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1.
《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2013,32(4):263-266
We compared concentrations of nucleotide substrates and activities of enzymes of nucleotide metabolism in pig and human blood, heart, and kidney. The most important difference was lower ecto-5′-nucleotidase (E5′N) activity in both pig hearts and kidney. Furthermore, higher hypoxanthine, inosine, adenine, and uracil, but lower uridine and uric acid concentrations were observed in pig blood as compared to human. A twofold increase in UTP concentration has been observed in pig hearts following 4 h perfusion with human blood. Purine metabolism is an important target for genetic and pharmacological manipulation during xenotransplantations. 相似文献
2.
Khalpey Z Yuen AH Lavitrano M McGregor CG Kalsi KK Yacoub MH Smolenski RT 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2007,304(1-2):109-117
Acute humoral rejection (AHR) limits the clinical application of animal organs for xenotransplantation. Mammalian disparities
in nucleotide metabolism may contribute significantly to the microvascular component in AHR; these, however remain ill-defined.
We evaluated the extent of species-specific differences in nucleotide metabolism. HPLC analysis was performed on venous blood
samples (nucleotide metabolites) and heart biopsies (purine enzymes) from wild type mice, rats, pigs, baboons, and human donors.
Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (E5′N) activities were 4-fold lower in pigs and baboon hearts compared to human and mice hearts while
rat activity was highest. Similar differences between pigs and humans were also observed with kidneys and endothelial cells.
More than 10-fold differences were observed with other purine enzymes. AMP deaminase (AMPD) activity was exceptionally high
in mice but very low in pig and baboon hearts. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was highest in baboons. Adenosine kinase
(AK) activity was more consistent across different species. Pig blood had the highest levels of hypoxanthine, inosine and
adenine. Human blood uric acid concentration was almost 100 times higher than in other species studied.
We conclude that species-specific differences in nucleotide metabolism may affect compatibility of pig organs within a human
metabolic environment. Furthermore, nucleotide metabolic mismatches may affect clinical relevance of animal organ transplant
models. Supplementation of deficient precursors or application of inhibitors of nucleotide metabolism (e.g., allopurinol)
or transgenic upregulation of E5'N may overcome some of these differences. 相似文献
3.
A. H. Y. Yuen Z. Khalpey M. Lavitrano C. G. A. McGregor K. K. Kalsi M. H. Yacoub 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2013,32(9-11):1221-1224
Xenotransplantation is one be possible solution for a severe shortage of human organs available for transplantation. However, only a few studies addressed metabolic compatibility of transplanted animal organs. Our aim was to compare activities of adenosine metabolizing enzymes in the heart of different species that are relevant to clinical or experimental xenotransplantation. We noted fundamental differences: ecto-5′nucleotidease (E5′N) activity was 4-fold lower in pig and baboon hearts compared to the human hearts while mouse activity was compatible with human and rat activity was three times higher than human. There also were significant differences in AMP-deaminase (AMPD), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activities. We conclude that differences in nucleotide metabolism may contribute to organ dysfunction after xenotransplantation. 相似文献
4.
Yuen AH Khalpey Z Lavitrano M McGregor CG Kalsi KK Yacoub MH Smolenski RT 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2006,25(9-11):1221-1224
Xenotransplantation is one be possible solution for a severe shortage of human organs available for transplantation. However, only a few studies addressed metabolic compatibility of transplanted animal organs. Our aim was to compare activities of adenosine metabolizing enzymes in the heart of different species that are relevant to clinical or experimental xenotransplantation. We noted fundamental differences: ecto-5' nucleotidease (E5' N) activity was 4-fold lower in pig and baboon hearts compared to the human hearts while mouse activity was compatible with human and rat activity was three times higher than human. There also were significant differences in AMP-deaminase (AMPD), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activities. We conclude that differences in nucleotide metabolism may contribute to organ dysfunction after xenotransplantation. 相似文献
5.
