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1.
Genetic dissection of embryo sac fertility, pollen fertility, and their contributions to spikelet fertility of intersubspecific hybrids in rice 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Song X Qiu SQ Xu CG Li XH Zhang Q 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2005,110(2):205-211
The partial sterility of hybrids has been a major barrier for utilization of the strong heterosis expressed in hybrids between Oryza sativa ssp. indica and O. sativa ssp. japonica. Wide-compatibility varieties, comprising a special class of germplasm, are able to produce fertile hybrids when crossed to both indica and japonica varieties. However, all the work on wide compatibility and majority of studies on indica/japonica hybrid sterility reported so far were based only on spikelet fertility; thus, it is not known to what extent male and female gamete abortions influence hybrid sterility. In this study, we investigated pollen fertility, embryo sac fertility, and spikelet fertility in an F1 population of 202 true hybrid plants derived from a three-way cross (02428/Nanjing 11//Balilla). A partial regression analysis showed that the pollen and embryo sac fertility contributed almost equally to spikelet fertility. QTL analysis based on a linkage map of 191 polymorphic marker loci identified two QTLs for pollen fertility, one QTL for embryo sac fertility, and three QTLs for spikelet fertility. The S5 locus, previously identified as a locus for wide compatibility by spikelet fertility analysis, is a major locus for embryo sac fertility, and a QTL on chromosome 5 had a major effect on pollen fertility. These two loci coincided with the two major QTLs for spikelet fertility. The study also detected a QTL on chromosome 8, showing a large effect on spikelet fertility but no effect on either pollen or embryo sac fertility. Very little interaction among the QTLs was detected. The implications of the findings in rice breeding programs are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Selvaraj Michael Gomez N. Manikanda Boopathi S. Satheesh Kumar T. Ramasubramanian Zhu Chengsong P. Jeyaprakash A. Senthil R. Chandra Babu 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2010,32(2):355-364
Drought is a major limitation for rice production in rainfed ecosystems. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) linked
to drought resistance provides opportunity to breed high yielding rice varieties suitable for drought-prone areas. Although
considerable efforts were made in mapping QTLs associated with drought-resistance traits in rice, most of the studies involved
indica × japonica crosses and hence, the drought-resistance alleles were contributed mostly by japonica ecotypes. It is desirable to look for genetic variation within indica ecotypes adapted to target environment (TE) as the alleles from japonica ecotype may not be expressed under lowland conditions. A subset of 250 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of F8 generation derived from two indica rice lines (IR20 and Nootripathu) with contrasting drought-resistance traits were used to map the QTLs for morpho-physiological
and plant production traits under drought stress in the field in TE. A genetic linkage map was constructed using 101 polymorphic
PCR-based markers distributed over the 12 chromosomes covering a total length of 1,529 cM in 17 linkage groups with an average
distance of 15.1 cM. Composite interval mapping analysis identified 22 QTLs, which individually explained 4.8–32.2% of the
phenotypic variation. Consistent QTLs for drought-resistance traits were detected using locally adapted indica ecotypes, which may be useful for rainfed rice improvement. 相似文献
3.
Zhang Z Rong J Waghmare VN Chee PW May OL Wright RJ Gannaway JR Paterson AH 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2011,123(7):1075-1088
Seventeen backcross-self families from crosses between two Gossypium hirsutum recurrent parent lines (CA3084, CA3093) and G. tomentosum were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling fiber quality traits. A total of 28 QTLs for fiber quality
traits were identified (P < 0.001), including four for fiber elongation, eight for fiber fineness, four for fiber length, four for fiber strength,
six for fiber uniformity, one for boll weight, and one for boll number. Three statistically significant marker–trait associations
for lint yield were found in a single environment, but need further validation. Two-way analysis of variance revealed one
locus with significant genotype × family interaction (P < 0.001) for fiber strength and a second locus with significant genotype × environment interaction (P < 0.001) in the CA3084 background, and two loci with significant genotype × background interaction (P < 0.001) for the 28 common markers segregating in both of the two recurrent backgrounds. Co-location of many QTLs for fiber
quality traits partially explained correlations among these traits. Some G. tomentosum alleles were associated with multiple favorable effects, offering the possibility of rapid genetic gain by introgression.
