C T、常规MRI 序列和SWI 诊断弥漫性轴索脑损伤比较

目的:探讨弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)的CT、常规MRI序列和磁敏感加权成像(SWI)表现与诊断价值。方法:回顾分析42例DAI患者的影像资料,分析、比较CT、MRI和SWI的信号特征及脑内病灶显示率。结果:SWI显示病灶最多、最敏感;脑CT扫描次之;常规MRI序列敏感性差,只有部分病灶显示。结论:CT、MRI和SWI对DAI早期诊断、治疗及评价预后具有重要参考价值,SWI是诊断DAI最有效的首选影像学检查方法。     

螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术在股骨颈骨折分型及治疗中的应用

目的:探讨螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术在股骨颈骨折分型及治疗中的应用价值。方法:选择2010年5月~2013年5月期间我院收治的股骨颈骨折患者237例为研究对象,根据患者扫描检查方式的不同将其分为对照组(112例)和观察组(125例),对照组患者行髋关节X线正位扫描,观察组行髋关节正位64排螺旋CT扫描,两组均根据扫描结果进行分型并制定相应的治疗方案,比较两组患者骨折内固定手术后2年的股骨头坏死率及骨折不愈合率。结果:两组行骨折内固定手术比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后2年,对照组股骨头坏死5例(22.73%),骨不连6例(27.27%);观察组股骨头坏死1例(3.70%),骨不连1例(3.70%),观察组患者股骨头坏死率及骨折不愈合率均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:螺旋CT扫描及三维重建成像能够全面、准确显示股骨颈骨折的损伤情况,有助于骨折的正确分型和治疗方法的选择,改善预后。     

隐匿性胫骨平台骨折MRI、CT检查的影像学表现及其诊断价值对比的回顾性研究

目的:研究对比隐匿性胫骨平台骨折(TPOF)磁共振成像(MRI)、电子计算机断层扫描(CT)检查的影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析我院自2016年1月至2019年12月拟诊断为TPOF且X线检查表现为阴性的89例患者的临床资料,分别对所有受试者进行MRI、CT检查,且以手术检查为金标准,比较上述两种影像学检查手段诊断TPOF的效能。此外,比较MRI、CT检查诊断TPOF的表观扩散系数以及节段各向异性值以及对TPOF类型的检出率。结果:MRI检查诊断TPOF的灵敏度、特异度及准确度分别为98.61%、94.12%、97.75%,均高于CT检查的79.17%、64.71%、76.40%(均P<0.05)。MRI检查诊断TPOF的表观扩散系数高于CT检查,而节段各向异性值低于CT检查(均P<0.05)。MRI检查对骨皮质骨折的检出率低于CT检查,而对骨小梁骨折的检出率高于CT检查(均P<0.05)。结论:MRI检查诊断TPOF的价值高于CT检查,且在骨小梁骨折的检出率方面优于CT检查,但CT检查应用于骨皮质骨折的诊断价值更高。临床工作中可能通过联合MRI以及CT检查,继而达到提高TPOF检出率的目的。     

Geometric inaccuracy and co-registration errors for CT,DynaCT and MRI images used in robotic stereotactic radiosurgery treatment planning

PurposeTo measure the combined errors due to geometric inaccuracy and image co-registration on secondary images (dynamic CT angiography (dCTA), 3D DynaCT angiography (DynaCTA), and magnetic resonance images (MRI)) that are routinely used to aid in target delineation and planning for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).MethodsThree phantoms (one commercial and two in-house built) and two different analysis approaches (commercial and MATLAB based) were used to quantify the magnitude of geometric image distortion and co-registration errors for different imaging modalities within CyberKnife’s MultiPlan treatment planning software. For each phantom, the combined errors were reported as a mean target registration error (TRE). The mean TRE’s for different intramodality imaging parameters (e.g., mAs, kVp, and phantom set-ups) and for dCTA, DynaCTA, and MRI systems were measured.ResultsOnly X-ray based imaging can be performed with the commercial phantom, and the mean TRE ± standard deviation values were large compared to the in-house analysis using MATLAB. With the 3D printed phantom, even drastic changes in treatment planning CT imaging protocols did not greatly influence the mean TRE (<0.5 mm for a 1 mm slice thickness CT). For all imaging modalities, the largest mean TRE was found on DynaCT, followed by T2-weighted MR images (albeit all <1 mm).ConclusionsThe user may overestimate the mean TRE if the commercial phantom and MultiPlan were used solely. The 3D printed phantom design is a sensitive and suitable quality assurance tool for measuring 3D geometric inaccuracy and co-registration errors across all imaging modalities.     