M Livio C Chiabrando D Macconi A Benigni M Zimei M T De Pietro G Remuzzi 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1988,961(1):110-121
Arachidonic acid metabolism in isolated glomeruli from pig kidney was investigated. Arachidonic acid metabolism via cyclooxygenase was studied by three different methodological approaches: radioimmunoassay (RIA), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). By all these techniques, the major prostaglandins (PG) formed by pig glomeruli appeared to be 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGF2 alpha, the former being the most abundant. RIA and GC-MS also detected lower amounts of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and PGE2. This emphasises the similarity with human glomeruli, in which the main cyclooxygenase product has indeed been reported to be 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. The lipoxygenase activity in isolated pig glomeruli, as studied by HPLC, generated 15-HETE, 12-HETE and 5-HETE. These data demonstrate that isolated glomeruli from pig kidney possess cyclooxygenase as well as lipoxygenase activity. Since a marked functional similarity exists between human and pig kidney, the pig can be regarded as a good model for studying the influence of arachidonic acid metabolites on glomerular pathophysiology. 相似文献
6.
Iwona Rybakowska Pawel Romaszko Magdalena Zabielska Jacek Turyn Krystian Kaletha Paul J. Barton 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2014,33(4-6):319-322
Recent findings suggest that inhibition of AMP-deaminase (AMPD) could be effective therapeutic strategy in heart disease associated with cardiac ischemia. To establish experimental model to study protective mechanisms of AMPD inhibition we developed conditional, cardiac specific knock-outs in Cre recombinase system. AMPD3 floxed mice were crossed with Mer-Cre-Mer mice. Tamoxifen was injected to induce Cre recombinase. After two weeks, hearts, skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, and blood were collected and activities of AMPD and related enzymes were analyzed using HPLC-based procedure. We demonstrate loss of more than 90% of cardiac AMPD activity in the heart of AMPD3 -/- mice while other enzymes of nucleotide metabolism such as adenosine deaminase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase were not affected. Surprisingly, activity of AMPD was also reduced in the erythrocytes and in the kidney by 20%–30%. No change of AMPD activity was observed in the skeletal muscle and the liver. 相似文献
7.
The uptake kinetics of nitrobenzyl thioinosine (NBTI), a nucleoside transport inhibitor, was studied in the isolated Langendorf-perfused guinea pig and rat hearts. In rats the rate constant of NBTI uptake was higher and the extent of NBTI accumulation was less than in guinea pig hearts. Heart-accumulated NBTI inhibited the total release of adenine nucleotide degradation products (ANDP) during reperfusion 25 min after global ischemia. The effect was more pronounced in guinea-pig hearts-in accordance with observed higher myocardial concentration of NBTI. Unlike other ANDP, the release adenosine by guinea-pig hearts was unchanged and that by rat hearts increased. In spite of significant NBTI-induced decrease of ANDP losses recovery of contractile function during reperfusion was not observed to improve. 相似文献
8.
Khalpey Z Kalsi K Yuen A Karbowska J Kochan Z Slominska EM Forni M Bacci M Macherini M Batten P Lavitrano M Yacoub MH Smolenski RT 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2005,24(4):271-274
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (E5'N) is an extracellular enzyme forming anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive adenosine. We evaluated whether confrontation of pig heart and endothelial cells with human blood changes the activity of E5'N. Pig hearts were perfused ex vivo with fresh human blood for 4 h. Pig aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) were incubated in vitro with human plasma for 3 h. Ex vivo perfusion of pig heart with fresh human blood resulted in a decrease in E5'N activity to 62% and 61% of initial in wild-type and transgenic pig hearts, respectively. PAEC activity of E5'N decreased to 71% and 50% of initial after 3 h exposure to heat-inactivated and active complement human plasma, respectively, while it remained constant in controls. Pig heart activity of E5'N decreased following exposure to human blood, which may affect adenosine production and exacerbate hyperacute and vascular rejection. 相似文献
9.