Many G. tomentosum alleles were recalcitrant to homozygosity, suggesting that they might be most effectively deployed in hybrid cottons. DNA
markers linked to G. tomentosum QTLs identified in the present study promise to assist breeders in transferring and maintaining valuable traits from this
exotic source during Upland cotton cultivar development. This study also adds further evidence to prior studies indicating
that the majority of genetic variation associated with fiber quality in tetraploid cotton traces to the D-subgenome from a
diploid ancestor that does not produce spinnable fiber. 相似文献
4.
Genetic architecture,biochemical underpinnings and ecological impact of floral UV patterning 下载免费PDF全文
Marcus T. Brock Lauren K. Lucas Nickolas A. Anderson Matthew J. Rubin R. J. Cody Markelz Michael F. Covington Upendra K. Devisetty Clint Chapple Julin N. Maloof Cynthia Weinig 《Molecular ecology》2016,25(5):1122-1140
Floral attraction traits can significantly affect pollinator visitation patterns, but adaptive evolution of these traits may be constrained by correlations with other traits. In some cases, molecular pathways contributing to floral attraction are well characterized, offering the opportunity to explore loci potentially underlying variation among individuals. Here, we quantify the range of variation in floral UV patterning (i.e. UV ‘bulls‐eye nectar guides) among crop and wild accessions of Brassica rapa. We then use experimental crosses to examine the genetic architecture, candidate loci and biochemical underpinnings of this patterning as well as phenotypic manipulations to test the ecological impact. We find qualitative variation in UV patterning between wild (commonly lacking UV patterns) and crop (commonly exhibiting UV patterns) accessions. Similar to the majority of crops, recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from an oilseed crop × WI fast‐plant® cross exhibit UV patterns, the size of which varies extensively among genotypes. In RILs, we further observe strong statistical‐genetic and QTL correlations within petal morphological traits and within measurements of petal UV patterning; however, correlations between morphology and UV patterning are weak or nonsignificant, suggesting that UV patterning is regulated and may evolve independently of overall petal size. HPLC analyses reveal a high concentration of sinapoyl glucose in UV‐absorbing petal regions, which, in concert with physical locations of UV‐trait QTLs, suggest a regulatory and structural gene as candidates underlying observed quantitative variation. Finally, insects prefer flowers with UV bulls‐eye patterns over those that lack patterns, validating the importance of UV patterning in pollen‐limited populations of B. rapa. 相似文献
5.
Li W Zeng R Zhang Z Ding X Zhang G 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2008,116(7):915-922
The partial pollen abortion of hybrids between the indica and japonica subspecies of Asian cultivated rice is one of the major barriers in utilizing intersubspecific heterosis in hybrid rice breeding.
Although a single hybrid pollen sterility locus may have little impact on spikelet fertility, the cumulative effect of several
loci usually leads to a serious decrease in spikelet fertility. Isolating of the genes conferring hybrid pollen sterility
is necessary to understand this phenomenon and to overcome the resulting genetic barrier. In this study, a new locus for F1 pollen sterility, S-d, was identified on the short arm of chromosome 1 by analyzing the genetic effect of substituted segments of the near-isogenic
line E11-5 derived from the japonica variety Taichung 65 (recurrent parent) and the indica variety Dee-geo-woo-gen (donor parent). The S-d locus was first mapped to a 0.8 cM interval between SSR markers PSM46 and PSM80 using a F2 population of 125 individuals. The flanking markers were then used to identify recombinants from a population of 2,160 plants
derived from heterozygotes of the primary F2 population. Simultaneously, additional markers were developed from genomic sequence divergence in this region. Analysis of
the recombinants in the region resulted in the successful mapping of the S-d locus to a 67-kb fragment, containing 17 predicted genes. Positional cloning of this gene will contribute to our understanding
of the molecular basis for partial pollen sterility of intersubspecific F1 hybrids in rice. 相似文献
6.