Fast 3D reconstruction of the lower limb using a parametric model and statistical inferences and clinical measurements calculation from biplanar X-rays

In clinical routine, lower limb analysis relies on conventional X-ray (2D view) or computerised tomography (CT) Scan (lying position). However, these methods do not allow 3D analysis in standing position. The aim of this study is to propose a fast and accurate 3D-reconstruction-method based on parametric models and statistical inferences from biplanar X-rays with clinical measurements' (CM) assessment in standing position for a clinical routine use. For the reproducibility study, the 95% CI was under 2.7° for all lower limbs' angular measurements except for tibial torsion, femoral torsion and tibiofemoral rotation ( < 5°). The 95% CI were under 2.5 mm for lower limbs' lengths and 1.5 to 3° for the pelvis' CM. Comparisons between X-rays and CT-scan based 3D shapes in vitro showed mean differences of 1.0 mm (95% CI = 2.4 mm). Comparisons of 2D lower limbs' and 3D pelvis' CM between standing ‘Shifted-Feet’ and ‘Non-Shifted-Feet’ position showed means differences of 0.0 to 1.4°. Significant differences were found only for pelvic obliquity and rotation. The reconstruction time was about 5 min.     

基于磁共振多b值弥散加权成像对严重胸外伤预后的预测

目的:探讨基于磁共振(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI)多b值弥散加权成像(Diffusion Weighted Imaging,DWI)对严重胸外伤预后的预测价值.方法:2018年2月-2020年6月选择在本院诊治的严重胸外伤患者76例(开放性损伤38例,闭合性损伤38例),所有患者都给予...     

Non-invasive methods for the determination of body and carcass composition in livestock: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound: invited review

The ability to accurately measure body or carcass composition is important for performance testing, grading and finally selection or payment of meat-producing animals. Advances especially in non-invasive techniques are mainly based on the development of electronic and computer-driven methods in order to provide objective phenotypic data. The preference for a specific technique depends on the target animal species or carcass, combined with technical and practical aspects such as accuracy, reliability, cost, portability, speed, ease of use, safety and for in vivo measurements the need for fixation or sedation. The techniques rely on specific device-driven signals, which interact with tissues in the body or carcass at the atomic or molecular level, resulting in secondary or attenuated signals detected by the instruments and analyzed quantitatively. The electromagnetic signal produced by the instrument may originate from mechanical energy such as sound waves (ultrasound – US), ‘photon’ radiation (X-ray-computed tomography – CT, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry – DXA) or radio frequency waves (magnetic resonance imaging – MRI). The signals detected by the corresponding instruments are processed to measure, for example, tissue depths, areas, volumes or distributions of fat, muscle (water, protein) and partly bone or bone mineral. Among the above techniques, CT is the most accurate one followed by MRI and DXA, whereas US can be used for all sizes of farm animal species even under field conditions. CT, MRI and US can provide volume data, whereas only DXA delivers immediate whole-body composition results without (2D) image manipulation. A combination of simple US and more expensive CT, MRI or DXA might be applied for farm animal selection programs in a stepwise approach.     

