共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
微生态是微生物与机体在长期进化和相互作用过程中形成的特殊生态系统,对机体健康与疾病起着重要作用.肠道菌群作为人体微生态的重要组成部分,通过营养代谢、免疫调节和基因调控参与人体内一系列重要的生理和病理过程.肠道菌群失调可导致胆汁酸代谢异常、内毒素释放、肠道稳态破坏、模式识别受体激活等,这些都可直接或间接促进肝癌的发展.本... 相似文献
2.
肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)是一种常见的功能性胃肠道疾病,严重地威胁着人类的健康与生存质量。最近的研究发现IBS的发病机制是复杂多样的,尽管其确切的发病原因尚不完全清楚,但有证据显示IBS可能与肠道菌群失衡有关。本文就有关肠道菌群的功能、IBS患者肠道菌群的特点、肠道菌群失衡导致IBS发病的可能机制的研究进展作一综述,旨在为IBS的早期诊断与有效治疗提供有价值的理论依据。 相似文献
3.
肝硬化是我国的一种常见病,近年来越来越多的研究表明肝硬化及其并发症(如门静脉高压、自发性腹膜炎、肝性脑病及肝癌等)都与肠道菌群失衡有着密切的联系。肝脏和肠道通过“肠—肝轴”紧密联系在一起,肝硬化时因小肠细菌过度生长、肠黏膜屏障功能受损、机体免疫功能下降等因素,导致细菌移位、肠道微生态失衡。而肠道微生态失衡又会使肝功能障碍进一步发展,引起肝性脑病等并发症。本文就目前国内外对肝硬化及其并发症与肠道细菌及真菌菌群失衡的研究进行综述。 相似文献
4.
肠道菌群在影响人体免疫系统的活性,参与宿主物质代谢,影响神经递质释放和神经信号传导等方面发挥着至关重要的作用,维护着人类健康。近年来,越来越多的研究表明肠道菌群与乳腺癌的发生发展存在着复杂的关系,可能通过雌激素代谢、免疫应答和代谢产物等途径来影响肿瘤的发生发展。然而肠道菌群对乳腺癌复发转移的影响以及在抗肿瘤治疗中的作用仍不清楚。因此,本文将从肠道菌群的角度探讨其在乳腺癌的发病机制、风险、复发转移以及抗肿瘤治疗中的作用,以期为建立乳腺癌的防治体系提供新的策略。 相似文献
5.
6.
谢婉莹;黄永坤 《中国微生态学杂志》2025,37(2):240-244
食物过敏(food allergy,FA)是由食物抗原激活辅助性T细胞2(Th2)引起免疫系统失衡,调节性T细胞(Treg)减少,促进细胞因子释放而产生的一系列不良反应。肠道菌群和宿主之间的免疫反应与FA的发生相关,明确其作用机制将是防治FA的突破口。本文综述了肠道菌群的起源和影响因素,结合FA的免疫机制,从免疫调节和肠道屏障层面探讨儿童肠道菌群及其代谢产物与FA的关系,分别阐述治疗儿童FA的临床应用方法如补充益生菌和益生元以及临床试验阶段的粪便菌群移植等治疗方法,并结合表观遗传机制对今后的研究方向进行展望。
相似文献7.
近年来,肠道菌群对机体脂质代谢的调控机制成为研究热点。在肥胖小鼠或脂质代谢紊乱小鼠中,都存在肠道菌群的改变。通过粪菌移植、服用益生菌等方法可调节肠道菌群的平衡进而有效改善机体的脂质代谢紊乱。这篇综述中聚焦肠道菌群对脂质代谢的调控作用,并进一步从心血管系统疾病、神经系统疾病、非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)、肥胖和2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)等脂质代谢紊乱疾病展开阐述,最后探索了肠道菌群调节脂质代谢紊乱的治疗前景。 相似文献
8.