Furong Wang Jingxia Zhang Yu Chen Chuanyun Zhang Juwu Gong Zhangqiang Song Juan Zhou Jingjing Wang Chengjie Zhao Mengjia Jiao Aiying Liu Zhaohai Du Youlu Yuan Shoujin Fan Jun Zhang 《Plant biotechnology journal》2020,18(3):707-720
Fine mapping QTLs and identifying candidate genes for cotton fibre‐quality and yield traits would be beneficial to cotton breeding. Here, we constructed a high‐density genetic map by specific‐locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF‐seq) to identify QTLs associated with fibre‐quality and yield traits using 239 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), which was developed from LMY22 (a high‐yield Gossypium hirsutumL. cultivar) × LY343 (a superior fibre‐quality germplasm with G. barbadenseL. introgressions). The genetic map spanned 3426.57 cM, including 3556 SLAF‐based SNPs and 199 SSR marker loci. A total of 104 QTLs, including 67 QTLs for fibre quality and 37 QTLs for yield traits, were identified with phenotypic data collected from 7 environments. Among these, 66 QTLs were co‐located in 19 QTL clusters on 12 chromosomes, and 24 QTLs were detected in three or more environments and determined to be stable. We also investigated the genomic components of LY343 and their contributions to fibre‐related traits by deep sequencing the whole genome of LY343, and we found that genomic components from G. hirsutum races (which entered LY343 via its G. barbadense parent) contributed more favourable alleles than those from G. barbadense. We further identified six putative candidate genes for stable QTLs, including Gh_A03G1147 (GhPEL6), Gh_D07G1598 (GhCSLC6) and Gh_D13G1921 (GhTBL5) for fibre‐length QTLs and Gh_D03G0919 (GhCOBL4), Gh_D09G1659 (GhMYB4) and Gh_D09G1690 (GhMYB85) for lint‐percentage QTLs. Our results provide comprehensive insight into the genetic basis of the formation of fibre‐related traits and would be helpful for cloning fibre‐development‐related genes as well as for marker‐assisted genetic improvement in cotton. 相似文献
7.
Skrede I Brochmann C Borgen L Rieseberg LH 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2008,62(8):1840-1851
Sterility barriers, ranging from incomplete to fully developed, were recently demonstrated within taxonomic species of the genus Draba, suggesting the existence of numerous, cryptic biological species. Because these taxa are predominately selfers and of Pleistocene origin, it was concluded that hybrid sterility evolved quickly and possibly by genetic drift. Here we used genetic mapping and QTL analyses to determine the genetic basis of hybrid sterility between geographically distant populations of one of these taxonomic species, Draba nivalis. Fifty microsatellite loci were mapped, and QTL analyses identified five loci underlying seed fertility and two underlying pollen fertility. Four of five seed fertility QTLs reduced fertility in heterozygotes, an observation most consistent with drift-based fixation of underdominant sterility loci. However, several nuclear-nuclear interactions were also found, including two that acted like reciprocal translocations with lowest fitness in double heterozygotes, and two that had a pattern of fitness consistent with Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities. In contrast, pollen fertility QTLs exhibited additive inheritance, with lowest fertility associated with the paternal allele, a pattern of inheritance suggestive of cytonuclear incompatibilities. The results imply that multiple genetic mechanisms underlie the rapid evolution of reproductive barriers in Draba. 相似文献
8.
