东北地区野豌豆属VICIA L.物种生物学研究——Ⅵ.柳叶野豌豆复合种及其近缘种核型分析和细胞地理学研究

本文报道了国产北野豌豆Vicia ramuliflra(Maxim.)Ohwi和日本产V.fauviei Franch.和V.nipponica Matsum.的核型。北野豌豆古莲居群2n=12=2m(2SAT)+8sm+2st, 千山居群2n=12=6m+6sm。V.fauriei 2n=12=2m+8sm+2st, V.nipponica 2n=12=6m(4SAT)+4sm+2st, 核型分析表明核型主要由'm'、'sm'和'st'三种染色体组成, 核型对称性高(2A或3A)。染色体倍性分布格局, 形态特征和现代分布式样揭示黄山-西天目山-庐山-带山地可能是柳叶野豌豆复合种及其近缘种的起源中心和多样化中心, 四倍体的发生可能与第四纪山地冰川有关。     

Molecular tools confirm natural Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis/L. (V.) shawi hybrids causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon region of Brazil

Seven isolates from patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon region of Brazil were phenotypically suggestive of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis/L. (V.) shawi hybrids. In this work, two molecular targets were employed to check the hybrid identity of the putative hybrids. Heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene sequences were analyzed by three different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches, and two different patterns of inherited hsp70 alleles were found. Three isolates presented heterozygous L. (V.) guyanensis/L. (V.) shawi patterns, and four presented homozygous hsp70 patterns involving only L. (V.) shawi alleles. The amplicon sequences confirmed the RFLP patterns. The high-resolution melting method detected variant heterozygous and homozygous profiles. Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping/cleaved amplified polymorphic site analysis suggested a higher contribution from L. (V.) guyanensis in hsp70 heterozygous hybrids. Additionally, PCR-RFLP analysis targeting the enzyme mannose phosphate isomerase (mpi) gene indicated heterozygous and homozygous cleavage patterns for L. (V.) shawi and L. (V.) guyanensis, corroborating the hsp70 findings. In this communication, we present molecular findings based on partial informative regions of the coding sequences of hsp70 and mpi as markers confirming that some of the parasite strains from the Brazilian Amazon region are indeed hybrids between L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) shawi.     

八种野豌豆属植物的核型研究

本文研究了八种野豌豆的核型,并首次报道了长尖野豌豆的染色体数目及其核型和新疆野豌豆的核型。同时提出了野豌豆属核型进化的两种趋势:原始基数的减少,从x=7→x=6→x=5;从多年生进化到一年生,核型的不对称性也随之增加。     

Effect of concentrating and exposing the bioluminescent bacteria to the non‐luminescent allo‐bacterial extracellular products on their luminescence

Bioluminescence is a biochemical process occurring in many organisms. Bacterial bioluminescence has been investigated extensively that lead to many applications of such knowledge. Quorum sensing in the bioluminescent bacteria is a chemical signal process to recognize the strength of its own population to start luminescence in harmony. There is a mechanism in these bacteria to also recognize inter‐species strength. When there is a higher number of these bacteria, the possibility and frequency of cell–cell physical contact will be high. In this study, the physical proximity was artificially enhanced between cells and the effect on luminescence in the concentrated cells in the normal culture medium and in the presence of other non‐bacterial cell‐free supernatants was investigated. The role of such physical contact in the quorum sensing in the bioluminescence is not known. Increase in the luminescence of V. fischeri when concentrated shows that the presence of physical proximity facilitates the quorum sensing for their bioluminescence. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

草菇(Volvariella volvacea)、银丝草菇(V.bombycina)原生质体分离研究

本文对草菇、银丝草菇菌丝原生质体制备的最佳条件作了探讨。结果表明,培养两天的草菇菌丝,以0.5MKCI或0.5MMgSO_(4.7)H_2O作渗透压稳定剂,1.5％Lywallzyme(v/m),35℃下酶解1.5—2小时,原生质体产量可达1.5×10~6个/ml以上,培养3天的银丝草菇菌丝,以0.5MKCl作渗透压稳定剂,1.5％Lywallzyme,28℃酶解2—3小时,原生质体产量可达2.8×10~6个/ml以上。此研究对以后的原生质体融合育种打下了基础。     

Discovery of pheophytin function in the photosynthetic energy conversion as the primary electron acceptor of Photosystem II

This minireview describes the discovery of participation of pheophytin, a metal-free derivative of chlorophyll, in the early steps of photosynthetic solar energy conversion as the primary electron acceptor of Photosystem II. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

缬草属一些存疑种的考订

本文对缬草属的3个存疑种进行了考证和确定,它们是:鞭枝缬草Valeriana flagellifera Bet.;全叶缬草V.hiemalis Graebn.;毛口缬草V.trichostoma Hand.-Mazz.     

