共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Cédric Gonneau Sanjay K. Mohanty Lee H. Dietterich Wei-Ting Hwang Jane K. Willenbring Brenda B. Casper 《Plant and Soil》2017,416(1-2):149-163
Background and aims
Elemental uptake in serpentine floras in eastern North America is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine major and trace element concentrations in soil and leaves of three native pseudo-metallophyte C4 grasses in situ at five sites with three very different soil types, including three serpentine sites, in eastern USA.Methods
Pseudo-total and extractible concentrations of 15 elements were measured and correlated from the soils and leaves of three species at the five sites.Results
Element concentrations in soils of pseudo-metallophytes varied up to five orders of magnitude. Soils from metalliferous sites exhibited higher concentrations of their characteristic elements than non-metalliferous. In metallicolous populations, elemental concentrations depended on the element. Concentrations of major elements (Ca, Mg, K) in leaves were lower than typical toxicity thresholds, whereas concentrations of Zn were higher.Conclusions
In grasses, species can maintain relatively low metal concentrations in their leaves even when soil concentrations are richer. However, in highly Zn-contaminated soil, we found evidence of a threshold concentration above which Zn uptake increases drastically. Finally, absence of main characteristics of serpentine soil at one site indicated the importance of soil survey and restoration to maintain serpentinophytes communities and avoid soil encroachment.2.
Joaquín Moreno Alejandro Terrones Ana Juan María Ángeles Alonso 《Plant and Soil》2018,430(1-2):185-204
Aims
Establishing a vegetation-soil model in Mediterranean saltmarshes based on the relationships between the plant communities and the abiotic factors, considering temporary variation.Methods
Relationships between perennial plant species abundances and plant communities were analysed by DCAs. A CCA was performed to study the relationships between floristic composition and edaphic variables. Sixteen soil variables and Pearson correlations between them were considered. Marginal and conditional effects were supported by mixed ANOVA. Statistical analyses were performed to check temporary variation.Results
DCAs results showed eight vegetation types. CCA showed E.C. as the main gradient, with the succulent halophyte communities growing in high E.C. soils. SAR and percentage of sand were considered as secondary gradients. Finally, the highest values of the edaphic variables were observed, in general, during the cold period.Conclusions
The main gradient of salinity, together with sodicity and texture gradients, would markedly influence the plant distribution in Mediterranean saltmarshes. Two principal plant zones were observed: succulent zone vs. non-succulent zone, with a specific edaphic distribution for each plant community and for the proposed Limonium morphotypes treatment. A plant-soil model based on these three gradients is here proposed. Our results would complement the previous knowledge about plant-soil relationships in Mediterranean saltmarshes.3.
Zahra Ghasemi Seyed Majid Ghaderian Beatriz Rodríguez-Garrido Ángeles Prieto-Fernández Petra Susan Kidd 《Plant and Soil》2018,425(1-2):265-285
Aims
To investigate the effects of fertilization and bacterial inoculation on the growth, health and Ni phytoextraction capacity of three Ni-hyperaccumulators, Odontarrhena bracteata, O. inflata and O. serpyllifolia.Methods
Plants were grown for three months in serpentine soil fertilized with inorganic NPK or amended with cow manure and inoculated with five rhizobacterial strains (previously isolated from O. serpyllifolia). Shoot and root dry weight (DW) yields, Ni accumulation and removal, nutritive status and stress indicators were determined.Results
Plants grown in manure-amended soil showed significantly higher DW yields, improved nutritive status and higher total Ni phytoextracted. Some bacterial inoculants enhanced Ni removal due to the stimulation in growth and/or increase in shoot Ni concentration but this depended on the plant species, soil type and inoculant. Pseudoarthrobacter oxydans strain SBA82 enhanced shoot DW yield of all three Odontarrhena spp. in at least one soil type. Paenarthrobacter sp. strain LA44 and Stenotrophomonas sp. strain MA98 promoted growth of O. serpyllifolia and O. bracteata. Inoculated plants showing growth promotion presented lower activities of antioxidative enzymes, and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2, indicating a protective effect of these inoculants on the plants.Conclusion
Rhizobacterial inoculants applied in combination with manure can improve plant growth and health, and Ni phytoextraction, in some hyperaccumulating Odontarrhena spp.4.