目的探讨山银花对于小鼠肠道菌群失衡的调节作用。方法应用头孢曲松钠灌胃的方法建立小鼠肠道菌群失衡模型。利用观察称量等方法观察小鼠临床表征的变化,以及盲肠指数和脾指数的变化。利用活菌计数法分析肠道优势菌群的变化趋势。结果 (1)与正常对照组相比,菌群失衡组盲肠指数增高(P<0.05);自然恢复组变化不明显;山银花组(5%、10%)与大豆低聚糖组相似,显著下降(P<0.05),呈恢复趋势。(2)菌群失衡组脾脏指数有下降趋势,自然恢复组无明显变化;山银花组(5%、10%)与大豆低聚糖组均有所上升,呈恢复趋势。(3)菌群失衡组厌氧菌被抑制,需氧菌大量繁殖,自然恢复组菌群种类和数量变化不明显,主要是需氧菌的恢复;山银花组(5%、10%)和大豆低聚糖组厌氧菌重新出现,菌群种类增多,尤其是双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、韦荣球菌和类杆菌的出现预示着菌群正在逐渐恢复正常。10%山银花高剂量组比5%山银花低剂量组恢复要好。结论山银花可以促进菌群失衡小鼠盲肠和脾脏大小的恢复,可以调节小鼠肠道菌群失衡,具有益生元功效。 相似文献
9.
大熊猫的主食竹类粗纤维含量很高,而大熊猫自身的消化系统不能降解纤维素。现已从大熊猫的肠道正常菌群中鉴定出涵盖7个菌门的22种菌,相关的研究证明大熊猫的肠道正常菌群能降解纤维素。大熊猫肠道中的假单胞菌产生的漆酶能对竹纤维中的木质素进行氧化,使纤维素得以暴露,梭菌属、淀粉芽胞杆菌等产生的纤维素酶将其降解成大熊猫可利用的糖类。其具体机制有待进一步研究。 相似文献
10.
肠道菌群与肠道黏膜免疫系统的相互作用机制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
胃肠道微生物生态系统是人和动物体内最复杂和最大的微生态系统,据估计,成人肠道内含有超过500种细菌。新生儿出生时胃肠道是无菌的,免疫系统几乎没有发育,但很快有种类繁多的细菌定植。随着细菌的定植,肠道菌群的建立,刺激机体产生大量的淋巴细胞和淋巴组织,促进全身免疫系统和黏膜免疫系统的正常发育并逐步成熟, 相似文献
11.
IgA肾病(Immunoglobulin A nephropathy,IgAN)是一种多种机制共同参与免疫介导的肾小球疾病,是世界上最常见的原发性肾小球疾病。此外,许多疾病与IgAN的发生和进展相关(如炎症性肠病、肝炎及HIV病毒感染、干燥综合征等),被称为继发性IgAN。目前IgAN被广泛接受的发病机制是“多重打击学说”,该学说中IgAN发病的“扳机点”即为黏膜微生态失调导致的屏障功能破坏及免疫异常。肠道黏膜作为人体黏膜系统的重要组成部分,越来越多的研究表明肠道微生态失调、黏膜屏障功能受损及免疫调节异常在IgAN的发生发展中有重要作用,与此相关的治疗靶点也是目前的研究热点。本文就目前肠道微生态与肠黏膜免疫在IgAN发病机制中作用的研究进展进行综述,以期为未来从肠道微生态及免疫功能角度寻找IgAN新的治疗靶点提供思路。 相似文献
12.
13.
Alberto Reale Marta Trevisan Gualtiero Alvisi Giorgio Palù 《Journal of cellular physiology》2018,233(4):2693-2694
14.
Study of duodenal bacterial communities by 16S rRNA gene analysis in adults with active celiac disease vs non‐celiac disease controls
下载免费PDF全文

E. Nistal A. Caminero A.R. Herrán J. Pérez‐Andres S. Vivas J.M. Ruiz de Morales L.E. Sáenz de Miera J. Casqueiro 《Journal of applied microbiology》2016,120(6):1691-1700
15.
Mengchao Jin Zhiyuan Qian Jiayu Yin Weiting Xu Xiang Zhou 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2019,23(4):2343-2350
Accumulating evidence has indicated that intestinal microbiota is involved in the development of various human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In the recent years, both human and animal experiments have revealed that alterations in the composition and function of intestinal flora, recognized as gut microflora dysbiosis, can accelerate the progression of CVDs. Moreover, intestinal flora metabolizes the diet ingested by the host into a series of metabolites, including trimethylamine N‐oxide, short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid and indoxyl sulfate, which affects the host physiological processes by activation of numerous signalling pathways. The aim of this review was to summarize the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of CVDs, including coronary artery disease, hypertension and heart failure, which may provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for CVD that involve interfering with the composition, function and metabolites of the intestinal flora. 相似文献
16.