Ovarian hormones inhibit the release of prostacyclin-like material from isolated rat uterus

The influence of sex steroids on the production of prostacyclin (PGI₂) like material by the isolated rat uterus incubated in a buffer medium was explored by monitoring its ability to inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Chopped uterine strips from rats in natural estrus can generate an unstable substance that inhibits platelet aggregation and suggest to be prostacyclin. This capacity was significantly enhanced in preparations from spayed animals. The injection of 17-beta estradiol; progesterone or both diminished the production of the prostacyclin-like material by the uterus from ovariectomized rats. The already existing notion that ovarian steroids are able to regulate the synthesis of stable prostaglandins is discussed together with the present results suggesting in addition a depressive effect of sex hormones on the uterine PGI₂ synthetase system.     

The effect of estradiol on isolated rat uterine motility and on prostaglandin generation

The motility of isolated uterine horns as well as the generation of PGE and PGF like material by the uterus from estrus and spayed rats, treated or untreated with 17-beta estradicl, were studied. Following 40 minutes of mounting the spontaneous motility of uteri from estrus rats had a lower magnitude than that from spayed ones. The amount of PGF-like material was similar in both groups whereas the first one liberated less PGE-like substance. In spayed animals treated with 1 μg of 17-beta estradiol the decay of spontaneous contractile force was higher than that observed in untreated rats, and similar to that displayed by uteri from estrus. Less PGE-like material was liberated in comparison with spayed animals and a tendency to produce higher quantity of PGF-like compounds was observed, although the level was not significantly different. With 50 μg of 17-beta estradiol the spontaneous reduction of contractile activity was higher than in spayed animals and than in those treated with 1 μg. The amount of PGF-like material liberated was higher than in spayed rats and less PGE-like substance was generated comparing with spayed and 1 μg-treated animals. These findings show that estradiol decreases the release of PGE-like compound. It would also appear that this may have some relationship with the levels of spontaneous contractile activity of the isolated rat uterus.     

油桐和木油数核型的研究

油桐Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw (Aleurites fordii Hemsl.)和木油树V. montana Lour. (A. montana (Lour.) Wils.)为大戟科油桐属Vernicia Lour. 植物,全世界共3种,上述两种为原产我国的重要木本油料植物,长江以南各省(区)广为栽培。细胞学方面,这两个种的染色体计数有过不少报道,均为n=11。本文旨在提供这两种植物核型比较分析的资料,以冀有助于它们选种育种工作。     

Phenotypic and genetic diversity of coexisting Listonella anguillarum, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio chagassi recovered from skin haemorrhages of diseased sand smelt, Atherina boyeri, in the Gulf of Trieste (NE Adriatic Sea)

Aims: This study identified and characterized coexisting Vibrios associated with haemorrhagic skin lesion bearing sand smelt fishes (Atherina boyeri) in north‐eastern Adriatic Sea. Methods and Results: Bacteria were isolated from external skin lesions of four samples, and representative morphotypes grown on thiosulfate–citrate–bile salt–sucrose agar were isolated. In total 25 isolates, presumptively assigned to Vibrio genus, were biochemically characterized and were grouped in 10 phenotypic profiles. Phenotypes were heterogeneously distributed among the diseased sand smelt analysed; only one phenotype was recovered from all the samples. Sequencing of 16S rRNA was performed to identify representatives of all phenotypes. Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbour‐joining method revealed six isolates clustered within the Vibrio harveyi group, three clustered with known Vibrio chagasii strains and three clustered with Listonella anguillarum. Conclusions: Vibrios with a broad phenotypic variability were found in the external lesions of diseased A. boyeri. In total three species of Vibrio were identified: V. harveyi showed the wider phenotypical and ribotypical heterogeneity while L. anguillarum shared similar biochemical characteristics with typical strains. Significance and Impact of the study: Previously unreported coexistence of potential pathogenic species colonizing diseased A. boyeri has ecological as well as epidemiological significance.     

Discrimination Amongst Leishmania by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Hybridization with Small Subunit Ribosomal DNA Derived Oligonucleotides

ABSTRACT. A method for discriminating among Leishmania is described, based upon small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence differences. The method was to amplify the entire 2.2 kb small subunit rDNA by polymerase chain reaction using conserved primers specific for the 5' and 3' termini of the small subunit ribosomal RNA, and then hybridize the product dotted onto nylon membranes with labeled oligonucleotides. The design of the hybridization probes was based upon complete small subunit rDNA sequences from L. amazonensis, L. major and L. guyanensis and partial sequences of L. mexicana, L. braziliensis, L. tropica and L. chagasi. A high degree of sequence similarity (> 99%) among species was found. However, sufficient sequence divergence occurred to permit the design of internal oligonucleotide probes specific for species complexes. This procedure successfully discriminated amongst a wide range of Leishmania isolates. The method detected as few as 10 cultured organisms and detected parasites in tissue samples from experimentally infected animals. Non-radioactive labeling showed the same specificity and sensitivity as radioactive probes.     

