川赤芍的化学成分研究

从川赤芍Paeonia anomala subsp. veitchii 根皮的70%丙酮提取物中, 分离鉴定了22 个化合物, 其中包括一个新的24 , 30 位降常春藤皂苷三萜衍生物, 命名为paeonenolide H ( 1) 。化合物2 , 4 , 9 , 10 为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

川党参的化学成分研究

从川党参(Codonopsis tangshen Oliv.)根中分离得到11个化合物。本文报道其中的10个。经光谱法证明,它们依次是9,10,13,-三羟基-反-11-十八烯酸(9,10,13-trihydroxy-(E)-11-Octadecenoic acid)1,(6R,7R)-反,反-十四烷-4,12-二烯-8,10-二炔-1,6,7-三醇[(6R,7R)-E,E-tetradeca-4,12-diene-8,10-diyne-1,6,7-triol]2,蒲公英萜醇,蒲公英萜醇乙酸乙酯,木栓酮,α-菠甾醇,α-菠甾醇-β-D-葡萄糖甙,α-菠甾酮,香荚兰酸,5-羟甲基-2-糠醛。其中化合物1为首次从该属植物中获得,并有PGE样活性的报道。     

川明参的化学成分

川明参的化学成分饶高雄,王兴文,刘启新,孙汉董（云南省中医学院中药系,昆明６５００１１）（江苏植物研究所,南京２１００１４）（中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明６５０２０４）关键词川明参,化学成分ＴＨＥＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＣＯＮＳＴＩＴＵＥＮＴＳＯＦＣＨＵＡ...     

四川西部川赤芍野生居群的表型多样性分析

为揭示四川西部川赤芍〔Paeonia anomala subsp.veitchii(Lynch)D.Y.Hong et K.Y.Pan〕表型性状的变异规律,对川赤芍6个野生居群的株高、茎基粗、叶片和花部性状等15个表型性状进行了比较;并在此基础上,对各表型性状进行了方差分析、变异系数(CV)分析、离散系数(R′)分析、Shannon-Weaver遗传多样性指数(H′)分析、主成分分析和聚类分析.结果表明:川赤芍15个表型性状在居群间均存在极显著差异;除顶小叶长宽比外,其他14个表型性状在居群内均存在极显著或显著差异.15个表型性状在居群内的F值均明显小于居群间.15个表型性状中,每枝着花量的CV平均值最大(33.68%),花瓣数的CV平均值最小(11.26%);6个居群中,阿坝州小金县两河乡(P1)和阿坝州小金县四姑娘山镇(P2)居群的CV平均值较大,阿坝州金川县万林乡(P4)和阿坝州马尔康县卓克基乡(P5)居群的CV平均值居中,阿坝州汶川县卧龙自然保护区(P3)和甘孜州炉霍县充古乡(P6)居群的CV平均值最小.15个表型性状中,株高的R′平均值最大(64.48%),萼片数和苞片数的R′平均值均最小(37.50%);6个居群中,P2居群的R′平均值最大(56.66%),P3居群的R′平均值最小(43.65%).川赤芍6个居群15个表型性状的CV值和R′值的平均值分别为18.70%和49.80%.川赤芍15个表型性状和6个居群的H′平均值均较高,分别为1.6475和1.4510.主成分分析结果显示:叶片形态和花部特征是川赤芍表型变异的主要因子.聚类分析结果显示:在欧氏距离7.12处,川赤芍6个居群被分成2支,其中,P6居群单独聚为一支,其他5个居群聚为另一支,表明生境相似的居群更早地聚在一起.研究结果显示:四川西部川赤芍表型性状在居群间变异丰富,这与其叶片形态、花部特征及生境关系密切.     

赤芍中芍药苷提取工艺的优化

本文提出一条从赤芍中提取芍药苷的工艺,包括醇水溶液回流提取、液液分配、硅胶柱层析等工序,并对各工序的操作条件进行了优化。采用优化后的提取工艺,可得到纯度大于97.0%的芍药苷产品,总回收率超过87.0%。本工艺具有产品纯度高、操作简单、成本低、回收率高、易于工业化等优点。     

钩藤化学成分的研究

从钩藤(Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq.)Jacks.)带钩茎枝分离得到18个化合物,通过波谱学等方法鉴定为乌苏酸(1),27,28-二羧基乌苏酸(2),3β,6β,19α-三羟基乌苏酸(3),noreugenin(4),单棕榈酸甘油酯(5),3-酮-6β,19α-二羟基乌苏酸(6),sumresinolic(7),scopoletin(8),3β,6β,19α,24-四羟基乌苏酸(9),6-酮-3β,19α,23-三羟基齐墩果酸(10),3β,19α,24-三羟基乌苏酸(11),23-醛-3β,6β,19α-三羟基乌苏酸(12),钩藤苷元C(13),β-谷甾醇(14),胡萝卜苷(15),丁香酸(16),cleomiscosin D(17),cleomiscosin B(18).其中化合物4,7,9～11,17,18为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

