissue or culture and to assess drug toxicity. It is based on the detection of 3′-OH termini that are labeled with dUTP by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Although the test is very reliable and sensitive in caspase-dependent apoptosis, it is completely useless when cell death is mediated by pathways involving DNA degradation that generates 3′-P ends as in the LEI/L-DNase II pathway. Here, we propose a modification in the TUNEL protocol consisting of a dephosphorylation step prior to the TUNEL labeling. This allows the detection of both types of DNA breaks induced during apoptosis caspase-dependent and independent pathways, avoiding underestimating the cell death induced by the treatment of interest.     

Neurotoxic,cytotoxic, apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of some marine algae extracts on the NA2B cell line

Oxidative stress contributes to cancer pathologies and to apoptosis. Marine algae exhibit cytotoxic, antiproliferative and apoptotic effects; their metabolites have been used to treat many types of cancer. We investigated in culture extracts of Petalonia fascia, Jania longifurca and Halimeda tuna to determine their effects on mouse neuroblastoma cell line, NA2B. NA2B cells were treated with algae extracts, and the survival and proliferation of NA2B cells were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The effects of algae extracts on oxidative stress in NA2B cells also were investigated using nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunocytochemistry and apoptosis was assessed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. We observed significant neurite inhibition with moderate damage by the neurotoxicity-screening test (NST) at IC₅₀ dilutions of the extracts. MTT demonstrated that J. longifurca extracts were more toxic than P. fascia and H. tuna extracts. We found an increase of endothelial and inducible NOS immunostaining for oxidative stress and TUNEL analysis revealed increased apoptosis after application of extract. Our findings suggest that the algae we tested may have potential use for treatment of cancer.     

ZnPcS2P2-based photodynamic therapy induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in K562 cells

Mitochondria play a key role in the regulation of apoptosis induced by numerous antitumor chemotherapeutic and other toxic agents. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exerts significant cellular killing efficacy through either an apoptotic or necrotic cell death pathway. This study investigated the mechanism underlying the killing effects of a novel amphipathic photosensitizer [di-sulfonated di-phthalimidomethy lphthalocyanine zinc (ZnPcS2P2)]-mediated photodynamic therapy (ZnPcS2P2-PDT) on K562 cells. Apoptosis was evident in the post-PDT cells through the TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and DNA fragmentation assay. After ZnPcS2P2-PDT, K562 cells underwent mitochondria-dependent apoptosis as evidenced by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol, accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential (A~m) reduction, indicating the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP). The activities of protease from the caspase family and caspase-3 were also significantly elevated. Furthermore, ZnPcS2P2-PDT down-regulated the expression of chimaeric Bcr-Abl oncoprotein, which is the molecular hallmark of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).