MRI与CT检查对卵巢癌病理分期及复发转移的诊断价值对比研究

摘要 目的：对比磁共振成像（MRI）与计算机断层扫描（CT）检查对卵巢癌病理分期及复发转移的诊断价值。方法：纳入2017年1月～2019年1月于我院接受诊治的卵巢癌患者100例进行研究。所有患者术前均进行MRI与CT检查,并以术后病理组织活检结果为金标准,对比MRI与CT诊断卵巢癌与卵巢癌病理分期的准确率。所有患者均于首次检查6个月后进行复诊,对比MRI与CT诊断卵巢癌复发转移的准确率。结果：MRI诊断卵巢癌的确诊率为94.00%（94/100）,高于CT诊断的81.00%（81/100）;漏诊率为2.00%（2/100）,低于CT诊断的10.00%（10/100）（均P＜0.05）。MRI诊断卵巢癌Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期的准确率分别为93.33%（14/15）、95.00%（19/20）、93.33%（28/30）,高于CT诊断的60.00%（9/15）、65.00%（13/20）、73.33%（22/30）（均P＜0.05）。MRI诊断肠管及周围、盆腔淋巴结、腹膜后淋巴结、肝脏等远处侵袭和转移中的准确率分别为100.00%（26/26）、88.89%（24/27）、75.00%（18/24）、95.00%（19/20）,高于CT诊断的76.92%（20/26）、48.15%（13/27）、41.67%（10/24）、45.00%（9/20）（均P＜0.05）。结论：相较于CT检查,MRI检查诊断卵巢癌的准确率更高,漏诊率更低,且在卵巢癌病理分期以及复发转移的诊断准确率更高,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

In phantom evaluation of targeting accuracy in MRI-based brain radiosurgery

PurposeTo determine the targeting accuracy of brain radiosurgery when planning procedures employing different MRI and MRI + CT combinations are adopted.Materials and methodA new phantom, the BrainTool, has been designed and realized to test image co-registration and targeting accuracy in a realistic anatomical situation. The phantom was created with a 3D printer and materials that mimic realistic brain MRI and CT contrast using a model extracted from a synthetic MRI study of a human brain. Eight markers distributed within the BrainTool provide for assessment of the accuracy of image registrations while two cavities that host an ionization chamber are used to perform targeting accuracy measurements with an iterative cross-scan method. Two procedures employing 1.5 T MRI-only or a combination of MRI (taken with 1.5 T or 3 T scanners) and CT to carry out Gamma Knife treatments were investigated. As distortions can impact targeting accuracy, MR images were preliminary evaluated to assess image deformation extent using GammaTool phantom.ResultsMR images taken with both scanners showed average and maximum distortion of 0.3 mm and 1 mm respectively. The marker distances in co-registered images resulted below 0.5 mm for both MRI scans. The targeting mismatches obtained were 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.2 mm for MRI-only and MRI + CT (1,5T and 3 T), respectively.ConclusionsProcedures using a combination of MR and CT images provide targeting accuracies comparable to those of MRI-only procedures. The BrainTool proved to be a suitable tool for carrying out co-registration and targeting accuracy of Gamma Knife brain radiosurgery treatments.     

脑发育性静脉畸形9例临床影像特征分析及文献复习

目的:研究脑发育性静脉畸形(Cerebral Developmental Venous Anomalies,CDVA)临床及影像学特征及复习CDVA文献。方法:回顾性收集了自2011年11月至2014年3月我科确诊的9例CDVA的病人,对其临床特征、影像学检查方法包括电子计算机断层扫描(Computed Tomography,CT)、核磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI)、数字减影血管造影(Digital Subtraction Angiography,DSA)及特征进行分析并对相关文献进行复习。结果:(1)临床症状:9例病人的临床症状包括头晕4例(4/9)、头痛4例(4/9)、恶心不适2例(2/9)、站立不稳1例((1/9)、小脑出血史1例(1/9)、眼部症状行眼科检查偶然发现小脑CDVA1例(1/9);(2)病变部位:病变位于幕上4例(4/9);幕下5例(5/9);(3)影像学检查:9例病人中,6例行CT平扫或增强扫描(3例平扫,3例平扫+增强);4例行MRI(1例平扫,3例平扫+增强);3例行DSA检查;(4)影像学特点:CT增强及重建、MRI的T1WI增强、SWI、MRA及DSA静脉期像均可显示出髓静脉及其形成的特征性"海蛇头"征象和其引流静脉。结论:CT、MRI、DSA影像学方法均可用于CDVA的诊断,在临床实践中需根据需要优化选择联合应用。     