Aims
The mechanisms underlying magnesium (Mg) uptake by plant roots remain to be fully elucidated. In particular, there is little information about the effects of Mg deficiency on Mg uptake activity. A Mg uptake kinetic study is essential for better understanding the Mg uptake system.Methods
We performed a Mg uptake tracer experiment in rice plants using 28?Mg.Results
Mg uptake was mediated by high- and low-affinity transport systems. The K m value of the high-affinity transport system was approximately 70 μM under Mg-deficient conditions. The Mg uptake activity was promoted by Mg deficiency, which in turn fell to the basal level after 5- min of Mg resupply. The induced uptake rate was inhibited by ionophore treatment, suggesting that an energy-dependent uptake system is enhanced by Mg deficiency.Conclusions
The Mg uptake changes rapidly with Mg conditions in rice, as revealed by a 28?Mg tracer experiment. This technique is expected to be applicable for Mg uptake analyses, particularly in mutants or other lines.5.
Korey J. Brownstein Mahmoud Gargouri William R. Folk David R. Gang 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):133
Introduction
Botanicals containing iridoid and phenylethanoid/phenylpropanoid glycosides are used worldwide for the treatment of inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions that are primary causes of human years lived with disability, such as arthritis and lower back pain.Objectives
We report the analysis of candidate anti-inflammatory metabolites of several endemic Scrophularia species and Verbascum thapsus used medicinally by peoples of North America.Methods
Leaves, stems, and roots were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed in MetaboAnalyst 3.0 after processing the datasets in Progenesis QI.Results
Comparison of the datasets revealed significant and differential accumulation of iridoid and phenylethanoid/phenylpropanoid glycosides in the tissues of the endemic Scrophularia species and Verbascum thapsus.Conclusions
Our investigation identified several species of pharmacological interest as good sources for harpagoside and other important anti-inflammatory metabolites.6.
Renato de Souza Pinto Lemgruber Kaspar Valgepea Mark P. Hodson Ryan Tappel Sean D. Simpson Michael Köpke Lars K. Nielsen Esteban Marcellin 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(3):35
Introduction
Quantification of tetrahydrofolates (THFs), important metabolites in the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (WLP) of acetogens, is challenging given their sensitivity to oxygen.Objective
To develop a simple anaerobic protocol to enable reliable THFs quantification from bioreactors.Methods
Anaerobic cultures were mixed with anaerobic acetonitrile for extraction. Targeted LC–MS/MS was used for quantification.Results
Tetrahydrofolates can only be quantified if sampled anaerobically. THF levels showed a strong correlation to acetyl-CoA, the end product of the WLP.Conclusion
Our method is useful for relative quantification of THFs across different growth conditions. Absolute quantification of THFs requires the use of labelled standards.7.
Margarita Stritzler Ana Diez Tissera Gabriela Soto Nicolás Ayub 《Biotechnology letters》2018,40(9-10):1419-1423
Objectives
Identification of novel microbial factors contributing to plant protection against abiotic stress.Results
The genome of plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens FR1 contains a short mobile element encoding a novel type of extracellular polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) polymerase (PhbC) associated with a type I secretion system. Genetic analysis using a phbC mutant strain and plants showed that this novel extracellular enzyme is related to the PHB production in planta and suggests that PHB could be a beneficial microbial compound synthesized during plant adaptation to cold stress.Conclusion
Extracellular PhbC can be used as a new tool for improve crop production under abiotic stress.8.
Nadine Strehmel David Strunk Veronika Strehmel 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):135
Introduction
Aqueous–methanol mixtures have successfully been applied to extract a broad range of metabolites from plant tissue. However, a certain amount of material remains insoluble.Objectives
To enlarge the metabolic compendium, two ionic liquids were selected to extract the methanol insoluble part of trunk from Betula pendula.Methods
The extracted compounds were analyzed by LC/MS and GC/MS.Results
The results show that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (IL-Ac) predominantly resulted in fatty acids, whereas 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate (IL-Tos) mostly yielded phenolic structures. Interestingly, bark yielded more ionic liquid soluble metabolites compared to interior wood.Conclusion
From this one can conclude that the application of ionic liquids may expand the metabolic snapshot.9.