Cao D Leffert JJ McCabe J Kim B Pizzorno G 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2005,280(22):21169-21175
We report in the present study the critical role of uridine phosphorylase (UPase) in uridine homeostatic regulation and pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism, employing newly developed UPase-/- mice. Our data demonstrate that the abrogation of UPase activity led to greater than a 6-fold increase in uridine concentrations in plasma, a 5-6-fold increase in lung and gut, and a 2-3-fold increase in liver and kidney, as compared with wild type mice. Urine uridine levels increased 24-fold normal in UPase-/- mice. Uridine half-life and the plasma retention of pharmacological doses of uridine were significantly prolonged. Further, in these UPase-/- mice, abnormal uridine metabolism led to disorders of various nucleotide metabolisms. In the liver, gut, kidney, and lung of UPase-/- mice, total uridine ribonucleotide concentrations increased 2-3 times as compared with control mice. Cytidine ribonucleotides and adenosine and guanosine ribonucleotides also increased, although to a lesser extent, in these organs. Most significant deoxyribonucleotide changes were present in the gut and lung of UPase-/- mice. In these tissues, dTTP concentration increased more than 4-fold normal, and dCTP, dGTP, and dATP concentrations rose 1-2 times normal. In kidney, dTTP concentration increased 2-fold normal, and dCTP and dGTP concentrations rose less than 1-fold normal. In addition, the accumulated uridine in plasma and tissues efficiently reduced 5-fluorouracil host toxicity and altered the anesthetic effect of pentobarbital. These data indicate that UPase is a critical enzyme in the regulation of uridine homeostasis and pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism, and 5-fluorouracil activity. 相似文献
10.
《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology》1995,110(2):131-138
The metabolism of iron and copper in male Nagase analbuminaemic (NA) and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was compared. Relative liver weight was higher and spleen weight significantly lower in NA than SD rats. In NA rats, red blood cell count, haemoglobin and haematocrit were lower, whereas plasma transferrin, total iron-binding capacity and mean corpuscular haemoglobin were higher when compared with SD rats. Iron concentrations in plasma, liver, kidneys and heart were higher, and those in the spleen and tibia were lower, in NA rats. The iron concentrations in liver and spleen were positively correlated with the amount of brown pigment as observed histopathologically. Bile flow as well as biliary iron and copper excretion were higher in NA than SD rats. Copper concentrations in liver, kidneys and plasma were higher in NA rats. Plasma levels of ceruloplasmin were about two-fold higher in NA rats. The feeding of a high-iron diet reduced kidney copper concentrations in both strains of rats, which was associated with a decrease in the absorption and biliary excretion of copper. 相似文献
11.
Gene expression of D-amino acid oxidase in rabbit kidney 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Although D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) [EC 1.4.3.3] activity in rabbit kidney extract was undetectable, protein immunoreactive toward rabbit anti-pig kidney DAO antiserum and RNAs that hybridized with fragments of human and pig DAO cDNAs were detected distinctly in the rabbit kidney. A cDNA clone, RD22, was isolated from the rabbit kidney cDNA library by hybridization with a fragment of human DAO cDNA. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed a 2,018 nucleotide sequence encoding a protein consisted of 347 amino acids. The number of amino acid residues was identical with those of human and pig DAOs, and the amino acid sequence showed 80 and 83% identity with pig and human DAOs, respectively. RNAs that hybridized with RD22 DNA fragment also existed in rabbit kidney, and their sizes were the same as those of the RNAs detected with the human and pig DAO cDNA fragments. RD22-derived protein was hardly synthesized by an in vitro expression system. However, a cDNA fragment lacking most of the 5'-untranslated region and its mutants containing base changes around the initiation codon did direct protein synthesis. Moreover, the protein derived from the partial cDNA fragment containing a large part of the coding region sequence showed immunoreactivity toward anti-pig DAO antiserum. The results suggest that one of the causes of the very poor synthesis of DAO protein in rabbit kidney is translational suppression in the synthetic process. 相似文献
12.
