miR-17-5p靶向信号调节基因SIRPα调控巨噬细胞抗结核分枝杆菌的炎症反应

[目的]验证miR-17-5p对TLRs负向调控因子SIRPα的靶向性,探讨其对抗结核分枝杆菌(MTB)炎症反应的调控作用。[方法]利用生物信息学预测miR-17-5p对SIRPα的靶向性,构建SIRPα野生型和突变型报告载体,利用双荧光素酶报告法、Western Blot、激光共聚焦等技术验证miR-17-5p对SIRPα的靶向性;通过H37Ra感染THP-1巨噬细胞,用miR-17-5p mimics及其inhibitor处理细胞。利用Q-PCR检测H37Ra感染后miR-17-5p的表达;通过免疫荧光、Western Blot和ELISA等技术检测SIRPα和细胞因子TNF-α的表达情况。[结果]H37Ra感染可下调miR-17-5p表达,且随感染复数的增加,下调表达愈加显著;荧光素酶报告法、Western Blot等结果证实miR-17-5p可靶向结合SIRPα3’-UTR,下调SIRPα的表达,进而上调细胞因子TNF-α的表达。[结论]MTB可下调miR-17-5p表达,而miR-17-5p可靶向抑制SIRPα的表达,从而调控巨噬细胞抗MTB的炎症反应。     

LncRNA MALAT1在视网膜母细胞瘤组织中的表达及靶向miR-145-5p/SOX9轴对Y79细胞生物行为的影响

该文旨在探讨长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)肺腺癌相关转录本1(MALAT1)在视网膜母细胞瘤(RB)组织中的表达情况,及靶向微小RNA(miRNA)-145-5p/性别决定区Y框蛋白9(SOX9)轴对Y79细胞生物行为的影响。qRT-PCR检测RB组织和Y79细胞中MALAT1、miR-145-5p、SOX9mRNA相对表达量;荧光原位杂交(FISH)实验、双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证MALAT1、SOX9与miR-145-5p的靶向关系;将Y79细胞分为sh-NC组、sh-MALAT1组、sh-MALAT1+miR-NC组、sh-MALAT1+miR-145-5p inhibitor组、mimics-NC组、miR-145-5p mimics组、miR-145-5p mimics+pcDNA组、miR-145-5p mimics+SOX9组, MTT法和细胞克隆实验检测细胞增殖;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡; Transwell小室检测细胞迁移和侵袭; Western blot检测SOX9、Ki67、MMP9、Bcl-2、Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达情况。体内肿瘤形成实验验证...     

lncRNA XIST-miR137-ATG5调节细胞自噬功能在肠癌细胞5-氟胞嘧啶耐药性中的作用

摘要 目的：本文旨在研究长链非编码RNA XIST-miR137-ATG5的相互作用,同时探讨其调节细胞自噬功能与肠癌细胞5-氟胞嘧啶敏感性的关系。方法：实时聚合酶链反应(real time PCR)检测XIST与miR-137在肠癌细胞中的表达;采用脂质体转染法将si-XIST,miR-137转染入肠癌SW480及HCT116细胞中。采用CCK-8检测瞬时转染si-XIST对肠癌细胞增殖及5-FU敏感性的影响;并利用双荧光素酶报告实验检测miR-137与XIST, miR-137与ATG5相互关系。Western blot方法检测XIST- miR137- ATG5对细胞自噬的影响。结果：与正常结肠细胞FHC比较, XIST在结肠癌细胞系明显高表达,miR-137在结肠癌细胞系明显低表达。与阴性对照组比较,转染si-XIST后,SW480及HCT116细胞增殖能力明显受到抑制,对F-5U的敏感性增强,且抑制自噬蛋白Beclin-1及LC3II/LC3 I的表达。miR-137可与XIST,ATG5 3''UTR结合,抑制XIST和ATG5的表达及功能。在结肠癌SW480细胞中共转染miR-137 inhibitor或过表达ATG5可逆转XIST沉默引起的5-FU耐药,同时可逆转因XIST沉默引起的自噬蛋白表达的抑制。结论：LncRNA XIST或可通过调控mir137-ATG促进结直肠癌细胞SW480自噬从而提高其对5-FU的耐药,针对其这一机制,可为将来针对结肠癌的靶向治疗提供一定的实验基础。     