Nicholas J. Bond Albert Koulman Julian L. Griffin Zoe Hall 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):128
Introduction
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) experiments result in complex multi-dimensional datasets, which require specialist data analysis tools.Objectives
We have developed massPix—an R package for analysing and interpreting data from MSI of lipids in tissue.Methods
massPix produces single ion images, performs multivariate statistics and provides putative lipid annotations based on accurate mass matching against generated lipid libraries.Results
Classification of tissue regions with high spectral similarly can be carried out by principal components analysis (PCA) or k-means clustering.Conclusion
massPix is an open-source tool for the analysis and statistical interpretation of MSI data, and is particularly useful for lipidomics applications.10.
Thijs Welle Anna T. Hoekstra Ineke A. J. J. M. Daemen Celia R. Berkers Matheus O. Costa 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(7):83
Introduction
Swine dysentery caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is a production limiting disease in pig farming. Currently antimicrobial therapy is the only treatment and control method available.Objective
The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolic response of porcine colon explants to infection by B. hyodysenteriae.Methods
Porcine colon explants exposed to B. hyodysenteriae were analyzed for histopathological, metabolic and pro-inflammatory gene expression changes.Results
Significant epithelial necrosis, increased levels of l-citrulline and IL-1α were observed on explants infected with B. hyodysenteriae.Conclusions
The spirochete induces necrosis in vitro likely through an inflammatory process mediated by IL-1α and NO.11.
12.
Dawei Jiang Yunchao Liu Aiping Wang Gaiping Zhang Guoyu Yang Yumei Chen Pengchao Ji Chang Liu Yapeng Song Yunfang Su Guoqiang Wang Jucai Wang Baolei Zhao Ruiguang Deng 《Biotechnology letters》2016,38(6):901-908
Objectives
To improve the expression of soluble IBDV VP2 protein by using different tagged vectors in Escherichia coli.Results
Fusion tags, Grifin, MBP, SUMO, thioredoxin, γ-crystallin, ArsC and PpiB, enhanced the expression and solubility of VP2 protein. The fusion proteins were purified by Ni–NTA chromatography, MBP-VP2 showed the highest purity about 90 %. After removing the MBP tag, VP2 self-assembled into virus-like particles, ~25 nm diam. Results from AGP suggested the recombinant IBDV VP2 protein identified by reference serum like IBDV.Conclusion
All the seven tags enhanced the expression and solubility of IBDV VP2 protein. The recombinant protein self-assembly into virus like particles and possess antigenicity as reference IBDV.13.
Background
The adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum parasitized red blood cell (PRBC) to human endothelial cells (EC) induces inflammatory processes, coagulation cascades, oxidative stress and apoptosis. These pathological processes are suspected to be responsible for the blood-brain-barrier and other organs' endothelial dysfunctions observed in fatal cases of malaria. Atorvastatin, a drug that belongs to the lowering cholesterol molecule family of statins, has been shown to ameliorate endothelial functions and is widely used in patients with cardiovascular disorders.Methods
The effect of this compound on PRBC induced endothelial impairments was assessed using endothelial co-culture models.Results
Atorvastatin pre-treatment of EC was found to reduce the expression of adhesion molecules and P. falciparum cytoadherence, to protect cells against PRBC-induced apoptosis and to enhance endothelial monolayer integrity during co-incubation with parasites.Conclusions
These results might suggest a potential interest use of atorvastatin as a protective treatment to interfere with the pathophysiological cascades leading to severe malaria.14.
Tie-juan Shao Zhi-xing He Zhi-jun Xie Hai-chang Li Mei-jiao Wang Cheng-ping Wen 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(4):70
Introduction
The differences in fecal metabolome between ankylosing spondylitis (AS)/rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy individuals could be the reason for an autoimmune disorder.Objectives
The study explored the fecal metabolome difference between AS/RA patients and healthy controls to clarify human immune disturbance.Methods
Fecal samples from 109 individuals (healthy controls 34, AS 40, and RA 35) were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Data were analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant (OPLS-DA) analysis.Results
Significant differences in the fecal metabolic profiles could distinguish AS/RA patients from healthy controls but could not distinguish between AS and RA patients. The significantly decreased metabolites in AS/RA patients were butyrate, propionate, methionine, and hypoxanthine. Significantly increased metabolites in AS/RA patients were taurine, methanol, fumarate, and tryptophan.Conclusion
The metabolome variations in feces indicated AS and RA were two homologous diseases that could not be distinguished by 1H NMR metabolomics.15.
