从有孔虫动物群论华南泥盆-石炭系之分界

本文研究了华南地区法门阶至杜内阶有孔虫动物群,并由下而上建立了五个有孔虫化石组合带(Ⅰ—Ⅴ),它们分布在黔南尧梭组上部(Ⅰ),者王组(Ⅱ),革老河组(Ⅲ),汤耙沟组下部(Ⅳ)和汤耙沟组中部(Ⅴ);在湘中则见于邵东组(Ⅱ),孟公坳组(Ⅲ),刘家塘组下部(Ⅳ)和刘家塘组中部(Ⅴ)。根据有孔虫动物群的分析,以及与西欧狄南盆地和苏联一些地区相当层位中有孔虫组合的对比,笔者认为以组合带Ⅲ之顶界作为泥盆-石炭系的分界。在黔南泥盆-石炭系的界线置于革老河组之顶;在湘中则位于孟公坳组之顶。因此,革老河组或孟公坳组属法门阶上部,改变了我国华南地区将这一界线置于邵东组之底或革老河组(包括者王组)之底的传统划法。     

塔里木板块西南依格孜牙剖面上泥盆统—下石炭统地层学

塔里木板块西南英吉莎县依格孜牙出露上泥盆统—下石炭统序列。克里塔格组下段以法门阶牙行刺Icriodus alternatus alternatus为特征,中段的Spathognathodus aciedentatus和Polygnathus inornatus属杜内阶上部,上段的Scaphignathus sp.大致相当于维宪阶,可能还包括部分谢尔普霍夫阶。岩相序列表明,从奇自拉夫组紫红色石英砂岩、含砾石英砂岩相变为克里塔格组台地浅海相碳酸盐岩指示一次海进过程,克里塔格组礁灰岩可视为大灭绝事件之后全球最早的珊瑚礁群落复苏代表实例之一。     

新疆西准噶尔地区泥盆-石炭系界线附近的腕足动物(长身贝类、无窗贝类及穿孔贝类)

新疆西准噶尔沙尔布尔提山地区泥盆系—下石炭统发育良好,各门类海相生物化石众多,尤以腕足类化石最为丰富。根据对采自该地区3个剖面(布龙果尔剖面、和布克河剖面、俄姆哈剖面)上腕足类的详细研究,系统描述长身贝类4属4种,无窗贝类2属3种,穿孔贝类2属2种,穿孔贝类(Dielasma cf.D.? utah(Hall and Whitfield),Cranaena cf. hannibalensis Moore)为该地区首次报道。除无窗贝类Cleiothyridina cf. kusbassica Besnossova在俄姆哈剖面可延续进入下石炭统之外,其余属种皆产自上泥盆统。上述腕足动物属于Syringothy-ris-Spirifer动物群的重要分子,时代为晚泥盆世—早石炭世,大致对应于牙形石中praesulcata带至sandbergi带(法门最晚期—早石炭世)。上述腕足动物群在组成上与北美、乌拉尔地区及库兹涅茨盆地的化石组合较为相似。     

湖南邵东早石炭世早期介形类新属种

1980—1981年,笔者在邵东组的标准地点——湖南邵东界岭王冲剖面上泥盆统锡矿山组上段(砂岩段或“岳麓砂岩”)和下石炭统岩关阶邵东组至孟公坳组采到丰富的介形类化石,这些介形类的发现将有助于湘中地区下石炭统地层的划分和对比,为泥盆系一石炭系界限的划分增添新资料。本文仅描述湖南邵东界岭下石炭统邵东组和孟公坳组部分     