动物胃肠道栖息着大量的微生物,这些微生物及其代谢产物在营养、免疫等方面对宿主的健康有重要的意义。近年来研究发现肠道微生物与免疫系统间存在密切的交流和互作机制,尽管肠道共生菌具有定植抑制效应,但肠道微生物也可通过其特定组分刺激免疫细胞如Tregs细胞、Th17细胞的分化,肠道菌群的紊乱可能导致细菌移位、肠道屏障功能损伤,影响机体健康。宿主免疫系统可通过分泌多种免疫效应因子如MUC、sIgA、ITF、RegIIIγ、α-防御素等调节肠道微生物的分布和组成,调节肠道菌群的稳态。本文综述了单胃动物肠道微生物菌群的组成,深入探讨了肠道微生物菌群与动物肠道免疫功能之间的相互作用。 相似文献
17.
Over the past 10 years, the “Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire” unit of Professor Philippe Sansonetti has studied the molecular cross talk between the intestinal microbiota and the gut epithelium, aiming to better understand how this mutualistic symbiosis delineates homoeostasis and, when perturbed, prompts pathology. To do so, the unit has manipulated both bacterial and epithelial cells, and used cutting‐edge technology. More recently, the lab has turned its focus also on studying the intestinal crypt and more specifically the intestinal stem cell for their role in epithelial regeneration and long‐term epithelium renewal. Here, we provide a brief review summarising recent results obtained from the lab, with particular focus on the intestinal crypt. 相似文献
18.
19.
《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2013,7(7):1067-1078
In pigs, the microbial ecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is influenced by various factors; however, variations in diet composition have been identified as one of the most important determinants. Marked changes in fermentation activities and microbial ecology may occur when altering the diet, for example, from milk to solid feed during weaning. In that way, access of pathogens to the disturbed ecosystem is alleviated, leading to infectious diseases and diarrhea. Thus, there is increasing interest in improving intestinal health by use of dietary ingredients suitable to beneficially affect the microbial composition and activity. For example, fermentable carbohydrates have been shown to promote growth of beneficial Lactobacillus species and bifidobacteria, thereby enhancing colonization resistance against potential pathogens or production of short-chain fatty acids, which can be used as energy source for epithelial cells. On the other hand, fermentation of protein results in the production of various potentially toxic products, such as amines and NH3, and is often associated with growth of potential pathogens. In that way, excessive protein intake has been shown to stimulate the growth of potentially pathogenic species such as Clostridium perfringens, and to reduce fecal counts of beneficial bifidobacteria. Therefore, it seems to be a promising approach to support growth and metabolic activity of the beneficial microbiota by developing suitable feeding strategies. For example, a reduction of dietary CP content and, at the same time, dietary supplementation with fermentable carbohydrates have proven to successfully suppress protein fermentation. In addition, the intestinal microbiota seems to be sensible to variations in dietary protein source, such as the use of highly digestible protein sources may reduce growth of protein-fermenting and potentially pathogenic species. The objective of the present review is to assess the impact of dietary protein on microbiota composition and activity in the GIT of piglets. Attention will be given to studies designed to determine the effect of variations in total protein supply, protein source and supplementation of fermentable carbohydrates to the diet on composition and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota. 相似文献
20.
Quantitative assessment of faecal bifidobacterial populations by real-time PCR using lanthanide probes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gueimonde M Debor L Tölkkö S Jokisalo E Salminen S 《Journal of applied microbiology》2007,102(4):1116-1122
AIM: To develop real-time quantitative PCR methods, based on the use of probes labelled with a stable fluorescent lanthanide chelate, for the quantification of different human faecal bifidobacterial populations. METHODS AND RESULTS: The designed quantitative PCR assays were found to be specific for the corresponding Bifidobacterium species or groups (Bifidobacterium longum group, Bifidobacterium catenulatum group, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium angulatum, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium dentium). The detection limits of the methodologies used ranged between 2 x 10(5) and 9 x 10(3) cells g(-1) of faeces. The applicability of the developed assays was tested by analysing 20 human faecal samples. Bif. longum group was found to be the qualitatively and quantitatively predominant bifidobacterial group. CONCLUSIONS: The real-time PCR procedures developed here are specific, accurate, rapid and easy methods for the quantification of Bifidobacterium groups or species in human faecal samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The developed procedures will facilitate rapid and objective counting of large numbers of samples increasing our knowledge on the role of gut bifidobacterial microbiota in health and disease. This will contribute to the efficient use of intestinal bacterial assays in research, food and pharmaceutical development as well as in the assessment of dietary management of diseases. 相似文献