Khalpey Z Yuen AH Kalsi KK Kochan Z Karbowska J Slominska EM Forni M Macherini M Bacci ML Batten P Lavitrano M Yacoub MH Smolenski RT 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2005,1741(1-2):191-198
The endothelial cell surface expression of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (E5'N, CD73) is thought to be essential for the extracellular formation of cytoprotective, anti-thrombotic and immunosuppressive adenosine. Decreased E5'N activity may play a role in xenograft acute vascular rejection, preventing accommodation and tolerance mechanisms. We investigated the extent of changes in E5'N activity and other enzymes of purine metabolism in porcine hearts or endothelial cells when exposed to human blood or plasma and studied the role of humoral immunity in this context. Pig hearts, wild type (WT, n = 6) and transgenic (T, n = 5) for human decay accelerating factor (hDAF), were perfused ex vivo with fresh human blood for 4 h. Pig aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) were exposed for 3 h to autologous porcine plasma (PP), normal (NHP) or heat inactivated human plasma (HHP), with and without C1-inhibitor. Enzyme activities were measured in heart or endothelial cell homogenates with an HPLC based procedure. The baseline activity of E5'N in WT and T porcine hearts were 6.60 +/- 0.33 nmol/min/mg protein and 8.54 +/- 2.10 nmol/min/mg protein respectively (P < 0.01). Ex vivo perfusion of pig hearts with fresh human blood for 4 h resulted in a decrease in E5'N activity to 4.01 +/- 0.32 and 4.52 +/- 0.52 nmol/min/mg protein (P < 0.001) in WT and T hearts respectively, despite attenuation of hyperacute rejection in transgenic pigs. The initial PAEC activity of E5'N was 9.10 +/- 1.40 nmol/min/mg protein. Activity decreased to 6.76 +/- 0.57 and 4.58 +/- 0.47 nmol/min/mg protein (P < 0.01) after 3 h exposure of HHP and NHP respectively (P < 0.05), whereas it remained unchanged at 9.62 +/- 0.88 nmol/min/mg protein when incubated with PP controls. C1-inhibitor partially preserved E5'N activity, similar to the effect of HHP. Adenosine deaminase, adenosine kinase and AMP deaminase (other enzymes of purine metabolism) showed a downward trend in activity, but none were statistically significant. We demonstrate a specific decrease in E5'N activity in pig hearts following exposure to human blood which impairs adenosine production resulting in a loss of a cytoprotective phenotype, contributing to xenograft rejection. This effect is triggered by human humoral immune responses, and complement contributes but does not fully mediate E5'N depletion. 相似文献
13.
Riess ML Camara AK Chen Q Novalija E Rhodes SS Stowe DF 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2002,283(1):H53-H60
NADH increases during ischemia because O(2) shortage limits NADH oxidation at the electron transport chain. Ischemic (IPC) and anesthetic preconditioning (APC) attenuate cardiac reperfusion injury. We examined whether IPC and APC similarly alter NADH, i.e., mitochondrial metabolism. NADH fluorescence was measured at the left ventricular wall of 40 Langendorff-prepared guinea pig hearts. IPC was achieved by two 5-min periods of ischemia and APC by exposure to 0.5 or 1.3 mM sevoflurane for 15 min, each ending 30 min before 30 min of global ischemia. During ischemia, NADH initially increased in nonpreconditioned control hearts and then gradually declined below baseline levels. This increase in NADH was lower after APC but not after IPC. The subsequent decline was slower after IPC and APC. On reperfusion, NADH was less decreased after IPC or APC, mechanical and metabolic functions were improved, and infarct size was lower compared with controls. Our results indicate that IPC and APC cause distinctive changes in mitochondrial metabolism during ischemia and thus lead to improved function and tissue viability on reperfusion. 相似文献
14.
We examined the effect of hypothermia and rewarming on myocardial function and calcium control in Langendorff-perfused hearts from rat and guinea pig. Both rat and guinea pig hearts demonstrated a rise in myocardial calcium ([Ca]total) in response to hypothermic perfusion (40 min, 10 degrees C), which was accompanied by an increase in left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP). The elevation in [Ca]total was severalfold higher in guinea pig than in rat hearts, reaching 12.9 +/- 0.8 and 3.1 +/- 0.6 micromol.g dry wt-1, respectively. The rise in LVEDP, however, was comparable in the two species: 62.5 +/- 2.5 (guinea pig) and 52.5 +/- 5.1 mm Hg (rat). Following rewarming, [Ca]total remained elevated in guinea pig, whereas a moderate decline in [Ca]total was observed in the rat (13.6 +/- 1.9 and 2.2 +/- 0.3 micromol.g dry wt-1, respectively). Posthypothermic values of LVEDP were also significantly higher in guinea pig compared to rat hearts (42.5 +/- 6.8 vs 20.5 +/- 5.1 mm Hg, P < 0.027). Furthermore, whereas rat hearts demonstrated a 78 +/- 7% recovery of left ventricular developed pressure, there was only a 15 +/- 7% recovery in guinea pig hearts. Measurements of tissue levels of high energy phosphates and glycogen utilization indicated a higher metabolic requirement in guinea pig than in rat hearts in order to oppose the hypothermia-induced calcium load. Thus, we conclude that isolated guinea pig hearts are more sensitive to a hypothermic insult than rat hearts. 相似文献
15.