多模态MRI、CT多期增强扫描联合D-二聚体对重症急性胰腺炎的预后评价作用分析

摘要 目的：分析多模态MRI、CT增强扫描联合D-二聚体对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）的预后评价作用。方法：收集2018年7月至2021年12月于我院诊治的85例SAP患者的影像学及临床资料。所有患者入院48小时内均接受多模态MRI及CT多期增强扫描检查,入院24小时内完善D-二聚体测定,分析多模态MRI、CT多期增强扫描、D-二聚体单独及联合应用对SAP患者预后的评价效能。结果：（1）经MRSI评分,低分组52例,高分组33例,低分组住院天数、病死率低于高分组（P<0.05）;（2）经MCTSI评分,低分组42例,高分组43例,低分组住院天数、病死率低于高分组（P<0.05）;（3）以2 mg/L为界,D-二聚体低水平组39例,高水平组46例,低水平组住院天数、病死率低于高水平组（P<0.05）;（4）MRSI评分、MCTSI评分、D-二聚体水平预测SAP预后的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为：0.804、0.738、0.810,三种方式均能有效预测SAP的死亡,且D-二聚体水平> MRSI评分>MCTSI评分;（5）多模态MRI、CT多期增强扫描联合D-二聚体诊断SAP的灵敏度为94.77%,特异度为92.58%,均高于多模态MRI、CT多期增强扫描、D-二聚体三种方法单独诊断以及两两结合诊断（P<0.05）。结论：多模态MRI、CT多期增强扫描联合D-二聚体共同检查可提高SAP诊断的灵敏度及特异度,有助于提高对患者预后评估的准确率。     

CT、常规MRI序列和SWI诊断弥漫性轴索脑损伤比较

目的：探讨弥漫性轴索损伤（DAI）的CT、常规MRI序列和磁敏感加权成像（SWI）表现与诊断价值。方法：回顾分析42例DAI患者的影像资料,分析、比较CT、MRI和SWI的信号特征及脑内病灶显示率。结果：SWI显示病灶最多、最敏感;脑CT扫描次之;常规MRI序列敏感性差,只有部分病灶显示。结论：CT、MRI和SWI对DAI早期诊断、治疗及评价预后具有重要参考价值,SWI是诊断DAI最有效的首选影像学检查方法。     

中国数字化可视人体鞍上池的横断面解剖与CT、MRI对照研究

目的:探讨鞍上池在中国数字化可视人体(Chinese visible human,CVH)与CT、MRI上的横断面解剖形态学表现。方法:选择做64层螺旋CT和MRI头部检查的健康志愿者各60例,获得5mm层厚横断面图像。从第2例中国数字化可视人体数据集中选取与CT、MRI相对应层面的头部薄层连续横断面标本图像,对照观察鞍上池在CVH、MRI与CT图像上的正常解剖形态、毗邻及内部结构。结果:CVH图像上,鞍上池表现为六角形和五角形两种形状。CVH薄层横断面图像能连续、清晰地显示鞍上池的正常形态、毗邻及内部结构。60例CT及MRI图像上,鞍上池全部显示,但解剖结构均不及CVH清晰。鞍上池在CT、MRI横断面图像上形状变化更大,以六角形最多,五角形次之,四角形最少,相应毗邻及内部结构也有所不同。六角形鞍上池在CVH、CT、MRI上有良好的对应关系,五角形鞍上池部分相匹配,CVH图像上无四角形鞍上池。结论:通过与CT、MRI进行对照研究,中国数字化可视人体能为颅脑疾病的影像识别和诊断提供断层解剖学依据。     

MRI vs CT-based 2D-3D auto-registration accuracy for quantifying shoulder motion using biplane video-radiography