Background
The present study elucidates the protective potential of bromelain against dichlorvos intoxication in mice brains. Dichlorvos induces the oxidative stress by disproportionating the balance between free radicals generation and their scavenging in neurons which leads to neuronal degeneration.Methods
In this study, mice were divided into four groups-group I (control), group II (dichlorvos treated), group III (bromelain treated) and group IV (exposed to both bromelain and dichlorvos both).Results
Dichlorvos treatment increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl content (PCC) which indicate the increased oxidative stress. Meanwhile, brain endogenous antioxidants and cholinesterases level was decreased after dichlorvos exposure. Levels of TBARS and PCC decreased whereas cholinesterases level was recorded to be elevated after bromelain exposure.Conclusion
Bromelain offered neuroprotection by decreasing oxidative stress and augmenting cholinesterases in mice brains. This study highlights the invulnerability of bromelain against oxidative and cholinergic deficits in mice brains.16.
N. Cesbron A.-L. Royer Y. Guitton A. Sydor B. Le Bizec G. Dervilly-Pinel 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(8):99
Introduction
Collecting feces is easy. It offers direct outcome to endogenous and microbial metabolites.Objectives
In a context of lack of consensus about fecal sample preparation, especially in animal species, we developed a robust protocol allowing untargeted LC-HRMS fingerprinting.Methods
The conditions of extraction (quantity, preparation, solvents, dilutions) were investigated in bovine feces.Results
A rapid and simple protocol involving feces extraction with methanol (1/3, M/V) followed by centrifugation and a step filtration (10 kDa) was developed.Conclusion
The workflow generated repeatable and informative fingerprints for robust metabolome characterization.17.
Background
Fatigue can be triggered by previous perceived stress which may lead to impairment of performance and function. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between fatigue and perceived stress.Method
Health determinants including sociodemographic factors for associations between fatigue and perceived stress in the general population (N = 2,483) are outlined. Fatigue and stress were assessed with the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS) and the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ).Results
Within the general population, 25.9% of male and 34.5% of female respondents reported moderate fatigue during the last six months; 9.7% of subjects reported substantial fatigue lasting six months or longer. An adjusted regression analysis (R2corr = .28, p < .001) showed that fatigue is highest associated with perceived stress and self-perceived health status. The following factors were correlated with increased rates of fatigue and perceived stress: female gender, divorce/separation, low social class and poor health status.Conclusion
We conclude that the two conditions overlap most in terms of socio-economic status and self-perceived health status.18.
Emilio Badalamenti Luciano Gristina Vito Armando Laudicina Agata Novara Salvatore Pasta Tommaso La Mantia 《Plant and Soil》2016,409(1-2):19-34
Background and aims
Carpobrotus spp. are amongst the most impactful and widespread plant invaders of Mediterranean habitats. Despite the negative ecological impacts on soil and vegetation that have been documented, information is still limited about the effect by Carpobrotus on soil microbial communities. We aimed to assess the changes in the floristic, soil and microbial parameters following the invasion by Carpobrotus cfr. acinaciformis within an insular Mediterranean ecosystem.Methods
Within three study areas a paired-site approach, comparing an invaded vs. a non-invaded plot, was established. Within each plot biodiversity indexes, C and N soil content, pH and microbial biomass and structure (bacterial and fungal) were assessed.Results
Invaded plots showed a decrease of α-species richness and diversity. The least represented plant species in invaded plots were those related to grassland habitats. In all invaded soils, a significant increase of carbon and nitrogen content and a significant decrease of pH were registered. Carpobrotus significantly increased bacterial and fungal biomass and altered soil microbial structure, particularly favoring fungal growth.Conclusions
Carpobrotus may deeply impact edaphic properties and microbial communities and, in turn, these strong modifications probably increase its invasive potential and its ability to overcome native species, by preventing their natural regeneration.19.
Objectives
To clone and express a neopullulanase gene from Lactobacillus mucosae LM1 in Escherichia coli and characterise the resulting recombinant neopullulanase.Results
An ORF in L. mucosae corresponding to a neopullulanase was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The predicted amino acid sequence of the neopullulanase contained catalytic sites and conserved motifs that are present in members of the neopullulanase subfamily. The resulting recombinant neopullulanase was efficiently purified by Ni–NTA affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme optimally hydrolyses pullulan at 37 °C and pH 6.0, producing panose as the major reaction product.Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the cloning, expression and characterisation of a neopullulanase gene from a lactic acid bacterium.20.