东北地区乳菇属的初步研究

本文报道了东北地区乳菇属(Lactarius)的29种,其中包括新种2个,长白乳菇(L.chanbainensis Y.Wang et Xie sp.nov.)温泉乳菇(L.wenquanensis Y.Wang et Xie sp.nov.);国内新记录种5个:茶绿乳菇[L.necator(Pers.ex Fr.)Farst.],条纹乳菇[L.oculatus(Peck)Burl.],变红乳菇[L.acris(Bolt.ex Fr.)Gray],复生乳菇(L.repraesentaneus Britz.)和点柄乳菇(L.maculatus Burl.)。新种有汉文和拉丁文描述以及形态、显微构造图;国内新记录种有汉文描述。     

药用钩藤和类钩藤的比较

本文首次从植物形态、种皮纹饰的扫描电镜观察,叶柄、茎组织构造、内部次生代谢产物-吲哚生物碱等方面对茜草科Rubiaceae,钩藤属Uncaria的钩藤Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.)Miq.ex Havil.与类钩藤Uncaria rhynchophylloides How进行了详细比较。认为类钩藤应是独立种,钩藤碱的含量在检测量之下,不能混入钩藤同样药用。     

Novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction primer set for identification of Lactococcus species

Aims: The gram‐positive bacterial genus Lactococcus has been taxonomically classified into seven species (Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus garvieae, Lactococcus piscium, Lactococcus plantarum, Lactococcus raffinolactis, Lactococcus chungangensis and Lactococcus fujiensis). This study aimed to develop a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set for the identification of the seven lactococcal species, as well as to differentiate the two industrially important dairy subspecies, L. lactis subsp. lactis and L. lactis subsp. cremoris. Methods and Results: A multiplex PCR primer set was designed based on the nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of the seven lactococcal species. The specificity of the established one‐step multiplex PCR scheme was verified using more than 200 bacterial strains, in which a complete sequence match was confirmed by partial sequencing of their 16S rRNA gene. Conclusions: The one‐step multiplex PCR enables the identification and speciation of bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactococcus and the differentiation of strains of L. lactis subsp. lactis and L. lactis subsp. cremoris. Significance and Impact of the Study: This work provides an efficient method for identification of lactococcal strains of industrial importance.     

松树上的七种散斑壳*

本文报道松树上散斑壳属(Lophodermium Chev)的7个种,其中3个新种:安徽散斑壳(L.anhuiense Y.R.Lin sp.nov.)、白皮松散斑壳(L.pini—bungeanae Y.R.Lin sp.nov.)及奇异散斑壳(L.mirabile Y.R.Lin sp.nov.);2个我国新记录种:针叶树散斑壳(L.conigenum(Brunaud)Hilitz.)和南方散斑壳(L.australe Dearn.);2个国内已记载的种:松针散斑壳(L.pinastri(schrad.)Chev.)和乔松散斑壳(L.pini-excelsae Ahmad)。文中列出了分种检索表,对新种作了拉丁文和汉文描述,对新记录种的主要特点以及已知种的寄主新记录和地理新分布分别作了记载。     

松树上的七种散斑壳

本文报道松树上散斑壳属(Lophodermium Chev)的7个种,其中3个新种:安徽散斑壳(L.anhuiense Y.R.Lin sp.nov.)、白皮松散斑壳(L.pini—bungeanae Y.R.Lin sp.nov.)及奇异散斑壳(L.mirabile Y.R.Lin sp.nov.);2个我国新记录种:针叶树散斑壳(L.conigenum(Brunaud)Hilitz.)和南方散斑壳(L.australe Dearn.);2个国内已记载的种:松针散斑壳(L.pinastri(schrad.)Chev.)和乔松散斑壳(L.pini-excelsae Ahmad)。文中列出了分种检索表,对新种作了拉丁文和汉文描述,对新记录种的主要特点以及已知种的寄主新记录和地理新分布分别作了记载。     

The in vivo metabolites of [14C] progesterone in bovine muscle and adipose tissue

Muscle and adipose tissue were obtained from steers and dairy cows following subcutaneous administration of [¹⁴C] progesterone. Following extraction, purification and separation by column, thin layer and gas-liquid chromatography, various radioactive residues from these tissues were identified by their Chromatographic mobility, crystallization to constant specific activity and mass spectra. Progesterone constituted 54% of free radioactivity extracted from muscle and 69 and 73% of radioactivity in the free and conjugated portions of extracts, respectively, from fat. Metabolites identified were: 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione, 9%, 0%, 0%, 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 8%, 11%, 3%; 3α-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one, 13%, 2%, 2%; 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one, 3%, 3%, 6%; 20α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-3-one, 0%, 2%, 3%; of radioactivity in muscle (free) and fat (free and conjugated fractions), respectively. Tentatively identified in fat extracts by chromatographic mobility were: 20α-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 1%, 1% and 3β-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one, 0%, 2% of radioactivity in free and conjugated fractions, respectively. The average concentration of steroid in these animals due solely to treatment, calculated from the specific activity of the [¹⁴C] progesterone administered, was 3.4 and 18.1 ng/g in muscle and subcutaneous fat, respectively.