Xiangjin Wei Linglong Liu Junfeng Xu Ling Jiang Wenwei Zhang Jiankang Wang Huqu Zhai Jianmin Wan 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2010,25(2):287-298
Heading date (HD) is a key trait for the adaptation of rice cultivar to a specific growing region. Here, we report conventional
and marker-assisted breeding strategies using genetic information related to the determination of HD, where the breeding objectives
were to avoid the delayed heading common in indica × japonica hybrids, to increase the efficiency in selecting hybrid rice combinations having a suitable growth duration, and to develop
cultivars with target growth duration by quantitative trait locus (QTL) pyramiding. The allelic constitution at the major
HD loci was determined for a set of 109 leading Chinese rice cultivars by crossing them with HD tester lines. It was shown
that the late heading in indica × japonica hybrids can be overcome by replacing the strong photoperiod-sensitivity allele Se-1
n
with Se-1
e
. A breeding strategy to enable the selection of hybrid combinations with suitable growth duration was proposed, based on
HD genotypic information in rice. Meanwhile, a QTL analysis for HD was conducted over five years based on a recombinant inbred
line population, derived from two parents Asominori (japonica) and IR24 (indica). Four QTLs, located on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, and 8, respectively, could be detected in all five years, indicating they were
stably expressed QTL. According to this QTL information, and taking Asominori as an example, the HD genotypes for improving
the growth duration were designed, and the best breeding selection schemes were determined by use of a genetic breeding simulation
tool. Results obtained in this study demonstrate that genetic information related to HD can make a significant contribution
to rice breeding. 相似文献
9.
Genetic dissection of ``OLETF', a rat model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Naohide Kanemoto Haretsugu Hishigaki Ayako Miyakita Keiko Oga Shiro Okuno Atsushi Tsuji Toshihisa Takagi Ei-ichi Takahashi Yusuke Nakamura Takeshi K. Watanabe 《Mammalian genome》1998,9(6):419-425
To elucidate the genetic factors underlying non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we performed genome-wide quantitative
trait locus (QTL) analysis, using the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat. The OLETF rat is an excellent animal
model of NIDDM because the features of the disease closely resemble human NIDDM. Genetic dissection with two kinds of F2 intercross
progeny, from matings between the OLETF rat and non-diabetic control rats F344 or BN, allowed us to identify on Chromosome
(Chr) 1 a major QTL associated with features of NIDDM that was common to both crosses. We also mapped two additional significant
loci, on Chrs 7 and 14, in the (OLETF × F344)F2 cross alone, and designated these three loci as Diabetes mellitus, OLETF type Dmo 1, Dmo2 and Dmo3 respectively. With regard to suggestive QTLs, we found loci on Chrs 10, 11, and 16 that were common to both crosses, as well
as loci on Chrs 5 and 12 in the (OLETF × F344)F2 cross and on Chrs 4 and 13 in the (OLETF × BN)F2 cross. Our results showed that NIDDM in the OLETF rat is polygenic and demonstrated that different genetic backgrounds could
affect ``fitness' for QTLs and produce different phenotypic effects from the same locus.
Received: 9 October 1997 / Accepted: 29 January 1998 相似文献
10.
The main effects, epistatic effects and environmental interactions of QTLs on the cooking and eating quality of rice in a doubled-haploid line population 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Fan CC Yu XQ Xing YZ Xu CG Luo LJ Zhang Q 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2005,110(8):1445-1452
Amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC) and gelatinazation temperature (GT) are three important traits that influence the cooking and eating quality of rice. The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic components, including main-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs), epistatic QTLs and QTL-by-environment interactions (QEs), that are involved in the control of these three traits. A population of doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from a cross between two indica varieties Zhenshan 97 and H94 was used, and data were collected from a field experiment conducted in two different environments. A genetic linkage map consisting of 218 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci was constructed, and QTL analysis performed using qtlmapper 1.6 resolved the genetic components into main-effect QTLs, epistatic QTLs and QEs. The analysis detected a total of 12 main-effect QTLs for the three traits, with a QTL corresponding to the Wx locus showing a major effect on AC and GC, and a QTL corresponding to the Alk locus having a major effect on GT. Ten digenic interactions involving 19 loci were detected for the three traits, and six main-effect QTLs and two pairs of epistatic QTLs were involved in QEs. While the main-effect QTLs, especially the ones corresponding to known major loci, apparently played predominant roles in the genetic basis of the traits, under certain conditions epistatic effects and QEs also played important roles in controlling the traits. The implications of the findings for rice quality improvement are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Joong Hyoun Chin Sang-Ho Chu Wenzhu Jiang Young-Il Cho Reflinur Basyirin Darshan S. Brar Hee-Jong Koh 《Genes & genomics.》2011,33(1):39-48
