黄颡鱼MHC class II基因全长的克隆及饲料维生素D3对其组织表达的影响

为进一步丰富鱼类MHC class II基因的研究, 同时也为进一步探讨低磷饲料中添加维生素D₃对鱼类免疫功能可能的影响, 实验利用RACE (Rapid-amplification of cDNA ends) 即cDNA末端快速扩增技术, 成功克隆出黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)主要组织相容性复合体(Major histocompatibility complex, MHC) class II基因, 全长1074 bp, 其中ORF (Open reading frame)708 bp, 编码236个氨基酸, 5′UTR (5′端非翻译区)78 bp, 3′UTR (3′端非翻译区)259 bp。进行氨基酸序列比对分析得到: 黄颡鱼MHC class II基因ORF氨基酸序列与长吻逘(Leiocassis longirostris)的氨基酸序列相似度最高为69.5%, 与锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio)的氨基酸序列相似度最低为50.4%。利用qPCR对黄颡鱼MHC class II基因进行组织表达分析, 结果表明MHC class II在小肠、肝脏、鳃中表达较高; 在肌肉、鳍条中表达较低; 而在肾、脾脏、脑、头肾中表达量极低(几乎检测不到)。在低磷饲料中添加维生素D₃显著诱导了该基因的上调表达。研究结果展示了黄颡鱼MHC class II基因的分子结构、组织表达以及维生素D₃的作用, 在降低磷排放的同时, 为今后黄颡鱼免疫抗病及分子选育等方向的深入研究及免疫型饲料的使用奠定了基础。     

棉花咖啡酰辅酶A-O-甲基转移酶基因的克隆及特征分析

根据棉花纤维特异表达cDNA文库得到的咖啡酰辅酶 A-O-甲基转移酶基因EST序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR技术从棉花中克隆了一个CCoAOMT基因,命名为GhCCoAOMT2.GhCCoAOMT2基因cDNA(GenBank登录号为FJ376606)具有一个747 bp的开放阅读框,5′非编码区为12 bp,3′非编码区为243 bp,编码248个氨基酸,预测分子量约为28.023 kD,等电点为5.39.GhCCoAOMT2基因组序列长度为1 442 bp,包含4个外显子和3个内含子.氨基酸同源分析发现,GhCCoAOMT2与来自毛白杨、烟草和苎麻的CCoAOMT同源性较高.半定量RT-PCR检测表明,GhCCoAOMT2基因在棉花各个组织中都有表达,其中茎部的表达量最高.原核表达分析表明,最佳诱导表达条件为0.2 mmol/L IPTG在37℃下诱导6 h.     

普通烟草K^＋通道基因NKT4的克隆、序列和表达分析

通过比对拟南芥、胡萝卜、番茄和马铃薯的K+通道氨基酸序列得到了保守序列,设计1对简并引物,利用RT-PCR获得3条490bp的普通烟草K+通道基因中间片段.以其中一条中间片段设计特异性引物,应用RACE方法得到5′末端和3′末端cDNA序列.通过拼接并结合全长克隆及测序验证,获得一个未报道的普通烟草K+通道基因,并将其命名为NKT4(GenBank登录号为FJ233071).NKT4的cDNA全长为2937bp,其中5′非编码区45bp、编码区2679bp、3′非编码区213bp;编码区编码892个AA.构建了一个烟草、拟南芥及相关植物K+通道蛋白的系统进化树.基因表达分析表明,NKT4主要在烟草主根和侧根中表达,在烟草叶中也有少量表达.     

二化螟热休克蛋白70基因的克隆及热胁迫下的表达分析

热休克蛋白70是已知热休克蛋白家族中最重要的一种, 它在细胞内的大量表达可以明显改善细胞的生存能力, 提高对环境胁迫的耐受性。为探讨热胁迫对二化螟Chilo suppressalis幼虫热休克蛋白70表达的影响, 采用RT-PCR及RACE技术从二化螟血淋巴细胞中克隆了热休克蛋白70基因全长cDNA序列。该基因全长2 102 bp, 开放阅读框 (open reading frame, ORF)为1 959 bp, 编码652个氨基酸; 5′非编码区（untranslated region, UTR)为81 bp, 3′UTR为62 bp。从该基因推导的氨基酸序列与其他昆虫的同源序列比较有很高的相似性（73%~97%)。实时定量PCR显示二化螟HSP70基因能被热胁迫诱导表达, 幼虫血淋巴细胞的HSP70基因在36℃时表达量最高。流式细胞术研究发现HSP70在蛋白质水平上的表达变化与在mRNA水平上高度一致, 说明二化螟HSP70基因在转录及翻译水平上受到热应激的调节。     

