La redécouverte du site de Moulin Quignon (Somme) et les premiers Acheuléens du Nord-Ouest de l’Europe (650 ka)

New surveys were undertaken in Abbeville in 2016 and 2017 on the site of the Moulin Quignon discovered before 1850 by Boucher de Perthes, relocated thanks to the archival work carried out by MNHN researchers. This research led 150 years later to the rediscovery of this emblematic Paleolithic site. Test pits and extensive excavation have led to the discovery of alluvial levels in situ and a lithic series composed of 254 fragments, 15 cores and 5 bifaces. The cores and flakes attest to in situ debitage on flint nodules according mainly to unipolar and centripetal unifacial technology, except for one core, which indicates a management on several debitage surfaces. The bifaces are diversified morphologically and technically (shaping modes). They attest to a general management of the bifacial volume and geometry of the tool, to the care taken at the tip of the tool and to the regularisation of the often peripheral edges. They resemble those discovered by Boucher de Perthes in 1837–1868 and described in the past as “Abbevillian”. Stratigraphic and ESR age studies on quartz date human occupation between 670 and 650 ka. These artifacts belong to the earliest Acheulean occupation ever dated in the Somme basin and more generally north of the 50th parallel north. The lithic series discovered at Moulin Quignon is indisputable proof of the presence of human occupations dated at more than 650 ka in the Somme valley, a natural pathway to northern sectors, present-day Great Britain. This discovery thus ages (1) the age of the oldest occupation in the North of France (previously 550 ka) and (2) the age of the oldest bifaces for Northwest Europe (100 ka older than the bifaces in Great Britain).     

Biostratigraphie et Poissons fossilesde la formation de l'Argile de Boom (Oligocène moyen du Bassin Belge)

The Clay of Boom, Rupelian (R₂c of BelgianGeological Map) was sampled in five quarries of the type area (Sint-Niklaas, Steendorp, Schelle, Terhagen, Kruibeke) for otoliths and other fish remains.At the moment 65 species are known from this unit, of which 31 are represented in our samples by otoliths or teeth. The fish fauna of the Clay of Boom is essentially a marine fauna suggesting that the clay was deposited in a calm, rather deep part of the continental shelf.The Elasmobranch fauna has no biostratigraphic value, although 5 new species were identified: Pristiophorus rupeliensis, Raja casieri, Raja cecilae, Raja heinzelini and Raja terhagenesis.The Teleostean fauna is dominated by Gadidae.a typical Northern Atlantic group, and includes one species new to science «genus Gadidarum ensiformis. The dominance of Gadids reflects the progressive replacement of the Indo-Pacific fauna existing during the Eocene, by a more Atlantic one. Some of the 69 lithological subunits recognized on lithological features, are also characterized by different otolith associations and can be correlated in the different quarries sampled. Some of these (49, 41 and 35) are further more characterized by a high frequency of otoliths; therefore these can probably be localised in borings and used for correlation. The Teleostean - otoliths permit a local biozonation of the Clay of Boom. The upper part of the clay is limited below by bed 38 and characterized by the association Argentina parvula - «genus Gadidarum parvus (typical form), the middle part by «genus Gadidarum parvus (thick-set-form) and the lower part of which bed 30 forms the top is characterized by the association Raniceps tuberculosus - Trisopterus elegans. In this part of the clay otoliths are scarce.     

Analyse spectrophotométrique du phytochrome dans l'embryon de Courge (Cucurbita pepo) et de Potiron (Cucurbita maxima)

Summary Phytochrome detection and (O.D.) measurements were made for the first time in a single embryo of pumpkin or gourd thanks to an apparatus adjusted to the differential spectrophotometer constructed by Dr. Spruit (Wageningen). Observed (O.D.) values are comparable with usual values obtained by analysis of several seeds in a cuvette. The differential spectrum obtained has the same characteristics as the spectra of seedlings and seeds which can be found in the present literature. The time course of phytochrome appearance in a single pumpkin embryo showed the different phases previously described in lettuce seeds. Use of masks which delimit different areas on the embryo made it possible to locate changes in phytochrome concentration. Analysis of pieces cut off from embryos and packed into a cuvette showed the existence of a decreasing concentration gradient from the cotyledons to the vegetative axis.

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Ce travail a été réalisé au laboratoire de Physiologie des Plantes de Wageningen (Pays-Bas) où nous avons reçu l'hospitalité et les conseils du Dr Spruit. Nous avons bénéficié de la collaboration technique de Mlle D. Eude.     