Oladipo Ademuyiwa Rakhi Agarwal Ramesh Chandra Jai Raj Behari 《Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology》2010,24(3):207-211
Information about the health risks or the subtle adverse health effects that might be associated with low-level lead exposure on micronutrient metabolism are scarce in the literature. The present work investigated the subtle adverse health effects of exposure to progressively low levels of lead on the metabolism of two micronutrients, copper and zinc in different tissues of the rat. Rats were exposed to 200, 300 and 400 ppm lead in their drinking water for 12 weeks. Lead, copper and zinc concentrations were determined in blood, liver, kidney, heart, spleen and brain of the animals. While the imbalance in zinc metabolism was characterized by a deposition of zinc in the kidney and to a lesser extent in the heart of the animals, imbalance in copper metabolism was characterized by a depletion of blood and splenic copper concentrations as well as renal and cardiac accumulation of copper. Hepatic and brain copper and zinc contents, together with blood zinc were not affected by the 12-week lead exposure. A linear relationship was observed between lead dose and lead accumulation in the spleen, whereas a non-linear relationship was observed between lead dose and lead accumulation in blood, liver, kidney and heart. Our findings indicate that exposure to progressively low-level lead concentrations results in imbalance in copper and zinc in the organism and this might be a factor in propensity toward behavioral disorders observed in lead exposure. 相似文献
16.
Merrifield CA Lewis M Claus SP Beckonert OP Dumas ME Duncker S Kochhar S Rezzi S Lindon JC Bailey M Holmes E Nicholson JK 《Molecular bioSystems》2011,7(9):2577-2588
The pig is a single-stomached omnivorous mammal and is an important model of human disease and nutrition. As such, it is necessary to establish a metabolic framework from which pathology-based variation can be compared. Here, a combination of one and two-dimensional (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR was used to provide a systems overview of porcine metabolism via characterisation of the urine, serum, liver and kidney metabolomes. The metabolites observed in each of these biological compartments were found to be qualitatively comparable to the metabolic signature of the same biological matrices in humans and rodents. The data were modelled using a combination of principal components analysis and Venn diagram mapping. Urine represented the most metabolically distinct biological compartment studied, with a relatively greater number of NMR detectable metabolites present, many of which are implicated in gut-microbial co-metabolic processes. The major inter-species differences observed were in the phase II conjugation of extra-genomic metabolites; the pig was observed to conjugate p-cresol, a gut microbial metabolite of tyrosine, with glucuronide rather than sulfate as seen in man. These observations are important to note when considering the translatability of experimental data derived from porcine models. 相似文献
17.