甘肃靖远、景泰早石炭世维宪期植物群

祁连山和河西走廊区石炭纪地层发育,动植物化石丰富,是研究我国海陆交互相石炭系的重要地区。臭牛沟组系袁复礼(1925)所建,标准地点在甘肃武威西南35km的臭牛沟,据其中的腕足类和珊瑚化石的研究,确定其时代为早石炭世维宪期(Visean)。研究材料来自甘肃景泰和靖远的早石炭世臭牛沟组,这里的臭牛沟组厚约120m左右,由泥质页岩夹煤线、粉砂岩及薄层泥灰岩、灰岩组成,为潮间潟湖相至滨海沼泽相及泥炭沼泽相沉积。含丰富的植物化石,主要分子有Sublepidodendron sp. , Lepidodendronciyaoense sp. nov. , Lepjingyuanense sp.nov. , Lepidodendron volkmannianum , Lep. gansuense sp. nov. , Lep. shanyangense, Lep. cf. aolungpulukense,Lep. sp. 1, Lep. sp. 2, Cathaysiodendron jingyuanense, C. cf. incertum, Stigmaria ficoides, Lepidostrobophyllum cf. lanceolatum, L. rotundi folium sp. nov., Lepidostrobus sp. 1, L. sp. 2, Bothrodendron ruchengense, Archaeocalamites scrobiculatus , Hamatophyton uerticillatum , Cardiopteridium spetsbergense , C. podozamioides,Triphyllopteris collombiana , Triphyllopteris sp. ( cf. T. lescuriana Lesquereux), Rhacopteris sp. , Adiantites gothanii, Sphenopteris sp. 1, Sphenopteris sp. 2, Rhodeopteridium hsianghsiangense, R. cf. hsianghsiangense,R. cf. chinghaiense, Rhodeopteridium sp. (cf. R. lipoldi) , Paripteris gigantea , P. cardiopteroides, Linopteris sp. , Codonospermum sp. , Trigonocarpus spp. , Cardiocarpus cordai, Cordaites sp. (cf. C. schenkii Halle) 。其下伏地层前黑山组中有菊石Kazakhstania sp．,为下石炭统底部Gattendor fia带分子,其余还有孢子化石、腕足类和植物,表明为杜内期沉积;而上覆地层靖远组底部有牙形石Gnathodus bilineatus bollandensis,G．bilineatus bilineatus,Paragnathodus commutatus及P．nodosus,是我国下石炭统顶部德坞阶的一个牙形石带化石;筵化石：Mediocris breviscula,M．pilatus,M．cf．minima,Eostaffella galinae,E.cf．mediocris是我国和卅l组常见分子,也产于贵州罗甸的德坞阶(相当于早期纳缪尔阶)。臭牛沟组产有大量孢子,可分3个孢子带,分别可以和西欧维宪期孢子带(PV,TC,NM)对比。在当前的植物群中Cathaysiodendron及Bothrodendron ruchengense,Le pidodendron shanyangense的发现,对于研究早石炭世植物地理区的划分,华南和西北同期植物群的对比及东方型鳞木类的演化均具有重大意义。     

新疆东部托克逊马鞍桥剖面桑树园组刺毛-珊瑚礁的时代

新疆东部托克逊马鞍桥剖面桑树园组下部灰岩段的顶部发育了刺毛-珊瑚礁,通过对礁体及其上下地层的■类和牙形刺研究,可识别出■类3属14种,以属Eostaffella-Eostaffellina-Pseudostaffella组合为特征;牙形刺2属2种:Idiognathoides corrugatus和Idiognathodus sp.。■类Pseudostaffella antiqua,P.conspecta和P.paracompressa extensa的出现指示桑树园组灰岩段顶部相当于上石炭统滑石板阶上部,属于■类Pseudostaffella composite-P.paracompressa带。牙形刺Idiognathoides corrugatus和Idiognathodus sp.是晚石炭世巴什基尔期常见分子,对应上石炭统罗苏阶上部至滑石板阶上部。综合上述■类和牙形刺生物地层,可以确定桑树园组刺毛-珊瑚礁的时代为巴什基尔期中期(滑石板阶上部)。本文刺毛-珊瑚礁时代的确定可以为石炭纪中期生物灭绝/更替事件之后后生动物礁的复苏演化提供新认识。     

