悬浮培养HEK-293 N3S细胞生产重组腺病毒Ad-GFP的实验研究

利用5L生物反应器悬浮培养HEK-293N3S细胞生产携带绿色荧光蛋白基因的重组腺病毒(recombinant adenovirus-greenfluorescent protein,Ad-GFP),为规模化生产腺病毒基因药物建立一种稳定可行的生产工艺。复苏的种子细胞进行逐级放大最后接入5L搅拌式生物反应器中,采用含5%胎牛血清(FBS)的DMEM/F12培基灌流培养293N3S细胞,当细胞密度达到(2~4)×106个/mL时感染Ad-GFP,48h后收获细胞,经两步氯化铯超速离心获得纯化的Ad-GFP。采用紫外分光光度计比色法和高压液相色谱法(HPLC)测定病毒颗粒数和纯度,采用组织培养半数感染剂量(TCID50)法检测腺病毒的感染滴度。连续培养10~12d,细胞密度可达到(2~4)×106个/mL左右,纯化的Ad-GFP感染滴度和颗粒数分别为1.0×1011IU/mL和1.68×1012VP/mL,比活性为6.0%,A260/A280比值为1.33,产品纯度达到99.2%。建立了5L生物反应器悬浮培养293N3S细胞生产重组腺病毒Ad-GFP的生产工艺,对携带其他基因的重组腺病毒药物生产具有一定的指导意义。     

无载体固定化培养模式下HEK293细胞的生长和代谢特征

利用HEK293细胞在悬浮培养体系中下具有聚集成团的体外培养特性,在250ml的spinner flask搅拌式细胞培养瓶中以悬浮细胞团的形式实施HEK293细胞的无载体固定化培养,以细胞密度、细胞活力、细胞团粒径分布和葡萄糖比消耗率 (qglc)、乳酸比产率 (qlac)、乳酸转化率 (Ylac/glc)、氨基酸消耗为观察指标,同时设置静止培养体系作为参照,考察无载体固定化培养模式下的HEK293细胞生长和代谢特征。观察结果表明,HEK293细胞在搅拌式细胞培养瓶中无载体固定化培养和在组织培养瓶中静止贴壁培养表现为基本相同的细胞生长和代谢特征,平均粒径小于300μm的细胞团中的物质传递能够满足HEK293细胞维持正常生长和代谢的基本需要。HEK293细胞的无载体固定化培养便于实施灌注操作、提高生物反应器单位体积的生产效率。     

悬浮培养HEK-293 N3S细胞生产重组腺病毒Ad-GFP的实验研究

利用5L生物反应器悬浮培养HEK-293 N3S细胞生产携带绿色荧光蛋白基因的重组腺病毒(recombinant adenovirus-green fluorescent protein,Ad-GFP),为规模化生产腺病毒基因药物建立一种稳定可行的生产工艺。复苏的种子细胞进行逐级放大最后接入5L搅拌式生物反应器中,采用含5％胎牛血清（FBS）的DMEM/F12培基灌流培养293 N3S细胞,当细胞密度达到(2～4)×10⁶个/mL时感染Ad-GFP,48h后收获细胞,经两步氯化铯超速离心获得纯化的Ad-GFP。采用紫外分光光度计比色法和高压液相色谱法（HPLC）测定病毒颗粒数和纯度,采用组织培养半数感染剂量（TCID₅₀）法检测腺病毒的感染滴度。连续培养10～12d,细胞密度可达到(2～4)×10⁶6个/mL左右,纯化的Ad-GFP感染滴度和颗粒数分别为1.0×10¹¹IU/mL和1.68×10¹²VP/mL,比活性为6.0%,A₂₆₀A₂₈₀比值为1.33,产品纯度达到99.2%。建立了5L生物反应器悬浮培养293 N3S细胞生产重组腺病毒Ad-GFP的生产工艺,对携带其他基因的重组腺病毒药物生产具有一定的指导意义。     

