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比较广西北部湾石莼(Ulva lactuca L.)、海带(Laminaria japonica)、裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida Surin-gar)、紫菜(Porphyra)的单糖组成及抗氧化活性的差异,揭示多糖结构与其体外抗氧化活性的关系。利用PMP柱前衍生化HPLC分析海藻多糖的单糖组成,采用羟自由基清除试验、超氧阴离子自由基清除试验及DPPH自由基清除试验指征其体外抗氧化活性,结果表明,4种海藻多糖的单糖组成在主成分空间分布离散,石莼及紫菜主要由葡萄糖组成,海带主要由甘露糖组成,裙带菜则主要由半乳糖组成;其体外抗氧化活性存在显著差异,裙带菜多糖对DPPH的清除能力(半抑制浓度IC50值为0. 56±0. 02 mg/mL)显著高于其他3种海藻多糖;石莼、裙带菜与海带对羟自由基均有较强的清除活性,而紫菜多糖对羟自由基的清除能力较差(IC50值为26. 59±0. 98mg/mL);石莼与裙带菜对超氧阴离子的清除活性较强,显著高于海带与紫菜,其中石莼显著高于裙带菜,IC50值分别为1. 61±0. 17、2. 73±0. 06 mg/mL。相关性分析及冗余分析结果表明,对抗氧化活性影响较为显著的因子为葡萄糖(Glc)、核糖(Rib)、木糖(Xyl)(P <0. 01)。 相似文献
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在水生与气生状态下石莼光合作用对无机碳的响应 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
潮间带海藻光合作用总是处于水生 (高潮时 )与气生 (低潮时 )两种连续变化的环境状态下进行。对汕头沿岸常见的潮间带海藻石莼 (UlvalactucaL .)在水生和气生不同状态下光合作用对无机碳的响应特性进行了比较研究。在水生状态下 ,现有海水中溶解性无机碳浓度能充分饱和 (10℃和 2 0℃时 )或接近饱和 (30℃时 )石莼的光合作用 ;而在气生状态下 ,石莼光合作用受大气CO2 浓度的限制 ,且这种限制作用在较高温度 (2 0 - 30℃ )下比在低温(10℃ )下更严重。在 10℃和 2 0℃时 ,石莼在气生状态下比在水生状态下具有更高的碳饱和最大光合速率 ;而在30℃时 ,石莼在这两种状态下的碳饱和光合速率相似。石莼光合作用的Km(CO2 )值在气生状态下比在水生状态下高 ;而在气生状态下石莼对CO2 的表观光合导度远小于其在水生状态下的值。认为大气CO2 浓度升高将通过促进石莼在气生状态下的光合作用而增加其初级生产力。 相似文献
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潮间带海藻光合作用总是处于水生(高潮时)与气生(低潮时)两种连续变化的环境状态下进行.对汕头沿岸常见的潮间带海藻石莼(Ulva lactuca L.)在水生和气生不同状态下光合作用对无机碳的响应特性进行了比较研究.在水生状态下,现有海水中溶解性无机碳浓度能充分饱和(10 ℃和20 ℃时)或接近饱和(30 ℃时)石莼的光合作用;而在气生状态下,石莼光合作用受大气CO2浓度的限制,且这种限制作用在较高温度(20-30 ℃)下比在低温(10 ℃)下更严重.在10 ℃和20 ℃时,石莼在气生状态下比在水生状态下具有更高的碳饱和最大光合速率;而在30 ℃时,石莼在这两种状态下的碳饱和光合速率相似.石莼光合作用的Km (CO2)值在气生状态下比在水生状态下高;而在气生状态下石莼对CO2的表观光合导度远小于其在水生状态下的值.认为大气CO2浓度升高将通过促进石莼在气生状态下的光合作用而增加其初级生产力. 相似文献
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光照和温度对氮饥饿及饱和营养条件下石莼(Ulva lactuca)的硝态氮吸收动力学影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为探讨海藻养分吸收能力并以高效养分过滤器筛选为目标,以N饥饿和N饱和的石莼为材料,研究了3种光照及温度因子及其交互作用对不同N素营养限制状态下石莼NO3-吸收动力学特征的影响。结果表明:N饱和条件下,随着光照的增强,石莼对NO3-的最大吸收速率也增加;30℃条件下,光照强度的增加虽然使得其最大吸收速率提高,但Vmax/Km在中等光强下最大;20℃最有利于石莼对NO3-的吸收。N饥饿条件下,石莼对NO3-的吸收速率显著大于非饥饿状态。在10℃和20℃条件下,呈现与N饱和条件下相似的规律,但在30℃条件下,中等光强石莼对NO3-的最大吸收速率最高。在10℃和20℃条件下,增加光强促进石莼对NO3-的吸收,但30℃条件下光强的增加并未起到促进作用。饥饿状态下的石莼的NO3-吸收速率较高,当石莼吸收NO3-饱和时,依然可以以较低的速率继续吸收环境中的NO3-。 相似文献