MiR-21靶向调控Mfn2对缺血再灌注损伤肾小管上皮NRK-52E细胞自噬及凋亡的影响

摘要 目的：探讨miR-21对缺血再灌注损伤肾小管上皮细胞自噬及凋亡的影响及其与线粒体融合素2（mitochondria fusion protein mitofusin2,Mfn2）的靶向关系。方法：将大鼠近端肾小管上皮细胞株NRK-52E细胞按处理方式不同分组：I/R+control mimics组（转染control mimics后缺氧3 h/复氧3 h）,I/R+miR-21mimics组（转染miR-21mimics后缺氧3 h/复氧3 h）,I/R组（缺氧3 h/复氧3 h）及对照组（正常培养）。选取30只Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠,随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注模型组(I/R组)。取大鼠肾组织进行HE染色,自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）,四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法（MTT）检测细胞增殖能力,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,实时荧光定量PCR检测细胞自噬和凋亡相关基因LC3-Ⅱ、LC3-Ⅰ、Beclin1、Bcl-2、Bax及Mfn2 mRNA表达,Western blot法检测细胞自噬和凋亡相关蛋白的表达,荧光素酶实验验证miR-21与Mfn2的靶向关系。结果：Sham组大鼠血清BUN、Cr水平,大鼠肾组织细胞凋亡率高于I/R组（P<0.05）。I/R组大鼠肾组织肾小管结构紊乱,大量炎症细胞浸润。Sham组大鼠肾组织miR-21水平高于I/R组（P<0.05）。48 和 72 h 时,I/R+miR-21 mimics组细胞活力明显低于I/R+control mimics组,I/R组及对照组（P<0.05）,I/R组细胞活力低于对照组（P<0.05）。I/R+miR-21mimics组凋亡率显著高于I/R+control mimics组,I/R组及对照组（P<0.05）,I/R组凋亡率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组比较,I/R组细胞Beclin1、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、Bax蛋白及基因mRNA表达量升高,Bcl-2蛋白及基因mRNA表达量降低（P<0.05）;与I/R组比较,I/R+miR-21mimics组细胞Beclin1、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、Bax蛋白及基因mRNA表达量升高,Bcl-2蛋白及基因mRNA表达量降低（P<0.05）。miR-21与Mfn2具有靶向关系。结论：miR-21可靶向Mfn2促进肾缺血再灌注损伤引起的凋亡及自噬。     

结核分枝杆菌ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白对小鼠巨噬细胞自噬功能的影响

目的研究结核分枝杆菌（MTB）ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白对小鼠巨噬细胞自噬功能的影响。方法H37Rv菌株感染小鼠巨噬细胞后加入纯化的重组ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白,通过透射电镜检测自噬体的形成。提取细胞总RNA和蛋白,以实时定量RT-PCR及Western blot方法检测自噬相关基因（atg）分子水平和蛋白表达水平。结果ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白可抑制小鼠巨噬细胞自噬体的形成,并导致atg分子表达水平下降,其中atg8表达量下降最为明显。结论MTB ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白通过调控atg分子表达水平影响小鼠巨噬细胞自噬功能。     

肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞自噬体与结核分枝杆菌相互作用的研究

目的:检测LC3在肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞A549上的表达情况,及结核分枝杆菌刺激后对其表达的影响,探讨自噬在结核分枝杆菌感染上皮细胞中所起的作用。方法:体外培养肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞A549,在结核分枝杆菌感染A549细胞0h,24h分别提取RNA,采用RT-PCR的方法检测LC3mRNA的表达情况。采用凋亡坏死染色试剂盒在结核分枝杆菌感染24h后检测对照组,3-MA组,MTB组和3-MA+MTB组的细胞坏死情况。在结核分枝杆菌感染A549细胞4h,8h,16,24h采用Non-Radioactive Cytocity Assay的方法检测对照组,3-MA组,MTB组和3-MA+MTB组上清液LDH的OD值。结果:LC3在肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞显著表达,结核分枝杆菌感染后LC3表达降低。细胞凋亡和坏死染色结果显示空白组和3-MA组没有明显差异(P>0.05),MTB组和3-MA+MTB组有明显差异(P<0.05)。LDH检测显示MTB组和3-MA+MTB组上清液LDH的OD值数据两两之间有明显差异(P<0.05)并且有时间依赖性。结论:肺泡II型上皮细胞自噬体在抵抗结核分枝杆菌的感染过程中起一定的作用。     

miR-1271-5p靶向PDK1促进胃癌细胞凋亡

目的 探讨miR-1271-5p在胃癌的作用和可能的作用机制。方法 RT-qPCR和原位杂交法检测胃癌组织和胃癌细胞株中miR-1271-5p的表达。Lipofectamine 2000转染miR-1271-5p mimics后,噻唑蓝（MTT）法和台盼蓝染色法检测SGC-790细胞的活性,Annexin V/PI染色检测细胞凋亡,JC-1探针检测线粒体膜电位,Western blot检测PDK1/Akt/凋亡信号相关蛋白的表达。荧光素酶法以及功能修复实验评估miR-1271-5p与PDK1的靶向关系。结果 胃癌组织和细胞中miR-1271-5p的表达降低。转染miR-1271-5p mimics后,SGC-790细胞的存活率下降,凋亡率上升,线粒体膜电位以及Bcl-2和p-AKT表达降低,Bax和Cleaved caspase-3表达增高。PDK1为miR-1271-5p的靶基因,过表达PDK1能逆转miR-1271-5p对胃癌细胞的促凋亡作用。结论 过表达miR-1271-5p可促进胃癌细胞凋亡,其机制可能与其靶向PDK1进而抑制AKT信号活性有关。     