蒙椴树皮化学成分的研究

为研究蒙椴（Tilia mongolica Maxim.）树皮的化学成分,通过溶剂萃取、硅胶柱色谱、重结晶分离纯化,从蒙椴树皮中分离得到7个化合物,根据其红外光谱、质谱和核磁共振谱数据鉴定为β-香树脂醇乙酸酯（1）,计曼尼醇乙酸酯（2）,羽扇豆醇（3）,二十四碳酸（4）,三棕榈酸甘油酯（5）,β-谷甾醇（6）,胡萝卜苷（7）。其中化合物1-5、7均为首次从椴树属植物中分离得到,化合物6为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

小花棘豆化学成分的研究

从有毒植物小花棘豆(Oxytropis glabra DC.)的地上部分分离得到10种化合物,经光谱分析及理化常数测定,分别鉴定为槲皮素(Ⅰ)、山奈酚(Ⅱ)、3′,7-二羟基-2′,4′-二甲氧基-异黄烷(Ⅲ)、山奈-7-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖甙(Ⅳ)、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅴ)、山奈酚--O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅵ)、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖-7-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅶ)槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅷ)、杨梅树皮甙(Ⅺ)和3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→3)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→6)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸基]-黄豆醇B(Ⅹ)。上述成分均为首次从该植物中分得。化合物Ⅹ为新化合物。     

匙叶翼首花的化学成分

从药用植物匙叶翼首花（Ｐｔｅｒｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ ｈｏｏｋｅｒｉ）中分离了７个化合物。通过波谱分析及已知物数据对照,分别鉴定为ｓｏｎｇｏｒｏｓｉｄｅＡ⑴,ｌｏｇａｎｉｎ⑵,软脂酸（ｐａｌｍｉｔｉｃ ａｃｉｄ,３）,乌索酸（ｕｒｓｏｌｉｃ ａｃｉｄ,４）,齐墩果酸（ｏｌｅａｎｏｌｉｃ ａｃｉｄ,５）,β－谷甾醇（β－ｓｉｔｏｓｔｅｒｏｌ,６）,β－龙胆二糖（β－ｇｅｎｔｉｏｂｉｏｓｅ,７）,其中２是     

Paeonia anomala的核型研究

报道了Paeonia anomala L．的核型,澄清了新疆阿尔泰地区分布的该物种的染色体数目。分布于该地区的Paeonia anomala L．的核型组成：2n=2x=10=6m＋2sm＋2st。该类群核型与该属其它类群一致——2A型。在综合比较分析该属染色体参数以及核型不均一性参数,包括最长,最短染色体比（L1/Ln）和染色体不对称系数（CKOA）的基础上,我们发现该属三个组在核型上没有明显分化,仅在木本类群（Sect．Mouton DC．）和草本类群（Sect．Onaepia Lindley和Sect．Paeonia）之间存在微小差异。此外,作为二倍体类群,新疆阿尔泰地区分布的Paeonia anomala L．很可能是二倍体杂种,这将为研究被子植物的父母本同倍化杂交式物种起源提供一个很好的研究材料。     

亚洲西部和欧洲东南部芍药属的一个亚种

根据存于欧洲一些大标本馆的大量标本的观察,分布于希腊爱琴海东部、土耳其南部、塞浦路斯、黎巴嫩、叙利亚、伊拉克北部的Paeonia mascula与欧洲中部至巴尔干半岛的均不相同,可确认为一个独立的亚种。绝大多数个体总有一些小叶全裂,因此小叶及裂片数为(9)12～18(23);小叶宽椭圆形至卵圆形,通常两面无毛或背面疏生柔毛。     

A Study on Pollination Biology of Paeonia suffruticosa subsp. spontanea (Paeoniaceae)

Field observation on pollination in three populations of Paeonia suffruticosa subsp. spontanea in southern Shanxi Province showed that five species of bees in two families and four species of beetles were engaged in pollination. Examination on bodies of these in sects under SEM, and seed set produced by controlled insect-pollination indicated that the bees, especially the species in the genus Andrena were main pollinators and the beetles except those of small size were only fluctuating vectors. Flowers of this taxon are scented and nonectariferous. Flowers attracted bees and beetles mainly by pollen. A study on seed-set in the three populations revealed considerable variation within and among populations. The plants were no apomict and autogamy, but geitonogamy sometimes could produce mature seeds (x＝ 2.86 seeds per carpel). In the population with less flowers (less than 40 flowers), natural seed-set (x＝3.88) was close to the seed-set produced by hand cross-pollination (x = 3.21), but in the population with more flowers(near 100 flowers) natural seed-set (x＝ 2.48) was lower than that by hand cross-pollination (x = 3.21). The seed-set was low for both natural and artificial cross-pollination with only about one forth of ovules developing into seeds.     

