共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 86 毫秒
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多年的研究证明,提高光合效率是提高大豆产量的重要途径.在高产条件下,高光效大豆(Glycine max L. Merr.)品种与一般品种相比可提高产量30%~40%,表明高光效育种有着广阔的发展前景.高光效育种虽然未能缩短育种时间,但为达到预定的高光效目标提供了"实时"监测,可免除目标的偏离,从而达到高光效与高产的同步提高.大豆叶片与豆荚均存在着高活性的有限的C4途径循环,因此,通过常规育种或基因工程技术提高C4途径酶的表达能力,可能是提高C3植物光合效率的新突破点. 相似文献
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植物高光效基因工程育种 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
C4植物所具有的C4光合途径赋予其较高的光合作用效率,而一些主要的农作物如水稻、小麦、大豆等均为C3作物,光合效率低下。随着生物技术的发展,通过基因工程手段利用C4光合特性来改善C3植物的光合效率进而提高其生物产量逐渐成为植物高光效育种的一个研究热点。综述了目前这一领域的研究进展及存在问题,预测了这一领域的发展前景。 相似文献
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水稻高光效育种的再探索图版Ⅰ 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
群体叶片截获光能能力的叶面积指数(LAI)的发展和单个叶片光能转化效率的最大光合速率(Pm ax),是提高水稻光能利用效率的两大关键性的指标.利用适应低光强生态型的、LAI发展快的广东优良品种“七桂早”,与适应高光强生态型的、Pm ax 高的美国优良品种“Lem ont”为亲本,利用化学杂交剂组配成化杀杂种稻Le/七,较好地解决了LAI与Pmax的矛盾.Le/七既保持了父本“七桂早”早期LAI发展快的优点,又兼具有母本“Lem ont”Pmax较高、适应高光强的优点.杂种Le/七在中午强光下光合作用“午睡”现象不明显,尤其是当广东出现造成水稻光氧化伤害的气象条件时,Le/七的光氧化伤害很轻或无,比“七桂早”明显提高了对高光强的光能利用效率.对杂种Le/七在人工气候箱不同控光控温条件下进行的生长分析,及在平原、丘陵及山区的试种,均表明其光合生产力和光合适应性比亲本有明显的提高和改进.研究表明∶利用美国适高光强的优良品种,通过组配成化杀杂种稻的途径,是改良广东水稻品种对高光强的光合适应性,提高光合生产力和经济效益的一条快速而有效的育种途径. 相似文献
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高光效膜对人参生态的影响 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
1 引言 人参属五加科多年生草本药用植物,耐阴、喜生针阔混交林或杂木下,在强光照射下会发生日灼病,为避免这种伤害,长期以来,人们模拟野生参的生长环境,创造了全阴棚人参栽培法,挡住了中午强光的直射,但影响了透光量,从而影响到产量。近年来,随着人参栽培技术的进步,改全阴棚为透光棚,但并未根本解决问题。本文试图通过对人参生态的研究,进行人参栽培技术改革,从而提高了人参的产量与质量。 相似文献
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大豆叶片C4循环途径酶 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
以不同产量水平的大豆(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)品种“黑农40”和“黑农37”为实验材料,研究了苗期,开花期,初荚期和鼓粒期等不同发育时期的叶片中磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPCase),NADP-苹果酸氢酶(NADPMDH),NADP-苹果酸酶(NADP-ME),丙酮酸磷酸双激酶(PPDK)等C4途径的主要酶和1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(RuBPCase)的活性变化,结果表明两种大豆叶片均含有上述4种酶,而且从PEPCase/RuBPCase的比值看,C4酶在高产大豆“黑农40”叶片中表达较高,表明C4循环途径与大豆产量密切相关,这一结果还暗示有可能通过检测C4途径酶的表达水平及比例,筛选出具有高产潜力的大豆种质。 相似文献
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The leaf area index (LAI) development, which is related to the capacity of light interception, and the maximum leaf photosynthetic rate (Pmax), which related to the efficiency of light energy conversion, are two key photosynthetic traits to increase the utilization efficiency of solar energy. Using the Guangdong rice "Qiguizao', which belongs to low light adapt-able ecotype and characterized by quick developing LAI, and the US rice "Lemont', which belongs to high light adaptable ecotype and characterized by higher light saturation point of photosynthesis, as parents to make a hybrid (Le/Qi) by means of chemical hybridizing agent, the authors successfully solved the contradiction between LAI and Prix. The hybrid Le/Qi not only showed quick developing LAI, but also higher Pmax, less or no midday depression of photosynthesis and less or no photooxidation under high light induced conditions. The photosynthetic productivity and adaptability of Le/Qi were increased over 20 % and improved a lot according to the growth analysis under different light and temperature conditions in growth chambers and field trials in flatlands, hilly land or mountain area. This study indicated that utilization of high light adaptable US elite rice as parent to make a hybrid with Guangdong low light adaptable local elite rice by means of chemical hybridizing agent is an effective and quick breeding approach to improve the adaptability of Guangdong rice to high light and to increase the photosynthetic productivity in turn the economic income. 相似文献
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大豆C4途径与光系统Ⅱ光化学功能的相互关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
LI Wei-Hua LU Qing-Tao HAO Nai-Bin GE Qiao-Ying ZHANG Qi-De JIANG Gao-Ming DU Wei-Guang KUANG Ting-Yun 《植物学报(英文版)》2000,42(7):689-692
Four C4 pathway enzymes of “Heinong 41" leaves of soybeans (Glycine max (L) Merr.) were assayed in five developmental stages. Pn (the net photosynthetic rate) and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fo, qP, qN and ΦPSⅡ) were also measured. The results indicated that the activities of C4 enzymes, Pn, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and the ratio of PEPCase (PEP carboxylase)/RuBPCase (ribulose-1,5-biphosphate) shared the same changing trait during the whole developmental stages of “Heinong 41". Correlation analysis showed that the activities of C4 enzymes, Pn, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were positively correlated with the ratio of PEPCase/RuBPCase. All these suggested that the degree of C4 pathway expression in “Heinong 41" leaves were positively correlated with its Pn; the photochemical function of PSⅡ was adjusted to meet the specific energy requirements for the operation of C4 pathway with the improvement of C4 expression. 相似文献
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为揭示毛竹(Phyllostachysedulis)快速生长期茎秆中的光合碳同化特征及其在不同节间的变化规律,以毛竹笋竹茎秆为材料,测定不同节间光合色素含量、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)、苹果酸脱氢酶(NADP-MDH)、NADP-苹果酸酶(NADP-ME)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)以及丙酮酸磷酸双激酶(PPDK)活性。结果显示,茎秆中叶绿素a、叶绿素b以及类胡萝卜素含量随节间升高均呈下降趋势,叶绿素a/b比值呈逐渐上升趋势;随着节间的升高,茎秆中Rubisco、PEPC和PPDK活性在第1–10节间显著下降,之后酶活性降幅逐渐减缓;NADP-ME活性在第1–13节间呈显著下降趋势,之后酶活性趋于平稳;NADP-MDH活性在第1–25节间显著下降。PEPC/Rubisco活性比值随节间升高而不断增加,其范围介于18.37–65.09之间,明显大于典型C3植物中的活性比值。上述结果表明,茎秆不同节间的光合碳同化能力存在明显差异,中、下部节间生长相对较快;茎秆中存在多种C4酶且活性较高,这为此时期茎秆中存在C4光合途径提供了有力证据。 相似文献