西伯利亚蓼铜伴侣蛋白基因在盐胁迫条件下的表达分析

铜伴侣蛋白是细胞质中负责传递铜离子的一种小分子转运蛋白,在逆境胁迫过程中铜伴侣蛋白的ATX1家族具有消除活性氧的作用．本研究应用RACE技术从西伯利亚蓼中克隆了具有完整编码区的铜伴侣蛋白全长cDNA序列,命名为PsATX-1．PsATX-1基因全长516 bp,其中开放读码框为228 bp,编码75个氨基酸,5′非编码区为83 bp,3′非编码区为204 bp．GenBank中登录号为EU620702．经比对发现,该基因所编码蛋白拥有重金属结合位点MXCXXC,缺少多数高等植物铜伴侣蛋白(CCH)所特有的C末端结构域（CTD）．实时荧光定量PCR分析显示,PsATX-1基因在西伯利亚蓼的地下茎、茎、叶中皆有表达,其中叶中表达量最高;PsATX-1基因受3% NaHCO3胁迫诱导,在不同部位表达模式有差异．     

珊瑚藻R-藻红蛋白γ亚基基因的克隆(英文)

根据珊瑚藻(Corallina afficinalis L.)R-藻红蛋白γ亚基N末端部分氨基酸序列(P83592)设计简并引物,结合RACE方法,扩增获得g亚基的全长cDNA序列。结果表明,序列全长为2308 bp(AY209894),5′非编码区长1203bp,3′非编码区长145 bp,编码区长960 bp,编码320个氨基酸组成的前体,包含71个氨基酸构成的信号肽和249个氨基酸组成的成熟蛋白。成熟蛋白序列内部存在重复序列与前人的报道一致。珊瑚藻亚基cDNA序列不同克隆子的测序结果表明,g亚基cDNA序列存在不同的3′末端,说明该基因可能存在多个拷贝或存在转录后加工。此外,扩增获得g亚基DNA序列(AY308999),比较表明编码区内部没有内含子存在。本文是对珊瑚藻R-藻红蛋白g亚基基因序列的首次报道。     

棉花生长素应答因子克隆和序列分析

通过电子克隆和RACE相结合的方法,从陆地棉中克隆到一个新ARF基因。序列分析表明,该基因序列全长为2393其中包括87bp的5′非编码区(5′UTR),1941bp的蛋白质编码区,终止密码子TAA和362bp的3′非编码区。该基因可编码647个氨基酸的蛋白质,分子量为71.9kD,等电点(PI)为8.2。该基因含有一个与拟南芥中ARF基因相似的B3结构域和一个Auxin_resp结合位点,表明该基因与拟南芥ARF基因有很高的同源性,推测具有相似或相同的功能。     

羊草OEE1基因的克隆及盐胁迫下的表达

从羊草(Leymus chinensis )叶片cDNA文库中克隆得到可能编码33 kD的光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)外周蛋白(oxygen-evolving enhancer protein1,OEE1)全长cDNA(GenBank登录号为EF583851),命名为LcOEE1.序列分析结果表明,该cDNA全长1 107 bp,5′非编码区为32 bp,3′非编码区为71 bp,编码区长987 bp,编码328个氨基酸.BALSTp比对发现,该基因氨基酸序列与已报道的小麦和水稻中的OEE1序列具有95%和94%的相似性.聚类分析表明,该基因与小麦和水稻的亲缘关系较近,与拟南芥和菠菜OEE1基因的亲缘关系较远.Northern杂交结果表明,在200 mmol/L的NaCl处理7 d的幼叶中,OEE1 mRNA的表达量明显高于未处理的对照,说明羊草中OEEl基因受盐诱导.     