Robinzon B Michael KK Ripp SL Winters SJ Prough RA 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》2003,412(2):251-258
The cytochrome p450-dependent formation and subsequent interconversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) metabolites 7 alpha-hydroxy-DHEA (7 alpha-OH-DHEA), 7 beta-hydroxy-DHEA (7 beta-OH-DHEA), and 7-oxo-DHEA was observed in human, pig, and rat liver microsomal fractions. Rat liver mitochondria and nuclei also converted DHEA to 7 alpha-OH-DHEA and 7-oxo-DHEA, but at a lower rate. With NADP(+), and less so with NAD(+), rat, pig, and human liver microsomes and rat liver mitochondria and nuclei converted 7 alpha-OH-DHEA to 7-oxo-DHEA. This reaction was inhibited by corticosterone and the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 betaHSD) inhibitor carbenoxolone (CBX). The conversion of 7 alpha-OH-DHEA to 7-oxo-DHEA by rat kidney occurred at higher rates with NAD(+) than with NADP(+) and was inhibited by corticosterone. With NADPH, 7-oxo-DHEA was converted to unidentified hydroxylated metabolites and low levels of 7 alpha-OH-DHEA by rat liver microsomes. In contrast, pig liver microsomal fractions reduced 7-oxo-DHEA to nearly equal amounts of 7 alpha- and 7 beta-OH-DHEA, while human fractions produced mainly 7 beta-OH-DHEA. Dehydrocorticosterone inhibited the reduction to both isomers by pig liver microsomes, but only to 7 alpha-OH-DHEA by human microsomes; CBX inhibited both reactions. Rat kidney did not reduce 7-oxo-DHEA with either NADPH or NADH. These results demonstrate that DHEA is first converted in liver to 7 alpha-OH-DHEA, which is subsequently oxidized to 7-oxo-DHEA in both liver and kidney. In liver, interconversion of 7-oxo-DHEA and 7-OH-DHEA isomers is largely catalyzed by 11 betaHSD1, while in kidney 11 betaHSD2 (NAD(+)-dependent) and 11 betaHSD3 (NADP(+)-dependent) likely catalyze the unidirectional oxidation of 7 alpha-hydroxy-DHEA to 7-oxo-DHEA. Distinct species-specific routes of metabolism of DHEA and the interconversion of its metabolites obviate extrapolation of animal studies to humans. 相似文献
18.
Exercise improves plasma lipid profiles and modifies lipoprotein composition in guinea pigs 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
These studies were conducted to determine the effects of exercise training on plasma lipoprotein levels and metabolism in the guinea pig to evaluate potential utilization of this model for studies of exercise-mediated effects on the regulation of sterol and lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis regression. Male guinea pigs (n = 5 per group) were randomly assigned to either a control or an exercise group. The exercise protocol consisted of a 7-week training program, 5 days/wk on a rodent treadmill. Final speed and duration were 33 meters/min for 30–40 min per session. Guinea pigs in the exercise group had 33% lower plasma triacylglycerol concentrations (P < 0.01), 66% higher HDL cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) and 31% lower plasma free fatty acids (P < 0.05) than guinea pigs from the non-exercised group. In addition, lipoprotein lipase activity in the heart was 50% higher (P < 0.025) in guinea pigs allocated to the exercise protocol. Exercise training resulted in modifications in composition and size of lipoproteins. The concentrations of free cholesterol in LDL and HDL were higher in the exercised guinea pigs. The LDL peak density values were lower in guinea pigs from the exercise group compared to controls suggesting that exercise training resulted in larger LDL particles. In contrast, no significant effects due to exercise were observed in hepatic cholesterol concentrations, hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity or LDL binding to guinea pig hepatic membranes. These data indicate that exercise had a more pronounced effect on the intravascular processing of lipoproteins than on hepatic cholesterol metabolism. In addition, the pattern of changes in guinea pig lipoprotein metabolism, in response to exercise training, was similar to reported effects in humans. 相似文献
19.
20.
Yoshizaki T Ohtani K Motomura W Jang SJ Mori K Kitamoto N Yoshida I Suzuki Y Wakamiya N 《Journal of biochemistry》2012,151(1):57-64
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) was first discovered as a collectin in animal blood, and was shown to have such unique characteristics as a collage-like domain and a carbohydrate recognition domain. We recently identified human collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1, COLEC11) from a human kidney cDNA library. To quantitate the CL-K1 concentration in blood, we developed several polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies using recombinant human CL-K1 in CHO cells and the CL-K1 fragment in Escherichia coli. Using these antibodies, we established a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. The concentration of CL-K1 in human plasma was 0.34 ± 0.13 μg/ml and that in MBL was 1.72 ± 1.51 μg/ml. Concentrations of MBL are often low due to its single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which seem to be related to an opsonic defect. However, no low concentrations of CL-K1 were observed on testing over two hundred blood samples. We also found that the blood concentration of CL-K1 was not dependent on gender or age and did not correlate completely with that of MBL. The ELISA system developed in this study will be useful for elucidating the physiological and pathophysiological role of CL-K1 in humans. 相似文献