Two subspecies in rice, japonica and indica, have their own ecotypic traits. However, reproductive barriers such as spikelet sterility in hybrid progenies between subspecies have been an obstacle in breeding programs for combining desirable traits from both subspecies through inter-subspecific hybridization. The 166 F9 RILs and two BC1F1s’ were analyzed for spikelet and pollen fertility with the parents and F1 between Dasanbyeo (DS, indica) / TR22183 (TR, japonica). A frame map was constructed using a total of 218 polymorphic STS and SSR markers. In both BC1F1s’ of DS//DS/TR and TR//DS/TR, clusters of significant QTLs for spikelet and pollen fertility were identified on the short arm of chromosome 5 and chromosome 8. Nine and ten digenic epistatic interactions for DS//DS/TR and TR//DS//TR were identified, respectively. HF-QTLs were detected at the similar position with subspecies-specific markers and segregation distortion loci, implying that HF-QTLs might be associated with the differentiation of indica and japonica. Hybrid fertility/sterility and its relationship with other traits are discussed in relation to the reproductive barriers between subspecies of rice. 相似文献
12.
Andrew Chen Jason Reinheimer Anita Brûlé-Babel Ute Baumann Margaret Pallotta Geoffrey B. Fincher Nicholas C. Collins 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,118(8):1465-1476
Frost at flowering can cause significant damage to cereal crops. QTL for low temperature tolerance in reproductive tissues
(LTR tolerance) were previously described on barley 2HL and 5HL chromosome arms. With the aim of identifying potential LTR
tolerance mechanisms, barley Amagi Nijo × WI2585 and Haruna Nijo × Galleon populations were examined for flowering time and
spike morphology traits associated with the LTR tolerance loci. In spring-type progeny of both crosses, winter alleles at
the Vrn-H1 vernalization response locus on 5H were linked in coupling with LTR tolerance and were unexpectedly associated with earlier
flowering. In contrast, tolerance on 2HL was coupled with late flowering alleles at a locus we named Flt-2L. Both chromosome regions influenced chasmogamy/cleistogamy (open/closed florets), although tolerance was associated with
cleistogamy at the 2HL locus and chasmogamy at the 5HL locus. LTR tolerance controlled by both loci was accompanied by shorter
spikes, which were due to fewer florets per spike on 5HL, but shorter rachis internodes on 2HL. The Eps-2S locus also segregated in both crosses and influenced spike length and flowering time but not LTR tolerance. Thus, none of
the traits was consistently correlated with LTR tolerance, suggesting that the tolerance may be due to some other visible
trait or an intrinsic (biochemical) property. Winter alleles at the Vrn-H1 locus and short rachis internodes may be of potential use in barley breeding, as markers for selection of LTR tolerance at
5HL and 2HL loci, respectively.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
13.
Maternal–foetal genomic conflict and speciation: no evidence for hybrid placental dysplasia in crosses between two house mouse subspecies 下载免费PDF全文
L. Kropáčková J. Piálek V. Gergelits J. Forejt R. Reifová 《Journal of evolutionary biology》2015,28(3):688-698
Interspecific hybridization between closely related mammalian species, including various species of the genus Mus, is commonly associated with abnormal growth of the placenta and hybrid foetuses, a phenomenon known as hybrid placental dysplasia (HPD). The role of HPD in speciation is anticipated but still poorly understood. Here, we studied placental and foetal growth in F1 crosses between four inbred mouse strains derived from two house mouse subspecies, Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus. These subspecies are in the early stage of speciation and still hybridize in nature. In accordance with the maternal–foetal genomic conflict hypothesis, we found different parental influences on placental and foetal development, with placental weight most affected by the father's body weight and foetal weight by the mother's body weight. After removing the effects of parents’ body weight, we did not find any significant differences in foetal or placental weights between intra‐subspecific and inter‐subspecific F1 crosses. Nevertheless, we found that the variability in placental weight in inter‐subspecific crosses is linked to the X chromosome, similarly as for HPD in interspecific mouse crosses. Our results suggest that maternal–foetal genomic conflict occurs in the house mouse system, but has not yet diverged sufficiently to cause abnormalities in placental and foetal growth in inter‐subspecific crosses. HPD is thus unlikely to contribute to speciation in the house mouse system. However, we cannot rule out that it might have contributed to other speciation events in the genus Mus, where differences in the levels of polyandry exist between the species. 相似文献
14.