上调miR-216a-5p通过靶向双特异性磷酸酶10抑制胃癌细胞自噬并增强放射敏感性

摘要 目的：探究miR-216a-5p对胃癌细胞自噬和放射敏感性的调控机制及其对双特异性磷酸酶10（DUSP10）的调控作用。方法：采用直线加速器6-MV X射线照射SGC-7901细胞,剂量率为0.8Gy/min,总剂量为8Gy。用Lipofectamine 2000试剂将miR-216a-5p mimic、NC mimic、pcDNA DUSP10或pcDNA NC转染到SGC-7901细胞中。转染后,将细胞分为miR-216a-5p mimic组和NC mimic组,每组又分为0Gy和8Gy两个亚组。在拯救实验中,将细胞分为miR-216a-5p mimic+pcDNA DUSP10组和miR-216a-5p mimic+pcDNA NC组。通过qRT-PCR检测miR-216a-5p和DUSP10 mRNA水平。通过5-乙炔基-2''-脱氧尿苷（EdU）掺入实验和集落形成测定检测细胞增殖。通过流式细胞仪评估细胞凋亡。通过Western blot检测DUSP10、Bax、Bad、Bcl-2、LC3和p62的蛋白表达。通过免疫荧光法检测γH2AX的表达,用于评估细胞中的DNA双链断裂（DSB）。通过荧光素酶报告基因检测miR-216a-5p和DUSP10的靶向关系。通过GFP-mRFP-LC3检测自噬体。结果：与8Gy NC-mimic组相比,8Gy miR-216a-5p-mimic组的集落数量、EdU阳性率和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平降低,而γH2AX阳性率、细胞凋亡率和Bax和Bad蛋白表达水平升高（P<0.01）。与8Gy NC-mimic组相比,8Gy miR-216a-5p-mimic组的自噬体数量和LC3II蛋白表达水平降低,而p62蛋白表达水平升高（P<0.001）。与miR-216a-5p-mimic共培养后,与DUSP10-3''-UTR-MUT组相比,DUSP10-3''-UTR-WT的相对荧光素酶活性显著降低（P<0.001）。与NC-mimic组相比,miR-216a-5p-mimic组的DUSP10 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均降低（P<0.001）。与miR-216a-5p mimic+pcDNA NC组相比,miR-216a-5p mimic+pcDNA DUSP10组的集落数量和自噬体数量升高,而细胞凋亡率降低（P<0.001）。结论：miR-216a-5p通过抑制DUSP10来抑制细胞增殖、增加放射诱导的细胞凋亡并抑制放射诱导的自噬,从而增强胃癌细胞的放射敏感性。     

miR-34a在幼鼠海马神经元细胞增殖和凋亡中的作用

目的:探讨miR-34a在幼鼠海马神经元细胞增殖凋亡中的作用。方法:分离幼鼠海马神经元细胞,转染miR-34a抑制剂(miR-34a inhibitor)、抑制剂对照(inhibitor control)、miR-34a模拟物(miR-34a mimics)、模拟物对照(mimics control),RT-PCR检测细胞中miR-34a表达水平。MTT检测转染后细胞增殖情况。流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。Western blot检测细胞中Cleaved-caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax的表达水平。结果:转染miR-34a inhibitor可以抑制miR-34a的表达,miR-34a mimics可以促进miR-34a的表达。miR-34a mimics对细胞增殖抑制率明显高于mimics control组(P0.05),miR-34a inhibitor组抑制率明显低于inhibitor control组(P0.05)。miR-34a inhibitor组神经元细胞凋亡率明显低于inhibitor control组(P0.05),miR-34a mimics组神经元细胞凋亡率明显高于mimics control组(P0.01),inhibitor control组和mimics control组神经元细胞凋亡率差异不显著(P0.05)。miR-34a inhibitor组Cleaved-caspase-3、Bax蛋白表达量低于inhibitor control组,差异显著(P0.05);miR-34a inhibitor组Bcl-2蛋白表达量高于inhibitor control组,差异显著(P0.05);miR-34a mimics组Cleaved-caspase-3、Bax蛋白表达量高于mimics control,差异显著(P0.05);miR-34a mimics组Bcl-2蛋白表达量低于mimics control,差异显著(P0.05)。结论:miR-34a抑制海马神经元细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与调控Cleaved-caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax表达有关。     

LINC00680通过靶向miR-195-5p调控IL-17诱导的肺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭

该文主要讨论LINC00680靶向调控miR-195-5p对IL-17诱导的肺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。将肺癌细胞H1299分为Control组、IL-17组、IL-17+si-NC组、IL-17+si-LINC00680组、IL-17+si-LINC00680+anti-miR-NC组、IL-17+si-LINC00680+anti-miR-195-5p组。采用qRT-PCR检测LINC00680和miR-195-5p的表达;克隆形成实验、MTT检测细胞增殖情况;Transwell实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力;Western blot检测Ki67、E-cadherin、N-cadherin蛋白表达水平;荧光素报告实验验证LINC00680和miR-195-5p靶向关系。与Control组比较,IL-17组LINC00680相对表达量、克隆细胞数、细胞活力、迁移细胞数、侵袭细胞数、Ki67和N-cadherin蛋白合成产物明显增加,E-cadherin蛋白、miR-195-5p相对表达量明显减少。与IL-17+si-NC组比较,IL-17+si-LINC00680组LINC00680...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.