广西和海南的赛多孢属2新种

从广西和海南植物根系采集的土样经用头发富集后分离获得3株赛多孢菌株G79、EM65901和EM65901.2,采用系统发育和单倍型网络并结合形态特征对其分类地位进行确证,G79菌株提议为新种少孢赛多孢,其典型特征是:分生孢子顶生或侧生于菌丝上,产孢较少,孢子透明至半透明,倒卵形,5.4–10.8×3.2–5.4μm,无间生孢子和厚垣孢子;EM65901和EM65901.2两菌株为另一新种,定名为三亚赛多孢,其典型特征是:分生孢子顶生或侧生于菌丝或支撑细胞上,单生或1–4个着生于膨大或不膨大的支撑细胞上,透明至半透明,倒卵圆形,4–7.5×3–4μm,少数近球形,3–5μm,无间生孢子;厚垣孢子椭圆形,5–7.5×4–6.5μm,或近球形,5–7.5μm。     

一株寄生蛴螬的被毛孢新种

【目的】对寄生鞘翅目幼虫蛴螬的虫生真菌标本GZUIFR-lgs-1进行描述和鉴定。【方法】基于形态特征比较结合系统发育分析进行鉴定。【结果】该种通过形态特征产孢细胞单生,透明,多数与营养菌丝成近直角,基部具疣且明显膨大(19-27)μm×(2.7-3.6)μm,颈部长(12.0-14.5)μm,顶端呈螺旋状扭曲,偶有再育;分生孢子透明、光滑,橘瓣状,单生或偶有双生,外具黏液,大小为(4.8-6.0)μm×(2.4-3.6)μm,而与被毛孢属已知种相区别。基于ITS位点的系统发育分析支持形态学鉴定的结果。【结论】综合形态特征比较及系统发育分析结果,该种为被毛孢属的一个新的分类单元,命名为雷公山被毛孢,Hirsutella leigongshanensis。     

金龟拟多头束霉Tilachlidiopsis scarabaei，一种稀有的束梗孢类虫生真菌

【目的】调查发现我国稀有但重要的虫生束梗孢类真菌。【方法】采用经典形态学及生态学特征对研究标本进行鉴定。【结果】在寄生鞘翅目昆虫的标本中,发现我国一拟多头束霉新记录种,金龟拟多头束霉Tilachlidiopsis scarabaei L.S.Olive,其形态特征为:寄主昆虫长约15 mm,宽4 mm。孢梗束下部深褐色,上部白色,长约36 mm,宽约1.8 mm,头状,可简单分枝。瓶梗锥形,少数棒状,顶端变细,长约19.4-25.9μm,宽1.1-2.2μm,在孢梗束的球状头部,呈栅栏状密集排列;在近头部的柄上瓶梗顶侧生于简单分枝的分生孢子梗上。分生孢子大多椭圆形,(2.2-3.2)μm×(1.1-2.2)μm;近柱形,(4.3-5.4)μm×(1.1-2.2)μm;少数球形,1.1-2.2μm。【结论】经文献检索和鉴定,金龟拟多头束霉为我国报道的新记录种。     

来自山西鸟窝的金孢属一新种

从山西省祁县一麻雀窝中的羽毛上分离到一嗜角蛋白的金孢属新种——山西金孢。采用分子系统学结合经典形态学对其进行了描述和鉴定,其主要鉴别特征是:具球拍状菌丝,10.8–16.2×5.4–6.5μm;顶侧生分生孢子着生于菌丝上或短的突起或短柄上,单生或2–3个串生,多数长倒卵形,6.5–11.9×3.2–6.5μm,少数棒状至柱状,8.6–17.3×2.2–4.3μm;基痕较宽1.9–4.3μm,大多数产孢细胞与分生孢子连接处具有膨大的“领状”结构;间生孢子不规则桶状至肾形,8.6–13×3.2–6.5μm。     

中国单顶孢属三新记录种

陀螺单顶孢图1Monacrosporium bembicodes(Drechsler)Subram.,J.Indian Bot.Soc.42:293,1963.Dactylella bembicodes Drechsler,Mycologia29:491,1937.在CMA培养基上菌丝无色,扩展,分隔,宽2-5μm;分生孢子梗高250-450μm,单生,不分枝,顶端着生单个分生孢子;分生孢子阔纺锤形,顶端钝圆,基部渐尖细、平截,36-43.2(40)×16.8-21.6(20.5)μm,3-4个分隔,4个隔为主。可通过微循环产孢方式或直接在一些分生孢子梗上形成小分生孢子,小分生孢子倒卵圆形,10-19×4-5μm,0-1个分隔。捕食器为收缩环。图1陀螺单顶孢Monacrosporium bembicodes(Drec…     