热胁迫下八字地老虎hsc70基因在不同组织转录表达差异性分析

【目的】为探讨八字地老虎Xestia c-nigrum(Linnaeus)Xe-hsc70基因表达与高温耐受性之间的关系,比较热胁迫下Xe-hsc70基因在不同组织中诱导表达的差异。【方法】本研究以八字地老虎4龄幼虫为研究对象,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆获得编码热激同源蛋白70(70 ku heat shock cognate,HSC70)的基因(命名为Xe-hsc70)cDNA全序列与基因组DNA序列(Genomic DNA,gDNA),并利用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting技术,比较分析不同热胁迫温度及不同热诱导时间下八字地老虎4龄幼虫体内马氏管、中肠、体壁、脂肪体与唾腺5个组织中Xe-hsc70基因在mRNA转录与蛋白表达两水平上相对表达量的变化。【结果】比较分析克隆得到的Xe-hsc70基因cDNA全序列和gDNA序列,结果表明Xe-hsc70基因含有8个内含子,最大内含子(561 bp)位于5′端非编码区,并含有一个类似热激应答原件HSE的核心结构序列(gaatatgCaGAAtgTTCcaGaa),其余内含子(长度在86~218 bp之间不等)均在编码区内,本研究首次报道了八字地老虎hsc70内含子的具体数目及位置。组织差异性分析显示:在常温25℃条件下,Xe-HSC70在脂肪体中表达量最高,在唾腺中表达量最低;经热激诱导后中肠、唾腺与体壁组织中Xe-HSC70的表达量与对照(25℃)相比显著上调,随着热激时间的延长,表达量呈现出先升高后恢复至对照水平的变化趋势,脂肪体和马氏管Xe-HSC70表达量与对照相比无明显变化。【结论】八字地老虎不同组织在应对热胁迫的过程中,抗逆机制具有明显的差异。Xe-HSC70的不断积累是八字地老虎对热胁迫不断适应的一个过程,其组织中Xe-hsc70基因的高表达在八字地老虎抗热胁迫的过程中起着重要作用,并为从分子水平上研究八字地老虎的抗逆机理提供依据。     

白桦肌动蛋白(Actin)基因全长cDNA克隆与序列分析

以白桦(Betula platyphylla Suk.)次生木质部为材料,用改良CTAB方法提取总RNA。根据植物肌动蛋白(Actin)基因编码区的保守序列设计引物后进行RT-PCR,并采用RACE技术扩增出Actin基因全长序列。该基因cDNA全长1 785 bp,序列分析表明,该基因编码区1 134 bp,编码377个氨基酸,5′非编码区157 bp,3′非编码区495 bp。所得序列与GenBank中注册的其它植物肌动蛋白核苷酸序列的相似性均在80%以上,氨基酸序列的相似性高达96%以上。此基因已在GenBank注册（EU588981）。根据高等植物肌动蛋白相似性构建了进化树,表明白桦肌动蛋白与蓖麻肌动蛋白之间的亲缘关系最为密切,在进化中分化时间最为接近。     

Molecular identification and expression of heat shock cognate 70 (HSC70) in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Heat shock protein 70s (HSP70s) are fundamental chaperone proteins that are indispensable to most living organisms. In order to investigate the function of HSP70 and heat shock response in shrimp, a heat shock cognate (HSC70) gene of the white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), containing a 1959-bp open reading frame, was cloned and characterized. The amino acid sequence, 71.5 kDa of molecular weight, shares 80-99.6% homology with 12 diverse species' HSP70s and HSC70s. In fact, some segments of the eukaryotic HSC70 sequence, such as ATP/GTP-binding site, cytoplasmic HSP70 C-terminal sequence, and GGMP/GAP repeats, are also found in the putative shrimp HSC70. Moreover, multi-tissue RT-PCR was performed to assay the basal expressions of HSC70 in the heart, gill, hepatopancreas, stomach, gut, and muscle. The results demonstrate that the basal expressions of HSC70 in theses organs are similar to that of beta-actin. Furthermore, quantitative real-time experiments showed that HSC70 was up-regulated in hepatopancreas (4.6-fold), stomach (5.9-fold), gut (2.6-fold), and muscle (3.5-fold) but not in the heart (1.7-fold) and gill (1.6-fold) after 2 h of heat shock. Nevertheless, the HSC70 was found to be highly expressed in the heart and gill following 6 h of heat shock. This suggests that HSC70 in white shrimp possess both short-term and long-term responses to heat shock stress, indicating this HSC70 may be a heat-dependent HSC70 member. Finally, we constructed an expression vector to generate HSC70 in Escherichia coli BL21, which displayed immune cross-reactivity with mouse HSP70 antibody. In conclusion, the identification and expression of white shrimp HSC70 gene present useful data for studying the molecular mechanism of heat shock response and the effect of heat shock proteins in shrimps' cytoprotection.     