A subspecies of Paeonia mascula (Paeoniaceae) from W. Asia and SE. Europe

The plant from eastern Aegean islands, S. Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria and N. Iraq is recognized as a subspecies of Paeonia mascula based on a large quantity of herbarium specimens from the major herbaria in Europe. The subspecies, Paeonia mascula subsp. orientalis (Thiebaut) D. Y. Hong, is characterized by nearly always having some leaflets segmented and the total number of leaflets and segments ranging from (9) 12 to 18 (23); leaflets and segments broadly elliptical to ovate-rounded and usually glabrous or sparsely villous on the lower surface.     

Paeonia anomala 的核型研究

报道了Paeonia anomala L. 的核型, 澄清了新疆阿尔泰地区分布的该物种的染色体数目。分布于该地区的Paeonia anomala L. 的核型组成: 2n = 2x = 10 = 6m+ 2sm+ 2st。该类群核型与该属其它类群一致———2A 型。在综合比较分析该属染色体参数以及核型不均一性数, 包括最长􊄯最短染色体比(L1/Ln ) 和染色体不对称系数( CKOA) 的基础上, 我们发现该属三个组在核型上没有明显分化, 仅在木本类群(Sect . Moutan DC .) 和草本类群(Sect. Onaepia Lindley 和Sect. Paeonia) 之间存在微小差异。此外, 作为二倍体类群, 新疆阿尔泰地区分布的Paeonia anomala L. 很可能是二倍体杂种, 这将为研究被子植物的父母本同倍化杂交式物种起源提供一个很好的研究材料。     

Cytogeography and taxonomy of the Paeonia obovata polyploid complex (Paeoniaceae)

 The taxonomy of the Paeonia obovata polyploid complex in E-Asia has been controversial with treatments ranging from one species and two varieties to five species and numerous infraspecific taxa. Extensive observations in the field, analysis of morphological characters based on 32 populations sampled, and the examination of a large amount of herbarium specimens show that all the characters used by previous authors for distinguishing the species are variable between or even within populations: Leaf position, petal colour, stamen number (from 21 to 110 in the red-flowered and from 58 to 239 in the white-flowered form), filament and anther colour, style length as well as follicle number and position. Therefore, all these characters are of no value for species delimitation. However, an extensive chromosome survey and the analysis of morphological characters show that the ploidy level is basically correlated with the geographical distribution and with the indumentum on the lower leaf surface. Thus, the recognition of one species with two subspecies is proposed: Paeonia obovata subsp. obovata, mostly diploid, widely distributed in the north, east and south of the distribution range and glabrous to sparsely pubescent or hirsute on the lower leaf surface, and subsp. willmottiae, tetraploid, limited to the west and with leaves densely hirsute or pubescent below. Received October 30, 1998 Accepted June 21, 2000     

芍药属牡丹组分类新注

自我们近年发表一系列牡丹组分类文章以来, 国内外基本上赞同我们8个种的分类系统,但对一些问题仍有不同见解。本文进一步申述牡丹Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews 是一个独立的种而不是人工杂种, 以及银屏牡丹P. suffruticosa ssp. yinpingmudan是牡丹P. suffruticosa的野生类型而不是逸生的P. ostii的理由。上述论点也得到了分子树的支持。P. jishanensis T. Hong &; W. Z. Zhao是一个合法名称, 而P. spontanea (Rehder) T. Hong &; W. Z. Zhao则确实是一个多余名。太白山紫斑牡丹的学名应是P. rockii ssp. atava (Brühl) D. Y. Hong &; K. Y. Pan, 因此P. moutan Sims ssp. atava Brühl不应是可疑的分类群。本文还对Halda的6个组合和两个杂交种名作了处理。结果, 本文包括了5个新异名和一个新组合。     

Constituents of flowers of Paeoniaceae plants,Paeonia suffruticosa and Paeonia lactiflora

A new monoterpene glycoside, floralalbiflorin I (1), and a new flavonol glycoside, lactifloraoside I (2), were isolated from the flowers of Paeonia suffruticosa and Paeonia lactiflora (Paeoniaceae) together with 28 known compounds. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Among the major constituents of P. suffruticosa and P. lactiflora flowers, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (10) [inhibition: 42.4% at 1 μM] and flavonoids having the catechol moiety showed significant inhibitory effect on Cu²⁺-induced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation.