耐酸性α-淀粉酶高产菌株的选育

从酒曲中筛选得到1株高产耐酸性α-淀粉酶的野生菌株Tx-78,经鉴定为曲霉属的黑曲霉(Aspergil-lus niger)。以Tx-78作为出发菌株,通过紫外线(UV)诱变和亚硝基胍(NG)诱变,获得了遗传稳定的高产菌株UN78358,其产酶量可达到1 120 U/mL。     

基因组重排与传统育种相结合选育大观霉素高产菌株

以壮观链霉菌(Streptomyces spectabilis)为研究对象,采用基因组重排技术与传统诱变育种相结合的方法选育大观霉素的高产菌株.通过原生质体紫外诱变获得壮观链霉菌突变体群体,高产突变菌株间进行两轮的基因组重排,筛选的高产菌株用NTG诱变得新霉素和链霉素的抗性突变菌株,抗性突变菌株间进行两轮基因组重排,从...     

产脲酶芽胞杆菌的微波诱变育种

巴氏芽胞杆菌是目前微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀(MICP)方法中应用最为热门的一种细菌。为提高巴氏芽胞杆菌尿素分解以及矿化能力,以巴氏芽胞杆菌YB-B为出发菌株,采用微波诱变育种技术,通过诱变菌株特性筛选及其遗传稳定性检测,成功选育出2株突变菌株YB-3和YB-4。与出发菌株相比,诱变菌株尿素分解能力较原菌株提高1.5倍左右,矿化能力提高114%。诱变菌株具有生长速度快,环境适应性强,矿化能力高等优点,这为MICP更广层次的应用奠定了坚实的基础。     

紫金牛叶杆菌RC6b及其诱变菌株对二苯砷酸的降解特征

【目的】阐明紫金牛叶杆菌Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum RC6b及其诱变菌株对二苯砷酸(Diphenylarsinic acid,DPAA)的降解特征与代谢产物。【方法】以紫金牛叶杆菌RC6b为出发菌株,分别以蔗糖、葡萄糖和乙酸钠为外加碳源,优化共代谢降解条件;采用亚硝基胍(N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine,NTG)对出发菌株进行化学诱变,比较诱变前后菌株对DPAA降解能力的变化,鉴定诱变菌株对DPAA的降解代谢产物。【结果】以DPAA为唯一碳源时,培养28 d后RC6b菌株对DPAA的降解率低于2%;分别添加蔗糖、葡萄糖和乙酸钠为外加碳源培养28 d后,DPAA的降解率显著提高,分别达到14.08%、15.21%和15.05%;采用250μg/m L的NTG诱变后获得3株诱变菌,在以DPAA为唯一碳源培养28 d后,3株诱变菌对DPAA的降解率与出发菌株相比均显著提高,其中N-RC6b2对DPAA的降解率最高,达36.71%;代谢产物鉴定结果表明,诱变菌株N-RC6b2对DPAA的代谢产物中有单羟基化DPAA的生成。【结论】RC6b出发菌株难以直接利用DPAA为唯一碳源生长,外加蔗糖、葡萄糖和乙酸钠等共代谢碳源可显著提高菌株RC6b对DPAA的降解率;NTG化学诱变可进一步提高RC6b菌株对DPAA的降解效果,代谢产物为单羟基化DPAA。     

微波诱变结合化学诱变选育纤维素酶高产菌的研究

以纤维素酶产生菌TP1202为出发菌株,通过微波诱变和硫酸二乙酯、氯化锂诱变剂进行诱变,选育到1株纤维素酶高产菌株AS5。在适宜条件下,其产生的羧甲基纤维素酶活力(CMC),滤纸酶活力(FPA)和棉花糖酶活力分别是出发菌株的107%、152.4%和140.5%。     

L-丝氨酸生产菌的选育及不同碳源对发酵的影响

以一株黄假单胞属(Pseudomonas flava)菌株A3为出发菌株,经过紫外(UV)诱变和硫酸二乙酯(DES)逐级诱变处理和选育,选育出一株能够以甲醇为唯一碳源的兼性甲基营养型菌JW-01(Mth~R、Gly~R)。在含甘氨酸30g/L、甲醇1%的发酵培养基中发酵3d后L-丝氨酸产量为6．2g/L,较出发菌株提高了67．6%。该菌具有较好的传代稳定性。     