克氏原螯虾一种诱导型HSP70基因克隆及分析

克氏原螯虾是我国淡水虾类养殖的重要品种,具有很强的抵御各种环境胁迫和各种刺激的能力。本文以该虾为对象,通过基因克隆以及从基因水平探讨HSP70s与环境应激之间的关系,为深入研究水生无脊椎动物HSP70s功能提供基础。采用RT-PCR和RACE方法从克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）心脏组织中克隆得到一种HSP70 cDNA（scHSP70）,其全长为2271bp,包括1902bp的完整编码序列、142bp的5′及221bp的3′端非翻译区, GenBank登陆号DQ301506。基因组DNA扩增表明该基因仅由一个外显子组成。根据cDNA序列推导出scHSP70由635个氨基酸组成,分子量为69.6kD,理论等电点为5.34。该序列存在真核细胞HSP70家族的三个特征标签。SWISS-MODEL蛋白三维结构预测显示scHSP70在N端形成ATP酶结构域,在近C端形成底物肽结合结构域。克氏原螯虾在系统发生树上的进化地位与传统分类学相一致。半定量RT-PCR实验表明,scHSP70有广泛的组织分布,在心脏中表达量最高,在血液中最少。热激后该基因大量表达,说明该基因是一种诱导型HSP70。这为从蛋白水平研究克氏原螯虾HSP70与环境应激之间的关系提供基础。     

Differential regulation of HSC70, HSP70, HSP90 alpha, and HSP90 beta mRNA expression by mitogen activation and heat shock in human lymphocytes

A subset of heat shock proteins, HSP90 alpha, HSP90 beta, and a member of the HSP70 family, HSC70, shows enhanced synthesis following mitogenic activation as well as heat shock in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In this study, we have examined expression of mRNA for these proteins, including the major 70-kDa heat shock protein, HSP70, in mononuclear cells following either heat shock or mitogenic activation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), ionomycin, and the phorbol ester, tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate. The results demonstrate that the kinetics of mRNA expression of these four genes generally parallel the kinetics of enhanced protein synthesis seen following either heat shock or mitogen activation and provide clear evidence that mitogen-induced synthesis of HSC70 and HSP90 is due to increased mRNA levels and not simply to enhanced translation of preexisting mRNA. Although most previous studies have focused on cell cycle regulation of HSP70 mRNA, we found that HSP70 mRNA was only slightly and transiently induced by PHA activation, while HSC70 is the predominant 70-kDa heat shock protein homologue induced by mitogens. Similarly, HSP90 alpha appears more inducible by heat shock than mitogens while the opposite is true for HSP90 beta. These results suggest that, although HSP70 and HSC70 have been shown to contain similar promoter regions, additional regulatory mechanisms which result in differential expression to a given stimulus must exist. They clearly demonstrate that human lymphocytes are an important model system for determining mechanisms for regulation of heat shock protein synthesis in unstressed cells. Finally, based on kinetics of mRNA expression, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that HSC70 and HSP90 gene expression are driven by an IL-2/IL-2 receptor-dependent pathway in human T cells.     

Cloning and expression analysis of a HSP70 gene from Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai)

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), the primary member of HSPs that are responsive of thermal stress, is found in all multicellular organisms and functions mostly as molecular chaperon. The inducible HSP70 cDNA cloned from Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), was highly homologous to other HSP70 genes. The full-length cDNA of the Pacific abalone HSP70 was 2631bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 90bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 573bp with a canonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA and a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame of 1968bp. The HSP70 cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 655 amino acids with an ATPase domain of 382 amino acids, the substrate peptide binding domain of 161 amino acids and a C-terminus domain of 112 amino acids. The temporal expression of HSP70 was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR after heat shock and bacterial challenge. Challenge of Pacific abalone with heat shock or the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio anguillarum resulted in a dramatic increase in the expression of HSP70 mRNA level in muscle, followed by a recovery to normal level after 96h. Unlike the muscle, the levels of HSP70 expression in gills reached the top at 12h and maintained a relatively high level compared with the control after thermal and bacterial challenge. The upregulated mRNA expression of HSP70 in the abalone following heat shock and infection response indicates that the HSP70 gene is inducible and involved in immune response.     