Biplane 2D-3D registration approaches have been used for measuring 3D, in vivo glenohumeral (GH) joint kinematics. Computed tomography (CT) has become the gold standard for reconstructing 3D bone models, as it provides high geometric accuracy and similar tissue contrast to video-radiography. Alternatively, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would not expose subjects to radiation and provides the ability to add cartilage and other soft tissues to the models. However, the accuracy of MRI-based 2D-3D registration for quantifying glenohumeral kinematics is unknown. We developed an automatic 2D-3D registration program that works with both CT- and MRI-based image volumes for quantifying joint motions. The purpose of this study was to use the proposed 2D-3D auto-registration algorithm to describe the humerus and scapula tracking accuracy of CT- and MRI-based registration relative to radiostereometric analysis (RSA) during dynamic biplanar video-radiography. The GH kinematic accuracy (RMS error) was 0.6–1.0 mm and 0.6–2.2° for the CT-based registration and 1.4–2.2 mm and 1.2–2.6° for MRI-based registration. Higher kinematic accuracy of CT-based registration was expected as MRI provides lower spatial resolution and bone contrast as compared to CT and suffers from spatial distortions. However, the MRI-based registration is within an acceptable accuracy for many clinical research questions.     

Susceptibility Weighted Imaging: A New Tool in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer and Detection of Prostatic Calcification

Background

Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a new MRI technique which has been proved very useful in the diagnosis of brain diseases, but few study was performed on its value in prostatic diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the value of SWI in distinguishing prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia and detecting prostatic calcification.

Methodology/Principal Findings

23 patients with prostate cancer and 53 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia proved by prostate biopsy were scanned on a 3.0T MR and a 16-row CT scanner. High-resolution SWI, conventional MRI and CT were performed on all patients. The MRI and CT findings, especially SWI, were analyzed and compared. The analyses revealed that 19 out of 23 patients with prostate cancer presented hemorrhage within tumor area on SWI. However, in 53 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, hemorrhage was detected only in 1 patient in prostate by SWI. When comparing SWI, conventional MRI and CT in detecting prostate cancer hemorrhage, out of the 19 patients with prostate cancer who had prostatic hemorrhage detected by SWI, the prostatic hemorrhage was detected in only 7 patients by using conventional MRI, and none was detected by CT. In addition, CT demonstrated calcifications in 22 patients which were all detected by SWI whereas only 3 were detected by conventional MRI. Compared to CT, SWI showed 100% in the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value(PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) in detecting calcifications in prostate but conventional MRI demonstrated 13.6% in sensitivity, 100% in specificity, 75% in accuracy, 100% in PPV and 74% in NPV.

Conclusions

More apparent prostate hemorrhages were detected on SWI than on conventional MRI or CT. SWI may provide valuable information for the differential diagnosis between prostate cancer and prostatic hyperplasia. Filtered phase images can identify prostatic calcifications as well as CT.     

腰椎间盘突出症的CT及MRI诊断

目的：总结分析１９１例腰椎间盘突出症的ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ影像特征。方法：ＣＴ组１０４例,ＭＲＩ组８７例,同时行ＣＴ及ＭＲ检查４４例。结果：ＣＴ组中,椎间盘同位于Ｌ３－４者１２例,Ｌ４－５者３２例,Ｌ５－Ｓ１者６０例。骨质增生３１例,髓核钙化１１例,后纵韧带钙化９例。ＭＲ组中,椎间盘突出位于Ｌ３－４者１３例,Ｌ４－５者３９例,Ｌ５－Ｓ１者３５例,椎间盘突变性４１例。     

Conformal radiotherapy of maxilla tumors

PURPOSE: To demonstrate a conventional and a new therapeutic method of 3D treatment planning in maxilla tumors, the process of 3D treatment planning and its significance and to compare these two methods. METHOD: We performed 2D and 3D treatment plans. The ADAC planning system was used in the 3D treatment planning. CT and MRI scans were taken on the target volume and on each scan we demarcated the target volume and the critical organs. The irregular fields were obtained by 3D graphic reconstruction provided by the treatment planning programme. RESULTS: Compared to the conventional treatment planning more favourable dose distribution was obtained within the target volume and the radiation burden of the critical organs was kept under their tolerance doses. CONCLUSION: In conformal 3D treatment planning the shape and size of the irradiated volume are in good conformity with those of the target volume. In this way the radiation burden of the critical organs and adjacent intact tissues can be reduced.     