链霉菌LA5高产菌株诱变育种研究初报

抗生素LA5具有开发成抗真菌农用抗生素的广阔前景,但由于该菌株的野生型菌株发酵效价低,不能满足工业化开发的要求。通过以链霉菌LA5为出发菌株,采用紫外线(UV)、微波、亚硝基胍(NTG)、紫外线 亚硝基胍、亚硝基胍 紫外线等方法进行诱变筛选,结果表明,以紫外线照射80 s 亚硝基胍处理80 min的诱变的正突变率最高,为30%,其他依次为亚硝基胍处理80 min 紫外线照射40 s诱变和亚硝基胍处理60min 紫外线照射120 s诱变,正突变率均为26%。然后依次使用亚硝基胍处理80 min 紫外线照射80 s、亚硝基胍处理80 min 紫外线照射40 s、亚硝基胍处理60 min 紫外线照射120 s进行第2、第3、第4轮复合诱变筛选,最后选育出突变菌株U8-N8A-196,其产抗生素能力比链霉菌LA5出发菌株提高了34.5%,极显著高于LA5菌株。     

紫外线和硫酸二乙酯复合诱变选育PHB高产菌株

【目的】获得高产聚β-羟基丁酸酯(Poly-β-hydroxybutyricacid,PHB)菌株。【方法】以假单胞菌属Pseudomonas koreensis PK3菌株为出发菌株,采用硫酸二乙酯和紫外线相结合的诱变方法进行多轮诱变。【结果】经过初筛和复筛得到一株高产PHB突变菌株,命名为Pseudomonas koreensis UVCN-18。连续传代9次后,发酵28 h条件下,PHB产量达到15.94 g/L,占细胞干重69.54%,较原出发菌株Pseudomonas koreensis PK3(4.42 g/L)提高了2.61倍,并且该菌株具有良好的遗传稳定性。【结论】采用硫酸二乙酯和紫外线相结合的诱变方法,成功获得了一株高产PHB突变菌株。     

等离子体-紫外复合诱变选育四羟基环孢菌素衍生物高产菌株

筛选可体内转化合成环孢菌素衍生物([γ-HyMeLeu4]CyA)的高产菌株。以稀有放线菌Nonomuraea dietziae为出发菌株,采用常温常压等离子体射流和紫外照射对其进行复合物理诱变。通过该诱变方法获得了具有稳定遗传性能的菌株,其转化效率比出发菌株提高了32%左右。结果表明,等离子体诱变可有效的用于该稀有放线菌,通过等离子体-紫外复合诱变筛选得到的突变菌株可用于工业生产。     

一株新的产吡咯喹啉醌甲基营养菌全基因组测序和比较基因组学分析

【背景】由于甲基营养菌被发现的时间较短,而且可以生产吡咯喹啉醌(pyrroloquinoline quinone,PQQ)的甲基杆菌属细菌只有少数菌株的全基因组序列被公布,增加了该类细菌基因组学和生物代谢途径研究的难度。【目的】将本实验室筛选的PQQ生产菌经多种诱变方式处理,用于提高PQQ的发酵产量。对高产突变菌株进行全基因组解析,以探究甲基杆菌PQQ合成的分子机制,为后续分子育种提供序列背景信息。【方法】将野生型PQQ生产菌株进行紫外诱变、亚硝基胍诱变、甲基磺酸乙酯诱变、硫酸二乙酯诱变和紫外-氯化锂复合诱变。将突变菌株利用PromethION三代测序平台和MGISEQ-2000二代测序平台测序,然后进行组装和功能注释。组装得到的全基因组序列与模式菌株扭脱甲基杆菌AM1 (Methylobacterium extorquens AM1)进行比较基因组学分析。【结果】经11轮诱变获得一株突变菌株NI91,其PQQ产量为19.49mg/L,相较原始菌株提高44.91%。突变菌株NI91的基因组由一个5 409 262 bp的染色体组成,共编码4 957个蛋白,与模式菌株M. extorqu...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.