前沿导读在微生物学课程中的应用

前沿导读是本科专业课程模块化教学改革中的第一大模块。以微生物学课程为例,从引入前沿导读的意义、前沿导读的实施两方面探讨前沿导读在微生物学及相关课程中的应用,达到激发学生的专业兴趣和积极性的目的,为后续课程的顺利开展和其他课程模块的顺利实施奠定了基础。     

高职医学微生物学检验课程教学改革与实践

针对当前高职医学检验专业文理兼招、学生基础薄弱的实际情况,在微生物学检验课程教学中,以微生物检验岗位工作任务为引领,以强化技能训练为主导,课程设计了基础知识、基本技能、技术应用及单元实训四大模块,将微生物学理论知识融合于技能训练项目之中,构建"串行体系"结构的课程体系,部分实验内容采用学生自主设计,并且教学方法多措并举,考核方式多元化。结果表明:通过课程改革与实践,激发了学生学习兴趣,培养了学生的创新能力和实践动手能力,教学效果明显。     

基于应用能力培养的微生物学教学内容优化

微生物学作为生物学科的重要组成部分,是诸多专业的专业基础课程,在不同层次、不同类型、不同专业的高校,其教学基本遵循相同或相似的注重课程理论体系的经典教学模式,该模式不利于普通地方院校本科生应用能力的培养。为此,笔者根据微生物学科研项目思路的构建程序和微生物学实际应用的关键操作技术,以实验项目选择和实验项目顺序调整为突破口,优化微生物学理论和实验教学内容,使两者相辅相成融为一体,以充分发挥专业基础课程在培养学生应用能力方面的作用。     

生物制药专业微生物学试验教学改革的探索与实践

微生物学是制药专业的核心课程,为了适应我国职业教育的改革发展与培养人才的要求,本文着重分析了传统教学方法的弊端,对微生物学的试验教学改革进行了探索。教师应该主要通过合理的设置微生物学实验的课程,合理对教学实训做出安排,并且要采用科学的教学模式、教学方法和考核制度,加强学生对于微生物学课程的理论认识,培养学生在相关领域能熟练应用微生物进行生产实践的能力,使教学达到良好的效果。     

北京大学医学部《医学微生物学》课程体系改革与建设的研究

本文通过文献查阅、考察与交流、梳理与整合和综合分析,在北京大学医学部"新途径"教学改革的基本框架下,设置了以《医学微生物学》核心课程内容为基础的传统课程模块,引入案例讨论和综合性实验等创新课程模块,配合新开设的选修课和专题讲座等补充课程模块,以及植根于科学研究平台的创新人才培养计划项目,构建了《医学微生物学》"3+1"分段式本科课程模块体系,以期对推动《医学微生物学》教学改革及培养创新性人才有所贡献。     

浅谈项目教学法在高职《微生物学》课程教学中的应用

《微生物学》是高职院校多个专业的一门基础课程。当前,该课程教学仍然以传统教学方式为主,不利于调动学生的学习自主性和积极性。把项目教学法引入《微生物学》课程教学,有利于学生生物学素质的培养和提高。就项目教学法在高职《微生物学》课程教学中的应用,本文作了浅谈。     

应用型专业《微生物学实验》教学模式改革及实践

《微生物学实验》是生物、食品、农业、环保及制药类专业的必修基础课。该课程的开展对提高学生的动手能力和应用技术能力至关重要。但是,《微生物学实验》所采用的传统教学方法无法满足应用型技术人才的培养需求。本文在分析当前《微生物学实验》教学中存在的不足,结合生物工程专业的特点,有针对性地从《微生物学实验》课程的授课体系、实验顺序、师资队伍、数字课程建设以及考核方式等提出了相对应的改革思路和完善措施。该课程的改革充分发挥了专业基础课程在应用型人才培养中的作用,达到了提高学生动手能力和应用技术能力的目的,为解决当前应用型人才供需矛盾提供了有效路径。     

“新工科”背景下环境微生物学课程实践教学育人模式的探索

从"新工科"背景下环境微生物学课程实践教学改革的现实意义出发,阐述了构建基于"新工科"要求的环境微生物学课程实践教学模式。该实践教学模式从学科基础实验、校企合作实训、课程设计实践和教学实践德育等4个方面进行设计,要求以提升学生的思想道德素质和实践能力为目标,达到契合环境微生物行业发展需求的目的。实践教学环节有效地加强了师生间的互动交流,激发了学生的实践创新积极性,为培养符合"新工科"要求的复合型、实践型具有环境微生物学知识背景的工程师提供了良好的实践平台。     

“环境工程微生物学”线上线下混合式教学的改革与实践

“环境工程微生物学”是环境工程专业的一门基础课程,但由于环境微生物学概念抽象、内容繁冗,大部分学生在课堂上注意力不集中,难以理解和应用生物氧化过程、微生物在环境工程中的作用等内容,教学效果较差。为提高学生的学习效果和教师的教学感受,基于超星泛雅网络教学平台,对环境工程微生物学的教学内容、教学方法、考核方式等进行线上线下混合式教学改革与实践。实践结果表明改革后的课程激发了学生内在学习的动力,使学生具有了自学和继续学习的能力,在知识、能力、素质这3个方面取得了成效,并有效提升了学生的专业能力和综合素质;同时,课程教师的教学方法、教学能力、教学感受以及信息技术均得到提升和改进,加强了课程创新实践,提升了环境工程类专业课程的教学质量。     

将MOOCs技术应用于《微生物学》教学中的建议

在当前数字化、信息化流行的背景下,结合微生物学课程的特点,提出将MOOCs技术用于微生物学课程的教学中。建议将微生物学各模块知识中的基础知识、理论、技术做成短小精悍的微视频网络课程,由学生自行完成学习并在线考核,课堂上由老师设置问题让学生讨论以此巩固深化学生自学完成的知识,进行现场打分后,综合网络考核得出最终的分数。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.