CT与MRI扫描三维重建在四肢骨关节隐匿性骨折诊断中的应用

摘要 目的：探讨电子计算机断层扫描(Computed Tomography,CT)与磁共振成像(Magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)扫描三维重建在四肢骨关节隐匿性骨折诊断中的应用。方法：2016年9月到2019年10月选择在本院诊治的下拟诊为四肢骨关节隐匿性骨折118例,所有患者都给予CT与MRI扫描三维重建诊断,记录影像学特征与判断诊断价值。结果：在118例患者中,最终确诊为四肢骨关节隐匿性骨折98例,无骨折20例,其中腕关节骨折34例,踝关节骨折22例,膝关节骨折15例,肘关节骨折15例,肩关节骨折8例,髋关节骨折4例。在98例确诊的四肢骨关节隐匿性骨折中,MRI三维重建显示双边征、骨质破坏、充气征、软组织影等比例显著都高于CT (P<0.05)。CT与MRI三维重建诊断四肢骨关节隐匿性骨折的敏感性为89.8 %和99.0 %,特异性为95.0 %和100.0 %,误诊率分别为9.3 %和0.8 %,MRI三维重建诊断的敏感性高于CT ,漏诊率低于CT。结论：CT与MRI扫描三维重建在四肢骨关节隐匿性骨折诊断中的应用都有很好的价值,特别是MRI三维重建能清晰显示骨折特征,具有更高的诊断敏感性,能减少漏诊率,可作为四肢骨关节隐匿性骨折的首选检查方法。     

Fast 3D reconstruction of the lower limb using a parametric model and statistical inferences and clinical measurements calculation from biplanar X-rays

In clinical routine, lower limb analysis relies on conventional X-ray (2D view) or computerised tomography (CT) Scan (lying position). However, these methods do not allow 3D analysis in standing position. The aim of this study is to propose a fast and accurate 3D-reconstruction-method based on parametric models and statistical inferences from biplanar X-rays with clinical measurements' (CM) assessment in standing position for a clinical routine use. For the reproducibility study, the 95% CI was under 2.7° for all lower limbs' angular measurements except for tibial torsion, femoral torsion and tibiofemoral rotation (?相似文献   

3D数字打印技术在重度脊柱侧弯中的临床分析研究

目的:评估和比较3D数字打印技术在重度脊柱侧弯患者手术中的临床疗效及安全性。方法:按照已经设定的纳入及排除标准,对2017年1月至2019年1月诊断为重度脊柱侧弯并在我科行手术治疗的22名患者进行前瞻性分析。根据是否采用3D打印技术辅助,将其通过随机数字表分为3D辅助组(实验组)与对照组。实验组(共11例)通过Minics软件进行3D模拟设计及打印,术中进行技术辅助。对照组(11例)则通过常规的徒手置钉办法进行手术。通过CT比较两组患者的置钉准确性,并比较两组患者的其他影像学检查和相关手术指标,包括:手术时间,输血量,透视次数等。结果:本研究纳入的患者(22例)均得到至少6个月的完整随访。两组患者在术前的影像学测评,Cobb角,年龄、性别构成等指标的比较中未见显著统计学差异(P>0.05)。实验组CT评价置钉准确率为83.6%(0级及1级),对照组的置钉准确率为72.3%。两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。实验组在手术时间,术中输血量及透视次数等手术指标的比较中均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组的入院后待手术时间显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组在术后3天的VAS指标显著优于对照组(P<0.05),但在术后6月的比较中无显著性差异(P>0.05)。两组患者的ODI指数较术前均有显著改善(P<0.05),且两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。两组患者均未出现严重并发症(P>0.05)。结论:与常规的徒手置钉相比,针对重度脊柱侧弯患者,3D数字打印辅助技术能够显著的提高置钉的准确性,减少手术时间和术中输血量,大幅度减少透视危害,且降低操作难度,值得临床进一步推广使用。