中国一新记录属--蛛丝孢属

蛛丝孢属 中国新记录属 Arachnophora Hennebert, 1963, Can. J. Bot., 41:1165 菌落平展,褐色或黑色。菌丝体埋生至表生。无子座。刚毛和附着胞缺。分生孢子梗粗大,直或弯曲,单生,褐色,具隔膜。产孢细胞合生,顶生,单芽生,层出式延伸。分生孢子单生,顶生,形态复杂,通常具一褐色单隔膜的中心孢体,并侧生突出、内弯、近无色、爪状或刺状的附属丝。 模式种:水青冈生蛛丝孢Arachnophora fagicola Hennebert. 水青冈生蛛丝孢 中国新记录种 图 1 Arachnophora fagicola Hennebert,1963, Can. J. Bot., 41:1166 Fig. 1 菌体在自然基质…     

中国一新记录属--贝尔特孢属

贝尔特孢属Beltrania O. Penzig, 1882, Nuovo G. Bot. Ital., 14:72. 菌落铺展型,绒毛状,褐色至黑色。菌丝体埋生或部分表生。通常有子座,常生于寄主表皮下。刚毛从扁平、辐射状瓣裂的基细胞上长出,不分枝,深色,光滑或具疣突,壁厚。无附着枝。分生孢子梗与菌丝有明显区别通常单生,直立或弯曲,淡青黄色至褐色,光滑,有隔膜,顶部较粗大,至顶端颜色渐淡,自刚毛的基细胞上或分离的辐射状瓣裂的细胞上生出。产孢细胞合生,顶生,全壁多芽生产孢,合轴式延伸;棒状,柱状或齿状,齿突圆柱形。分离细胞膨大。分生孢子单生,顶侧生…     

寄主为蚧的层束梗孢一新记录种

在贵州茂兰国家自然保护区发现寄生蚧壳虫的层束梗孢属真菌gzuifr-hym201307jk。主要特征为孢梗束灰白色单生,14¹7 mm×0.9 mm,产孢细胞柱状向上收缩变尖,顶部具有117 mm×0.9 mm,产孢细胞柱状向上收缩变尖,顶部具有1³个叉状的产孢小颈,大小10.83个叉状的产孢小颈,大小10.8¹4.0×4.314.0×4.3⁵.4μm;分生孢子梭形,7.65.4μm;分生孢子梭形,7.6¹0.8×4.310.8×4.3⁵.4μm。经鉴定该真菌为中国新记录种——Hymenostilbe furcata。     

来自青海农田土壤的金孢属一新种

从青海省格尔木的农田土壤中分离到一嗜角蛋白的金孢属新种——青海金孢。采用形态学和分子系统学对其进行了描述和鉴定,其主要鉴别特征是:侧生孢子较多,光滑,3.6-9×1.8-3.6μm,棒状至柱状,基痕宽>1.0μm;双细胞分生孢子存在,9-13×1.8-2.7μm,柱状;具间生孢子和厚垣孢子。     

齿梗孢属二新种

报道分离自土壤中的齿梗孢属 Scolecobasidium 二新种:椭圆齿梗孢 Scolecobasidium ellipticum 和小孢齿梗孢 Scolecobasidium microsporum。椭圆齿梗孢与亚马逊齿梗孢 S. amazonense、粗腐植齿梗孢 S. crassihumicola 和倒卵齿梗孢 S. obovatum 形态近似,区别在于 S. amazonense 的分生孢子倒卵形,常在分生孢子基部形成一横隔膜,同样 S. crassihumicola 的分生孢子也仅具一横隔膜;S. obovatum 的分生孢子(10-25×4-6μm)明显地较新种的大,且表面光滑,因此容易区分。小孢齿梗孢与嗜粪齿梗孢 S. coprophilum、腐植齿梗孢 S. humicola 和小疣齿梗孢 S. verruculosum 分生孢子形态有些相似,但新种的分生孢子明显小于 S. coprophilum(6-12.5×2.8-4.2μm)和 S. humicola(7-13×2.8-4μm, Matsushima,1971)的,分生孢子梗也明显较后两者的短;此外,新种的分生孢子密生刺突,而 S. verruculosum 分生孢子表面遍生小疣,使它们陪此易于区分。二新种的模式标本(干制培养物)保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.