Studies on indian laboulbeniales III. Three unrecorded dioecious genera

Three dioecious Laboulbeniomycetes are reported for the first time from India. These areAporomyces uniflagellatus on limnichid beetle,Dimeromyces anisolabis onLabiduara riparia (Dermaptera) andDioicomyces anthici on anthicid beetles.     

Studies on the nutrition of forage legumes

Summary The effects were studied of hydrogen-ion concentration, calcium and manganese supply on the yield of lucerne in both agar and water culture. One agar experiment allowed the effects of two light intensities and two temperatures, on these factors, to be investigated.The toxicity of pH 4 was found to vary, and calcium and nitrogen levels, culture method and climatic conditions were considered contributory factors. The high manganese supply was also found to vary in its toxicity, the most adverse effects being at pH 6, a low calcium supply and a high light intensity. Where the toxicity was most severe the usual orange-brown spotting symptoms were replaced by a chlorosis. Some chemical analyses of the manganese contents of the plants grown under these conditions are reported.The data given here are taken from the thesis submitted by C. D. Sutton for the degree of Ph. D. of the University of Nottingham.     

Studies on the nutrition of forage legumes

Summary A study has been made of specific effects and interactions of Ca, Cu, Mo, and P on the symbiotic system and chemical composition of subterranean clover, (Mt. Barker var.) grown in sand culture under glass on high and low nitrate supply. The levels of Ca and Cu were low while those of Mo and P were in general high or excessive.N₂-fixation appeared to be specifically inhibited by deficiencies of Ca or Cu but was only affected by Mo or P according to their effect on yield. The classic symptoms of Ca- and Cu-deficiencies were obtained on highnitrate plants, but in symbiotic plants they appeared as symptoms of Ndeficiency. This was confirmed by chemical analysis.The main yield interactions were Ca×Cu, Ca×P and Cu×P which were explained by the chemical data. Toxic effects of excess P which were observed were relieved by the increased growth rate associated with higher levels of nitrate or Ca, but were intensified by increased levels of copper. Higher levels of nutrient-P enhanced equally the Cu- and Mo-content of tops.Copper deficiency depressed the uptake of Ca into the tops.     

Studies on the nutrition of forage legumes

Summary Surface samples of six Ontario soils were selected to provide a range in pH, texture and carbonate content. Phosphorus was added to the soil samples at the rate of 200, and 2000 pounds. P₂O₅ per acre and the inorganic phosphates associated with aluminum (Al-P), iron (Fe-P) and calcium (Ca-P) were analysed 15, 30, and 335 days after treatment. Samples of the check soils were leached with the equivalent of 7 litres of soil-percolated water and then analysed for phosphate fractions. In 5 soils with added phosphorus the Al-P fraction increased at both rates of added phosphorus, Fe-P increased only at the higher rate of added phosphorus and Ca-P did not increase at either rate. In the sixth soil (69.9% CaCO₃ equivalent) Ca-P increased at both rates of added phosphorus, but proportionately less than the water-soluble phosphorus. These changes in phosphorus values existed relatively unchanged for 335 days after the addition of phosphorus. Leaching generally removed phosphorus from all phosphorus fraction. At or below pH 7.1 (soil paste) the Al-P decreased proportionately more than the Fe-P and Ca-P. Above pH 7.1 the Ca-P decreased proportionately more than the other two fractions upon leaching.Contribution from Dept. of Soil Science, O.A.C., Guelph, Canada. Part of thesis submitted by junior author to the Graduate School, University of Toronto, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the M.S.A. degree.     

Studies on the nutrition of the forage legumes

Summary Cobalt has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the growth ofT. subterraneum, whether the plants are nodulated or not, and which is largely independent of the effectiveness of the rhizobial symbiont used.With effectively nodulated plants, an increase in the supply of combined nitrogen reduced both the nodulation (in grams per gram of root) and the haem content of the nodules. Within the ranges of concentration used, cobalt had little effect in counteracting this, which is in contrast with the results previously reported for the interaction of copper and nitrate supply.Part of the data on which this paper is based are from the thesis submitted by S.B.W. for the degree of Ph.D. of the University of Nottingham.     

Studies on the nutrition of the genus pestalotiopsis

Four isolates ofPestalotiopsis, viz.P. gracilis, P. paeoniae isolates I and II, andP. royenae were isolated from the leaf spots ofAchras sapota, Anona squamosa, Syzygium cumini andCarissa congesta respectively. Studies on the nutrition of the isolates were carried out in liquid basal meduim in stationary cultures. Preliminary experiments had shown that a pH of 5.5 and a temperature of 25° C± 1° C were the most suitable for the growth of the present organisms. The growth response of the various species, as judged by their mycelial dry weight on 26 different carbon sources was studied.Among the pentoses, D-xylose supported poor growth of all the four isolates whereas L-arabinose and L-rhamnose were as good as glucose in efficiency, or occasionally better. Among the hexoses, D-fructose and D-mannose were superior to glucose (except forP. royenae). Galactose and L-sorbose were poor sources, the latter being poorest among all the carbohydrates used in this study. The disaccharides were generally superior to glucose except lactose which was poor. AlsoP. royenae had slighthly inferior growth on trehalose than on glucose. Maximum growth, among disaccharides, was attained on cellobiose. The nutritional value of trisaccharide, raffinose, was maximum for all butP. royenae which too grew better on it than on glucose. The three polysaccharides, viz. soluble starch, dextrin and inulin were much superior than glucose except forP. royenae. Generally sugar alcohols were equal to or better than glucose in efficiency. Glycerol, however, was a very poor source. The acids supported very poor growth of all the isolates.     

食用营养酵母菌种的选育

通过对面包酵母、假丝酵母、啤酒酵母和奶酒酵母等四种酵母的核黄素、自溶浸出物比率进行研究,选定了核黄素及自溶浸出物比率较高的奶酒酵母(MY-1)作为出发菌株。经连续3次EMS诱变,依次选育富含核黄素的腺嘌呤营养缺陷型菌株(Ml-3)和腺嘌呤缺陷型的回复突变株(M2-8)。对所得的菌株进一步进行抗铵突变株的选育,最终得到富含核黄素的营养酵母突变株(M3-20),其核黄素含量与出发菌株相比提高了约215％。