贵州东部寒武纪黔东世杷榔组腕足动物的新材料北大核心

贵州寒武纪黔东世杷榔组腕足动物由3属3种组成,其中含2新种,均属舌形贝亚门,包括舌形贝类的Lingulellotreta malongensis(Rong,1974)、博茨傅徒贝类的Diandongia circularis sp.nov.和隐孔贝类的Askepasma transversalis sp.nov.。化石产自黔东地区凯里市、剑河交榜、台江革一等地杷榔组中Arthricocephalus chauveaui-Changaspis elongata三叶虫组合带。杷榔组腕足动物组合与云南黑林铺组和乌龙箐组腕足动物组合较为相似,均含有舌形贝类、博茨傅徒贝类和神父贝类的代表。起源于早寒武世筇竹寺期的Lingulellotreta malong-ensis不仅延伸进入了沧浪铺期,还出现在较深水的陆棚斜坡环境,其演化在区域和时代分布上具有一定的继承性。杷榔组Diandongia circularis sp.nov.的发现是云南早寒武世Diandongia腕足动物辐射演化适应更宽环境的结果。Askepasma Laurie,1986仅见于澳大利亚中部Amadeus盆地Todd河早寒武世白云岩中,杷榔组该属化石的发现,可扩展其地理分布,增加该属动物分类学的新信息。     

吉林黑台的一个泥盆纪海蕾*

海蕾化石在中国是很少见的。1943年计荣森先生所描述的独山中海蕾(Mesob-lastus tushanensis Chi)是从贵州南部独山县的下石炭纪革老河统中采得的。1950年7月王钰、杨敬之二先生在吉林省密山县黑台附近的珍珠后山中泥盆黑台层中又发现一个海蕾的萼部化石,这一海蕾标本,经笔者鉴定,属于泥盆海蕾(Devonob-lastus)的一个新种,因此今将此一新种命名为黑台泥盆海蕾(Devonoblastus heitaien-sis sp.nov.)。     

贵州省惠水县王佑中泥盆世晚期的四射珊瑚(二)

贵州省惠水县王佑镇至翁赖村一带出露中泥盆统上部浅海底栖相翁赖组(新名),该组以陆源碎屑沉积居多、沉积厚度较大、群体珊瑚很少而单体珊瑚却比较发育为主要特征。其中,翁赖组上部层位与贵州独山剖面独山组鸡窝寨段相当,时代为中泥盆世吉维特期的晚期(late Givetian)。翁赖组上部之底非常特征的中华海绵珊瑚化石(Sinospongophyllum)与中泥盆统上部吉维特阶标准的腕足类化石鸮头贝(Stringocephalus)共栖。该属与华南地区中泥盆世晚期标准的内板珊瑚(Endophyllum)的内部骨骼构造非常相似,仅外部形态不同。在华南地区,内板珊瑚和中华海绵珊瑚的层位非常稳定,大致相当于吉维特阶的下varcus带。文中描述翁赖组上部四射珊瑚8属13种,包括Calceola intermediata inflata Yoh,,Cystiphylloides kwangsiense Yoh,C.secundus (Goldfuss),C.sp.,Paramixogonaria wangyouensis sp.nov.,Grypophyllum? sp.,Mictophyllum shawoziense He,M.sp.,Sinospongophyllum planotabulatum Yoh,Temnophyllum waltheri Yoh,T.poshiense Wang,T.complicatum Wang和Thamnophyllum crassum (Kong)等。它们与华南其他地区以及亚洲、欧洲、北非、澳大利亚和北美西部的同期分子都有十分密切的关系,同属于老世界生物地理大区(Old World Realm)。     