三角帆蚌热休克蛋白70基因克隆及其表达分析

对三角帆蚌HSP70基因序列进行全长克隆及其分子生物学分析,并检测其在不同水温刺激下鳃组织中的表达变化。通过高通量转录组测序获得三角帆蚌HSP70基因（HcHSP70）长片段,采用3'RACE对其进行了3'末端克隆,经拼接得到HcHSP70 cDNA全长序列。采用多种分子生物学软件对HcHSP70 cDNA全长序列进行了特征分析,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了其组织分布,并结合Western-blot技术检测蚌鳃中该基因mRNA与蛋白经不同水温刺激后的表达变化。结果显示,HcHSP70 cDNA全长为2298 bp,其中开放阅读框为1974 bp,编码657个氨基酸。预测分子量大小为71.6 Ku,pH7.0时的理论等电点为5.61。氨基酸序列分析表明,HcHSP70氨基酸序列含HSP70家族的3个标签序列（I₉DLGTTYS₁₆、I₁₉₇FDLGGGTFDVSIL₂₁₀和I₃₃₆ VLVGGSTRIPKVQK₃₅₀）,与长牡蛎及泥蚶的HSP70同源性最高（91%）。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,HcHSP70在鳃、性腺、肝胰腺、外套膜及肌肉等5种被检组织中均有表达,以肝胰腺中的表达水平最高。实时荧光定量PCR与Western-blot技术检测皆表明,蚌鳃组织中HcHSP70基因与蛋白的表达量在37℃时达到最高,而在40℃水温刺激下表达水平下调至正常值,表明其在适应高温刺激时发挥了重要作用。     

Molecular identification and expression of heat shock cognate 70 (<Emphasis Type="Italic">HSC</Emphasis>70) in the pacific white shrimp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litopenaeus vannamei</Emphasis>

Heat shock protein 70s (HSP70s) are fundamental chaperone proteins that are indispensable to most living organisms. In order to investigate the function of HSP70 and heat shock response in shrimp, a heat shock cognate (HSC70) gene of the white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), containing a 1959-bp open reading frame, was cloned and characterized. The amino acid sequence, 71.5 kDa of molecular weight, shares 80–99.6% homology with 12 diverse species’ HSP70s and HSC70s. In fact, some segments of the eukaryotic HSC70 sequence, such as ATP/GTP-binding site, cytoplasmic HSP70 C-terminal sequence, and GGMP/GAP repeats, are also found in the putative shrimp HSC70. Moreover, multitissue RT-PCR was performed to assay the basal expressions of HSC70 in the heart, gill, hepatopancreas, stomach, gut, and muscle. The results demonstrate that the basal expressions of HSC70 in theses organs are similar to that of β-actin. Furthermore, quantitative real-time experiments showed that HSC70 was upregulated in hepatopancreas (4.6-fold), stomach (5.9-fold), gut (2.6-fold), and muscle (3.5-fold) but not in the heart (1.7-fold) and gill (1.6-fold) after 2 h of heat shock. Nevertheless, the HSC70 was found to be highly expressed in the heart and gill following 6 h of heat shock. This suggests that HSC70 in white shrimp possess both short-term and long-term responses to heat shock stress, indicating this HSC70 may be a heat-dependent HSC70 member. Finally, we constructed an expression vector to generate HSC70 in Escherichia coli BL21, which displayed immune cross-reactivity with mouse HSP70 antibody. In conclusion, the identification and expression of the white shrimp HSC70 gene present useful data for studying the molecular mechanism of heat shock response and the effect of heat shock proteins in shrimps’ cytoprotection. Published in Russian in Molekulyarnaya Biologiya, 2008, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 265–274. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Reduction of HSP70 and HSC70 Heat Shock mRNA Induction by Pentobarbital After Transient Global Ischemia in Gerbil Brain

Abstract: The effect of pentobarbital on the induction of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and heat shock cognate protein (HSC) 70 mRNAs after transient global ischemia in gerbil brains was investigated by in situ hybridization using cloned cDNA probes selective for each mRNA species. In sham control brains, HSP70 mRNA was scarcely present, whereas HSC70 mRNA was present in most cell populations. After a 5-min occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries, HSP70 and HSC70 mRNAs were induced together in several cells and were especially dense in hippocampal dentate granule cells at 3 h, but the strong hybridization of the mRNAs continued only in hippocampal CA1 cells by 2 days. At 7 days after the ischemia, CA1 neuronal cell death was apparent, and the HSP70 mRNA disappeared and HSC70 mRNA content returned to the sham level, except for in the CA1 cells. Pretreatment with pentobarbital (40 mg/kg, i.p.) greatly reduced or inhibited the induction of HSP70 and HSC70 mRNAs at both early (3-h) and late (2-day) phases after ischemia. The drug also prevented CA1 cell death at 7 days along with the maintenance of expression of HSC70 mRNA at the sham control level. Hypothermic effects of pentobarbital were noted at 30 and 60 min after the reperfusion, whereas at 2 h there was no statistical significance between the control and drug-treated groups. The great reduction of HSP70 and HSC70 mRNA induction at both early and late phases after ischemia suggests that pentobarbital reduces intra- and/or postischemic stress and may protect CA1 cells from ischemic damage. These effects of the drug may be mainly due to its specific action rather than its hypothermic effects.