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对黄渤海典型海岛的石莼属绿藻进行了调查和采集, 共采集到110 株石莼属样品。对所采集样品进行形态学观察, 就ITS、rbcL、tufA、LSU 序列进行分子系统发育分析。结果表明, 受海流条件影响较为相近的南隍城岛与獐子岛上石莼属绿藻种类组成较为相似, 都分布着孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)、缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)、浒苔(Ulva prilifera)、扁浒苔(Ulva compressa)、肠浒苔(Ulva intestinalis)、石莼(Ulva lactuca)六种石莼属绿藻; 而受海流条件影响差异较大的刘公岛上主要分布着孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)、缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)、浒苔(Ulva prilifera)、肠浒苔(Ulva intestinalis)、裂叶石莼(Ulva fasciata)五种石莼属绿藻。综合分析实地采样时观察到的石莼属形态及生境的区别, 探讨受海流条件影响不同的3 个海岛上石莼属的差异, 为石莼属绿藻生物地理学研究提供基础资料。 相似文献
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果胶是一种广泛存在于高等植物细胞壁中的大分子杂多糖,它主要由D-半乳糖醛酸、鼠李糖和阿拉伯糖等结构单元组成,在食品、化妆品和医药等领域用途较广。果胶裂解酶和果胶酸裂解酶同属于多糖裂解酶家族,都能利用反式消除裂解果胶分子骨架D-半乳糖醛酸间的α-1,4-糖苷键保护果汁特定香味的酯基团不发生改变,还不产生高毒性的甲醇。因此,这些裂解酶在果汁提取、苎麻脱胶和废水处理等工业领域具有广阔的应用前景。果胶底物的复杂结构导致了果胶酶的分类标准不一。本文从果胶底物的结构和特性,相关裂解酶的来源、序列分析、作用模式、三维结构及催化机制等方面进行综述,提高人们对微生物来源的果胶裂解酶和果胶酸裂解酶的系统认知。 相似文献
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《生物加工过程》2020,(5)
褐藻胶是由β-D-甘露糖醛酸及其C_5差向异构体α-L-古罗糖醛酸所组成的酸性多糖。褐藻胶裂解酶是多糖裂解酶的一种,可以将褐藻胶降解成寡糖或者单糖。近年来随着结构生物学的发展,越来越多褐藻胶裂解酶的结构及催化机制得到解析。本文中,笔者介绍了不同家族褐藻胶裂解酶结构以及催化机制的研究进展。根据酶序列来分,褐藻胶裂解酶分属到多糖裂解酶的7个家族;从结构上来看,褐藻胶裂解酶通常采取3种结构:β果冻卷、(α/α)_n桶状结构和β螺旋结构。褐藻胶裂解酶通过β消除的方式来降解褐藻胶,根据催化过程中有无金属离子的辅助,褐藻胶裂解酶的催化机制又可进一步分为His(Tyr)/Tyr型β消除和金属离子辅助的β消除。本文可以为褐藻胶裂解酶的应用提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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褐藻胶是由β-D-甘露糖醛酸(M)以及α-L-古罗糖醛酸(G)2种单体组成的酸性多糖。褐藻胶裂解酶作为多糖裂解酶的一种,可以温和高效地将褐藻胶降解为褐藻寡糖,并用于食品、医药和农业领域。然而天然来源的褐藻胶裂解酶通常存在活性不高、催化效率低以及热稳定性差等缺点,在一定程度上限制了其工业化应用潜力。近年来分子改造策略已经开始大量应用于褐藻胶裂解酶,使得褐藻胶裂解酶的应用性能得到极大提升。本文对已报道的褐藻胶裂解酶结构与催化机制进行总结,对改善热稳定性、提高催化效率、改变底物分布等性质的褐藻胶裂解酶分子改造策略如理性设计、定向进化、结构域截短与重组等进行系统分析与综述,并展望了未来褐藻胶裂解酶分子改造的发展方向。 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献