河南晚石炭世太原组的一些四射珊瑚

河南晚石炭世太原组为一套海陆交互相的含煤地层,在灰岩层中含有一些保存较好的四射珊瑚化石,过去从未报道。本文记述的四射珊瑚化石是由笔者之一梁湘沅近年来在河南巩县、鹤壁及永城地区的太原组钻孔内采得的。经鉴定有4属6种1未定种,其中5新种,它们是:Lopholasma cratoseptatatum sp.nov,Lophocarinophyllum karpinskyi Fomichev,L.misticarinum sp.nov.,L.tenuiseptatum sp.nov.,L.sp.,Tachylasma carinum sp.nov.,yakovleuiella raridissepta sp.nov.。以上珊瑚中,Lopholasma最早出现在北美中泥盆统,后见于亚洲石炭系(Hill,1981),     

Palynostratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Padeha, Khoshyeilagh, and Mobarak formations in the eastern Alborz Range (Kopet-Dagh region), northeastern Iran

A total of 113 surface samples collected from the Padeha, Khoshyeilagh, and Mobarak formations of Kuh-e-Ozum, northeast of Jajarm town were processed for palynomorphs, in order to determine age relationships. Well-preserved and abundant palynomorphs dominated by organic-walled-marine microphytoplankton (acritarchs and prasinophyte phycomata), miospores and subordinate chitinozoans, and scolecodonts were recovered. Seven species of prasinophyte phycomata (four genera), 19 acritarch species (14 genera), one species of chitinozoa, and 26 miospore species (19 genera) were recorded and assigned to eight local Assemblage Zones. Assemblage Zones I-IV occur in the Padeha Formation and suggest an Early Late Devonian (Frasnian) age whilst assemblages zones V-VII are present in the Khoshyeilagh Formation and indicate Late Devonian (Famennian) ages. Assemblage zone VIII, which occurs in the basal part of Mobarak Formation, suggests a Lower Mississippian (Tournaisian) age for this formation. Many of the palynomorph groups encountered are closely comparable with coeval assemblages recorded from Western Australia, southwest Ireland, England, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, North Africa, and South America, indicating the close relationship of the Iranian Platform to other parts of the northern Gondwana Domain during the time interval represented by these strata. The presence of marine palynomorphs (acritarchs/prasinophyte phycomata, chitinozoans, and scolecodonts), and shelly macrofauna (brachiopods, gastropods, and corals) in Member c of the Padeha Formation (as well as the Khoshyeilagh and Mobarak formations), together with associated miospores, indicate an open marine (moderately nearshore) depositional environment for the Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous deposits in northeastern Alborz Range (Kopet-Dagh region) of Iran.     

藏北申扎地区下石炭统永珠组下部孢子组合的特征及意义

报道藏北申扎永珠区德日昂玛—下拉剖面的永珠组孢子组合,发现孢子43属,70余种(包括未定种)。组合特征如下:1)缺乏欧美植物地理区早石炭世典型的石松类植物的小孢子Lycospora属及早石炭世晚期(维宪期)重要孢子属;2)出现较多早石炭世早期(杜内期),甚至泥盆纪晚期分子。呈现出新老化石的混合现象;3)北半球和南半球孢子的混合组合,同时也是冷、暖微古植物群混合,既有相当于中国早石炭世晚期大塘期以及西欧维宪期典型属种,又有南半球澳大利亚(包括巴西和非洲大陆)的维宪期的典型种。从孢子化石混合现象看,永珠组应为近岸浅水或滨海条件下的沉积,下伏地层的孢子化石再沉积现象说明当时有一次很大的海平面下降,在邻近地区出现了大面积的剥蚀区。说明杜内期末期—维宪期初期,申扎地区出现一次由冈瓦纳大陆冰川发育造成海平面相对下降。形成区域上不整合界面———洛工组或“巴日阿朗寨段”底部的不整合界面。混合孢子组合中的寒冷气候条件下的孢子化石的发现,印证了杨式溥、范影年和林宝玉推断的冈瓦纳冰川自早石炭世维宪期(大塘期)开始就影响到西藏申扎的推论。     