NIPSNAP3A短发夹RNA腺病毒载体的构建及病毒包装

目的:构建靶向NIPSNAP3A的短发夹RNA(shRNA)腺病毒载体,干扰HEK293A细胞中NIPSNAP3A的表达。方法:设计靶向NIPSNAP3A的shRNA,插入穿梭质粒pENTRY,通过Gateway法获得腺病毒颗粒pAd-NIPSNAP3A-shRNA,转染HEK293A细胞,在细胞内包装获得腺病毒。结果:重组腺病毒载体经酶切鉴定正确,制备的病毒感染效率高,能显著抑制NIPSNP3A蛋白的表达。结论:干扰HEK293A细胞NIPSNAP3A表达的shRNA重组腺病毒载体构建成功。     

重组腺病毒Ad-GFP的纯化

目的：用色谱法纯化制备携带绿色荧光蛋白基因的重组腺病毒。方法：采用5L生物反应器悬浮培养HEK-293N3S细胞进行病毒的扩增,冻融法裂解细胞,通过超滤、Source15Q离子交换层析和Sepharose4Fast Flow凝胶过滤层析进行分离纯化,采用分光光度法和高效液相色谱法分析重组腺病毒产品的纯度,采用组织培养半数感染剂量方法测定病毒的感染滴度。结果：通过两步色谱层析得到产品,经分光光度法分析,其D260nm/D280nm比值为1.21,高效液相色谱法分析其纯度达96.5%,产品滴度为1.0×1011U/mL,病毒颗粒数为1.76×1012/mL,比活性为5.68%。结论：确定了稳定可行的重组腺病毒色谱分离工艺,得到的产品在纯度、滴度和比活性等方面均符合国家食品药品监督管理局的标准。     

表达猪γ干扰素的重组腺病毒的构建和活性鉴定

以刀豆素A(ConA)诱导的梅山猪外周血淋巴细胞中提取的总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR方法克隆扩增出全长猪γ干扰素基因(PoIFNγ,501bp)。测序结果证实扩增得到的PoIFNγ与GenBank上所报道的猪γ干扰素基因同源性为100%。将PoIFNγ插入腺病毒穿梭载体pShuttle-CMV,与腺病毒骨架载体pAdEasy-1同源重组。在293A包装细胞系中成功包装成完整的病毒粒子。将此重组后的腺病毒连续接种传至第10代,每代提取病毒基因组,PCR均能扩增出目的片段,以细胞病变抑制法(CPE50)测定干扰素生物活性达1.3×106U/mL,证明该种表达猪γ-干扰素的重组腺病毒能稳定传代。     

HAX1和EGFP共表达重组腺病毒载体的构建、鉴定

目的构建和鉴定HAX1和EGFP双基因共表达重组腺病毒载体。方法采用DNA重组技术,将目的基因HAX1克隆至含有报告基因EGFP的穿梭质粒pAdTrack—CMV中,并转化于大肠埃希菌DH5a;筛选出重组质粒pAdTrack—CMV—HAX1,并在BJ5183细菌中与pAdEasy-1质粒进行同源重组,产生重组腺病毒载体;用lipofectamine将其转染HEK293细胞,包装携带全长HAX1的重组复制缺陷型腺病毒pad—HAX1-EGFP,酶切和序列测定鉴定;用制备好的Ad—HAX1-EGFP感染HEK293细胞,流式细胞术检测其感染效率,RT—PCR、Western印迹鉴定外源基因HAX1的表达。BrdU检测感染了Ad—HAX1-EGFP的HEK293细胞增殖情况。结果pAdTrack—CMV—HAX1重组质粒构建成功。pAdTrack—CMV—HAX1质粒与pAdEasy-1质粒同源重组后与预期结果相符。构建好的Ad—HAX1-EGFP能有效感染HEK293细胞;外源基因能在239细胞中有效表达。HAX1高表达的HEK293细胞其增殖率得以提高。结论成功构建了表达HAX1和EGFP共表达的重组腺病毒载体,HAX1能够促进结肠癌细胞HEK293细胞的增殖。     