Xiaoqiong Qin Wentao Li Yang Liu Meilian Tan Martin Ganal Roger T. Chetelat 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2018,93(3):417-430
Multiple independent and overlapping pollen rejection pathways contribute to unilateral interspecific incompatibility (UI). In crosses between tomato species, pollen rejection usually occurs when the female parent is self‐incompatible (SI) and the male parent self‐compatible (SC) (the ‘SI × SC rule’). Additional, as yet unknown, UI mechanisms are independent of self‐incompatibility and contribute to UI between SC species or populations. We identified a major quantitative trait locus on chromosome 10 (ui10.1) which affects pollen‐side UI responses in crosses between cultivated tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, and Solanum pennelliiLA0716, both of which are SC and lack S‐RNase, the pistil determinant of S‐specificity in Solanaceae. Here we show that ui10.1 is a farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase gene (FPS2) expressed in pollen. Expression is about 18‐fold higher in pollen of S. pennellii than in S. lycopersicum. Pollen with the hypomorphic S. lycopersicum allele is selectively eliminated on pistils of the F1 hybrid, leading to transmission ratio distortion in the F2 progeny. CRISPR/Cas9‐generated knockout mutants (fps2) in S. pennelliiLA0716 are self‐sterile due to pollen rejection, but mutant pollen is fully functional on pistils of S. lycopersicum. F2 progeny of S. lycopersicum × S. pennellii (fps2) show reversed transmission ratio distortion due to selective elimination of pollen bearing the knockout allele. Overexpression of FPS2 in S. lycopersicum pollen rescues the pollen elimination phenotype. FPS2‐based pollen selectivity does not involve S‐RNase and has not been previously linked to UI. Our results point to an entirely new mechanism of interspecific pollen rejection in plants. 相似文献
15.
Kang Li Dehong Wang Liang Gong Yuanyuan Lyu Hao Guo Wei Chen Cheng Jin Xianqing Liu Chuanying Fang Jie Luo 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2019,100(5):908-922
Plants are considered an important food and nutrition source for humans. Despite advances in plant seed metabolomics, knowledge about the genetic and molecular bases of rice seed metabolomes at different developmental stages is still limited. Here, using Zhenshan 97 (ZS97) and Minghui 63 (MH63), we performed a widely targeted metabolic profiling in seeds during grain filling, mature seeds and germinating seeds. The diversity between MH63 and ZS97 was characterized in terms of the content of metabolites and the metabolic shifting across developmental stages. Taking advantage of the ultra‐high‐density genetic map of a population of 210 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between ZS97 and MH63, we identified 4681 putative metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) in seeds across the three stages. Further analysis of the mQTLs for the codetected metabolites across the three stages revealed that the genetic regulation of metabolite accumulation was closely related to developmental stage. Using in silico analyses, we characterized 35 candidate genes responsible for 30 structurally identified or annotated compounds, among which LOC_Os07g04970 and LOC_Os06g03990 were identified to be responsible for feruloylserotonin and l ‐asparagine content variation across populations, respectively. Metabolite?agronomic trait association and colocation between mQTLs and phenotypic quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) revealed the complexity of the metabolite?agronomic trait relationship and the corresponding genetic basis. 相似文献
16.