WUCHIAPINGIAN (LOPINGIAN, LATE PERMIAN) BRACHIOPODS FROM THE EPISKOPI FORMATION OF HYDRA ISLAND, GREECE

Abstract:  Twenty-three species of silicified brachiopods are described from four samples in the middle and upper parts of the Episkopi Formation from Hydra Island, Greece. These brachiopods are newly recorded from the region and together with previously described brachiopods from the same localities constitute the most diverse Lopingian (Late Permian) brachiopod fauna reported in southern Europe. The brachiopod fauna is Wuchiapingian as indicated by the associated conodonts. The fauna from Hydra exhibits strong palaeobiogeographical links with the faunas from South China. In addition, palaeobiogeographical affinities with the faunas of Thailand and the northern peri-Gondwanan region are also present, which implies a peri-Gondwanan origin for Hydra. Palaeoecologically, the brachiopod assemblage from sample EP in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation is dominated by pedically-attached and cementing genera and reflects moderate energy conditions above storm wave base and an abundance of hard substrates provided by sponges in the biohermal habitat. By contrast, the brachiopod assemblage in the other three samples from the upper part of the Episkopi Formation is dominated by spinose genera with a free-resting life habit, suggesting soft substrates in a quiet water environment below storm wave base on the outer part of the shelf. New taxa are Petinospiriferina gen. nov., Hustedia episkopiensis sp. nov., Waterhouseiella hydraensis sp. nov. and Xenosaria tenuis sp. nov.     

NEW CLADID AND FLEXIBLE CRINOIDS FROM THE MISSISSIPPIAN (TOURNAISIAN, IVORIAN) OF ENGLAND AND WALES

Abstract:  The modern study of fossil crinoids began with J. S. Miller who, in 1821, described specimens from southern England, nearby Wales and other regions, and named several common Early Carboniferous genera. Later, in 1950–60, James Wright monographed all known Early Carboniferous crinoids from the British Isles. In spite of such previous scrutiny, we recognize here two new genera among species already described: Glamorganocrinus gen. nov. (type species: Ophiurocrinus gowerensis Wright, 1960) from South Wales and Mendipocrinus gen. nov. (type species: Poteriocrinus latifrons Austin and Austin, 1847) from southern England. These new genera increase the number of advanced cladid genera in the Ivorian Substage of the Tournaisian in western Europe to 18, and the total number of crinoid genera to 36. A review of species assigned to Mespilocrinus has led to the recognition of M. granulifer De Koninck and LeHon, 1854 as a nomen dubium. A new species of Mespilocrinus , M. wrighti sp. nov., is described from the Ivorian of South Wales; this is the most highly derived species of the genus, as based on a phylogenetic analysis including ten species and 13 characters, with Pycnosaccus as the outgroup. A single, well-ordered tree resulted from this analysis. Interpretation of this tree suggests that the centre of evolution for Mespilocrinus was North America, where three species appeared during the Kinderhookian (early Tournaisian), rapidly achieving morphological disparity within the genus. This radiation event was part of the overall explosive radiation of crinoids following the Late Devonian mass extinction event when crinoid diversity was at a global minimum during the Frasnian. Recovery began during the Famennian, followed by an explosive radiation in the Tournaisian.     

Palynological correlation of the upper devonian and lower carboniferous in central Ireland

Miospore assemblages assigned to the PL, NV, CM and Pu Zones have been recorded from a number of boreholes which penetrated Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian and early Visean) rocks in central Ireland. The palynomorphs occur in both marine and non-marine successions, permitting correlation between these two facies. The boundary between the PC and CM Zones has been located within three sections. The palynological data suggest that the base of the marine sequence is of mid-Tournaisian (Tn2) age at Ballyvergin in the south of the area described and of uppermost Tournaisian (Tn3) or earliest Visean age around Clew Bay in the northwest.     