一种改进的重组腺病毒载体的包装和克隆纯化方法

目的:重组腺病毒载体是目前使用最多的病毒载体之一。常用的AdEasyTM包装系统在制备条件复制型腺病毒时易混有野生型腺病毒或可复制型腺病毒(RCA),在HEK293细胞中包装出的重组腺病毒必须经过2～3轮噬斑的筛选,费时费力。本实验拟对常规包装方法进行改进。方法:将腺病毒载体质粒转染至HEK293细胞过程中的液体培养基更换为琼脂糖凝胶的混合培养液,因为凝胶形成的阻碍,包装出的病毒不能通过细胞-培养液-细胞的方式进行扩散,只能依靠细胞-细胞的方式来扩展而形成病灶(噬斑);然后随机挑选单个噬斑进行PCR鉴定,筛选出特异的目标病毒。结果:采用常规方法在HEK293细胞中初包装出的腺病毒,同源重组产生的RCA已被检测到。采用改进方法制备的重组腺病毒,能排除背景病毒的干扰,使重组腺病毒载体的包装和克隆纯化一步完成;利用此病毒初步在体外实现了对人肝癌细胞的特异性杀伤。结论:改进的方法是一种高效、简便、快捷地包装并纯化重组溶瘤腺病毒的方法,采用该方法包装的重组溶瘤腺病毒能满足实验的需要。     

高渗胁迫和灌流培养策略提高HEK 293细胞生产重组腺病毒载体产量

由于各种疾病在全球范围内的肆虐,国际市场对重组腺病毒载体(adenoviral vector,Adv)疫苗的需求量急剧增加,而工艺研究是解决这一问题的有效手段之一。在细胞接毒前施加高渗胁迫可以提高分批培养模式下的Adv产量,新兴的灌流培养也可以显著提高Adv的产量。将高渗胁迫工艺与灌流培养相结合,有望进一步提升高细胞密度生产过程中的Adv产量。本研究利用摇瓶结合拟灌流培养作为生物反应器灌流培养的缩小模型,使用渗透压为300–405 mOsm的培养基研究了高渗胁迫对细胞生长和Adv生产的影响。结果显示,在细胞生长阶段使用370 mOsm的高渗透压培养基,在病毒生产阶段使用300 mOsm的等渗透压培养基的灌流培养工艺有效地提高了Adv的产量。进一步研究发现这可能归因于病毒复制后期HSP70蛋白的表达量增加。将这种工艺放大至生物反应器中,Adv的产量达到3.2×10¹⁰ IFU/mL,是传统灌流培养工艺的3倍。本研究首次将高渗胁迫工艺与灌流培养相结合的策略应用于HEK 293细胞生产Adv,同时揭示了高渗胁迫工艺增产Adv的可能原因,为HEK 293细胞生产其他类型Adv的工艺优化提供了借鉴。     

视黄酸核受体γ重组腺病毒构建及其鉴定

目的构建携带大鼠视黄酸核受体γ（retinoic acid receptor γ,RARγ）的重组腺病毒,为研究RAR3,在骨髓间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs）成神经分化中的作用奠定基础。方法体外扩增大鼠础研基因,将其定向克隆至腺病毒穿梭质粒pAd Trace—TOX构建重组质粒pAdTrace—RARγ,并在BJ5183菌中与骨架质粒pAd Easy-1重组获得腺病毒载体pad—RARγ,Pac I酶切后转染HEK293细胞包装腺病毒。腺病毒Ad—RARγ感染大鼠MSCs,Real—time PCR和Western印迹检测RARγ的表达。结果PCR,酶切及测序均证实础研正确克隆至腺病毒质粒载体中,Ad—RARγ对MSCs感染率达60％～70％,并明显增强础研基因和蛋白的表达。结论成功构建携带RARγ的重组腺病毒,并具有上调大鼠MSCsRA脚基因和蛋白表达的功能。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.