Kazuhiro Sato Kiyosumi Hori Kazuyoshi Takeda 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2008,22(4):517-526
Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance was evaluated in five recombinant inbred (RI) populations. The RI populations consisted
of top-cross progeny derived from a diallel set of crosses. Each of five two-row barley lines differing in response to FHB
were crossed with ‘Harbin 2-row’. FHB severity was scored on an 11-point scale, where resistant = 0 and susceptible = 10,
based on the ‘cut-spike test’. Disease data were obtained for each population for 2 or 3 years. Linkage maps comprised of
expressed sequence tag (EST) markers were developed for each population and used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection.
Thirty two QTLs were detected using all data sets (individual populations and years). Thirteen QTLs were detected using averages
across years; 10 of these were consistent across the individual year and average data sets. These QTLs clustered at 14 regions,
with clusters on all chromosomes. At 11 of these clusters, Harbin 2-row contributed FHB resistance alleles. No QTLs were detected
near the row type (vrs1) locus in any of the five RI populations, suggesting that the FHB resistance QTL in this region reported in two-row × six-row
crosses may be pleiotropic effect of vrs1. QTL were coincident with the flowering type locus (cly1/Cly2) on chromosome 2H in every population. Some QTL × QTL interactions were significant, but these were smaller than QTL main
effects. Considering the pleiotropic effect of spike morphology on FHB resistance, future FHB resistance mapping efforts in
barley should focus on cross combinations in which alleles at vrs1 are not segregating.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
17.
Heredity and genetic mapping of domestication-related traits in a temperate japonica weedy rice 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
C. Bres-Patry M. Lorieux G. Clément M. Bangratz A. Ghesquière 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(1):118-126
Rice is often found as various weedy forms in temperate or newly cultivated rice growing regions throughout the world. The
emergence of these forms in the absence of true wild rice remains unclear. A genetic analysis of domestication-related traits
(weed syndrome) has been conducted to better understand the appearance of these plants in rice fields. A doubled haploid (DH)
population was derived from a cross between a japonica variety and a weedy plant collected in Camargue (France) to set up a genetic linkage map consisting of 68 SSR and 31 AFLP
loci. Five qualitative traits related to pigmentation of different organs and 15 developmental and morphological quantitative
traits were scored for genes and QTLs mapping. Despite a good reactivity in anther culture and a high fertility of the DH
lines, segregation distortions were observed on chromosomal segments bearing gametophytic and sterility genes and corresponded
to various QTLs evidenced in indica×japonica distant crosses. Mapping of the coloration genes was found to be in agreement with the presence of several genes previously
identified and according to the genetic model governing the synthesis and distribution of anthocyan pigment in the plant.
In addition, the main specific traits of weedy forms revealed the same genes/QTLs as progeny derived from a cross between
Oryza sativa and its wild progenitor O. rufipogon. A large variation for most characters was found in the DH population, including transgressive variation. Significant correlations
were observed between morphology and traits related to weeds and corresponded to a distinct colocalization of most of the
QTLs on a limited number of chromosomal regions. The significance of these results on the origin of weedy forms and the de-domestication
process is discussed.
Received: 25 February 2000 / Accepted: 14 April 2000 相似文献
18.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) head-rice yield (HR) is a key export and domestic quality trait whose genetic control is poorly understood. With the
goal of identifying genomic regions influencing HR, quantitative-trait-locus (QTL) mapping was carried out for quality-related
traits in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from crosses of common parent Cypress, a high-HR US japonica cultivar, with RT0034, a low-HR indica line (129 RILs) and LaGrue, a low-HR japonica cultivar (298 RILs), grown in two US locations in 2005–2007. Early heading increased HR in the Louisiana (LA) but not the
Arkansas (AR) location. Fitting QTL-mapping models to separate QTL main and QTL × environment interaction (QEI) effects and
identify epistatic interactions revealed six main-effect HR QTLs in the two crosses, at four of which Cypress contributed
the increasing allele. Multi-QTL models accounted for 0.36 of genetic and 0.21 of genetic × environment interaction of HR
in MY1, and corresponding proportions of 0.25 and 0.37 in MY2. The greater HR advantage of Cypress in LA than in AR corresponded
to a genomewide pattern of opposition of HR-increasing QTL effects by AR-specific effects, suggesting a selection strategy
for improving this cultivar for AR. Treating year–location combinations as independent environments resulted in underestimation
of QEI effects, evidently owing to lower variation among years within location than between location. Identification of robust
HR QTLs in elite long-grain germplasm is suggested to require more detailed attention to the interaction of plant and grain
development parameters with environmental conditions than has been given to date. 相似文献
19.