广西早泥盆世节甲鱼类及胴甲鱼类化石及华南早泥盆世脊椎动物生物地层对比

描述了早泥盆世的3个属种,其中节甲鱼类Yujiangolepisliujingensisgen．etsp.nov.采自广西六景,Buchanosteussp．及胴甲鱼类？Chuchinolepissp.采自广西玉林。该3件标本均产自海相地层中,与海相无脊椎动物化石共生。还讨论了华南区几个主要产脊椎动物化石（包括脊椎动物微体化石）剖面的生物地层对比。     

北祁连山东段早石炭世棘鱼类、辐鳍鱼类和软骨鱼类--北祁连山东段石炭纪鱼类序列研究之一

对甘肃靖远一带和内蒙古自治区黑山地区早石炭世前黑山组、臭牛沟组和靖远组中三亚纲鱼类微体化石进行了形态学和古组织学研究。这些化石涉及 7个目或亚目 ,含 4属 4种 ,其中有 2新种。文中记述的属均为全球广布的属。建立了 3个早石炭世鱼类组合 ,这是我国早石炭世第一个鱼类组合序列。辐鳍鱼类和软骨鱼类中 2个目的化石均为我国早石炭世鱼类的首次记录     

Early Carboniferous Flora in Southeastern Henan

The fossil plants described and illustrated were collected from the Yangshan Formation in Shangcheng and Gushi districts of southeastern part of Henan Province, namely, Lepidodendron cf. aolungpylukense Sze, L. shanyangense Wu et He, L. . cf. subrhombicum Gu et Zhi, L. sp. a, L. sp. b, Bothrodendron sp. a, B. sp. b, Lepidostrobus ? sp., Stigmaria ficoides (Sternberg) Brongniart, Archaeocalamites scrobiculatus (Schlotheim) Seward, Cardiopteridium spetsbergense Nathorst, Triph yllopteris ? sp., Rhodeopteridium hsianghsiangense (Sze) Zhang, Zhao et Wu, Paripteris cf. pseudogigantea (Potonie) Gothan, P. ? sp., Cordaites schenkii Halle, Cardiocarpus cordai (Geinitz) Gu et Zhi and Carpolithus sp., including 18 species in 11 genera. They belonged to Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, Filices, Pteridospermopsida, Cordaitopsida and Semina Gymnospermarum respectively , in which Lepidophytic plants of Lycopsida were the dominanance. The Yangshan Formation flora contains some typical Early Carboniferous elements, such as Archaeocalamites scrobiculatus, Cardiopteridium spetsbergense and Rhodeopteridium hsianghsiangense, which were fairly common from Visean to early Namurian; however, it also includes certain lepidophytic plants of the Cathaysian type, such as Lepidodendron cf. aolungpylukense, L. shanyangense and L. cf. subrhombicum, etc. On the basis of the floral composition, the geological age of the Yangshan Formation flora belonged to the late Early Carboniferous epoch, corresponding approximately to late Visean to early Namurian A. The present flora could be compared with contemporaneous floras from eastern Gansu, Shanyang of Shaanxi, South China and western Malaysia, which was closest to the Shanyang flora. In addition, the authors also discussed the distribution of late Early Carboniferous floras in other parts of the world.     

New Devonian and Carboniferous bryozoans of the Holy Cross Mountains (central Poland)

New bryozoans from the Middle-Upper Devonian (Eifelian-Frasnian) and the Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) of the Holy Cross Mountains in central Poland are described: Bigeyella sparsa gen. et sp. nov., B. separata gen. et sp. nov., Eridopora singula sp. nov., Leptotrypa pulchra sp. nov., Kysylschinipora klarae sp. nov., Coelotubulipora rara sp. nov., Alternifenestella genuina sp. nov., Exfenestella polonica sp. nov., and Rectifenestella localis sp. nov. Some paleogeographic and stratigraphic aspects of the Paleozoic deposits of this region are discussed and main bryozoan localities are described.