Impact of pre‐ and post‐pollination barriers on pollen transfer and reproductive isolation among three sympatric Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae) species 下载免费PDF全文
H. Liang Z.‐X. Ren Z.‐B. Tao Y.‐H. Zhao P. Bernhardt D.‐Z. Li H. Wang 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》2018,20(4):662-673
- Pedicularis is the largest genus in the Orobanchaceae (>300) with many species co‐occurring and co‐blooming in subalpine to alpine meadows in the Himalayas. Although it is well known that different Pedicularis species place pollen on different parts of the same bumblebee's body, thus reducing interspecific pollen transfer, it is not known whether post‐pollination components also contribute to reproductive isolation (RI).
- In this study, we quantified the individual strengths and absolute contributions of six pre‐ and post‐pollination components of RI between three sympatric species in two pairs; Pedicularis gruina × Pedicularis tenuisecta (gru × ten) and Pedicularis comptoniifolia × Pedicularis tenuisecta (com × ten).
- All three Pedicularis species shared the same Bombus species. Individual foragers showed a high, but incomplete, floral constancy for each species. Therefore, pre‐pollination barriers were potentially ‘leaky’ as Bombus species showed a low but consistent frequency of interspecific visitation. The RI strength of pre‐pollination was lower in com × ten than in gru × ten. In contrast, post‐pollination barriers completely blocked gene flow between both sets of species pairs. Two post‐pollination recognition sites were identified. Late acting rejection of interspecific pollen tube growth occurred in com♀ × ten♂, while seeds produced in bi‐directional crosses of gru × ten failed to germinate.
- We propose that, although floral isolation based on pollen placement on pollinators in the genus Pedicularis is crucial to avoid interspecific pollen transfer, the importance of this mode of interspecific isolation may be exaggerated. Post‐pollination barriers may play even larger roles for currently established populations of co‐blooming and sympatric species in this huge genus in the Himalayas.
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Exogenous selection rather than cytonuclear incompatibilities shapes asymmetrical fitness of reciprocal Arabidopsis hybrids 下载免费PDF全文
Nora Hohmann Barbara K. Mable Polina Novikova Roswitha Schmickl Alessia Guggisberg Marcus A. Koch 《Ecology and evolution》2015,5(8):1734-1745
Reciprocal crosses between species often display an asymmetry in the fitness of F1 hybrids. This pattern, referred to as isolation asymmetry or Darwin's corollary to Haldane's rule, is a general feature of reproductive isolation in plants, yet factors determining its magnitude and direction remain unclear. We evaluated reciprocal species crosses between two naturally hybridizing diploid species of Arabidopsis to assess the degree of isolation asymmetry at different postmating life stages. We found that pollen from Arabidopsis arenosa will usually fertilize ovules from Arabidopsis lyrata; the reverse receptivity being less complete. Maternal A. lyrata parents set more F1 hybrid seed, but germinate at lower frequency, reversing the asymmetry. As predicted by theory, A. lyrata (the maternal parent with lower seed viability in crosses) exhibited accelerated chloroplast evolution, indicating that cytonuclear incompatibilities may play a role in reproductive isolation. However, this direction of asymmetrical reproductive isolation is not replicated in natural suture zones, where delayed hybrid breakdown of fertility at later developmental stages, or later‐acting selection against A. arenosa maternal hybrids (unrelated to hybrid fertility, e.g., substrate adaptation) may be responsible for an excess of A. lyrata maternal hybrids. Exogenous selection rather than cytonuclear incompatibilities thus shapes the asymmetrical postmating isolation in nature. 相似文献