Étude palynologique du pliocène de la côte d'azur (France) et du littoral ligure (Italie)

Pollen analysis of Pliocene marine clays in coastal Alps paleogulfs is supported by biostratigraphic records according to foraminifers and accessorily to nannoplankton. From the seashore up to elevated areas, the region was occupied by forests mostly constituted by Gymnosperms (Taxodiaceae particularly). The Lower Pliocene vegetation was also characterized by local differences related to the substratum. Pollen assemblages changed in the Earliest Piacenzian; this event is probably to be related to a climatic fluctuation already evidenced in the Northwestern Mediterranean region.     

Sélaciens nouveaux du London Clay de l'Essex (Yprésien du bassin de Londres)

The Ypresian locality of Burnham-on-Crouch(Essex) has yielded numerous Selachian species, some of which are new: Hexanchus agassizi sp. nov., Scyliorhinus burnhamensis sp. nov., S. casieri sp. nov., S. pattersoni sp. nov., S. woodwardi sp. nov., Pararhincodon ypresiensis sp. nov., Triakis wardi sp. nov., Mustelus whitei sp. nov. The Hexanchid teeth classicaly refered to Notidanus serratissimusAg. include in fact two separate species belonging to different genera: Notorhynchus serratissimus (Ag.) and Hexanchus agassizi sp. nov. Lamna affinis (Casier) is arranged in the genus Isurolamna nov. in consideration of his dental peculiarities. The genus Burnhamia nov. is created for Rhinoptera daviesiWoodward that can be regarded as a Mobulid. Oxyrhina sheppeyensisCasier must be classified in the genus Anomotodon. The genus Triakis, Mustelus, Anomotodon and Pararhincodon are pointed out for the first time in the Ypresian.     

Contexte géographique et géologique du site de Kocabaş, Bassin de Denizli,Anatolie, Turquie

The site of Kocaba? is located in the Denizli Basin, in western Anatolia, 400 km southwest of Ankara, 360 km south of Istanbul, 200 km east-southeast of Izmir and 150 km northwest of Antalya. The Denizli Basin depression, at the junction of the Buyuk Menderes and Gediz grabens, which began to form at the beginning of the Miocene, was filled in around the edges, along fault lines, by significant travertine formations, some of which are still active today. The age of the Kocaba? travertines, which yielded the Kocaba? Homo erectus skullcap, was evaluated by thermoluminescence at 828,000 years, by electron spin resonance (ESR) at 1,110,000 years and by the ²⁶Al/¹⁰Be cosmogenic nuclide method to more than 1.22 Ma and less than 1.5 Ma, a date which has been confirmed by magnetostratigraphy and biochronology.     

« Sens et essence du monde et du moi onirique » dans <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rêve et Existence</Emphasis> de Ludwig Binswanger

This paper reflects on one of Ludwig Binswanger’s best-known essays, in an effort to clarify the mode of existence of the person within the oneiric world and, therefore, the manifestation mode of that world itself. The author argues that what matters most in the expression of that world is not that it consists of images, but that it is devoid of syntax. This makes it both global and perfective and explains why nothing in it is actually determined by the ego of the dreamer. Its space has no horizon, no perspective and no vantage point, and its temporality is in gestation (chronogenetics), with no concept of the separation of present, past and future. It is characterised by process and lacking in structure. In addition, it is strangely familiar, because it echoes the past in a way that indicates inevitable fate. While the dreaming ego is well folded into that world, its mode of existence remains impersonal; it doesn’t decide for itself, and it doesn’t confront what is coming. The strangeness encountered is not that of the Other, but that of the stranger the ego perceives within itself. Dreaming, therefore, offers the opportunity for human beings to experience existence when it is still undecided — Freud called it the id and Schelling Gemüt — in a place where the ego has not yet become a person. It is only in the waking world that people can integrate their still inchoative egos and give them a destination.     

Tumeurs du grêle et du côlon : importance de l’anatomie en coupes

The aim of this article is to describe the anatomic specificities of each different digestive tumors in CT imaging and to show the interest of contrast-enhanced CT and bowel opacification. Some specific points about lymph nodes of the abdomen and peritoneum anatomy will be discussed.     

L'âge du complexe récifal des côtes de meuse entre verdun et commercy et la stratigraphie de l'oxfordien dans l'est du bassin de Paris

The question of the age of «Hauts de Meuse coral rag is studied again using new faunas of brachiopods and ammonites collected above, below and inside the coral rag. Ammonites fauna of the well known «Calcaires de Creuë is revised. Results obtained agree closely.The «Hauts de Meuse coral rag grew up during Middle Oxfordian time; and extend part of the Plicatilis zone (Antecedens Subzone) and the whole Transversarium Zone up to the basis of the Bifurcatus Zone, for the first time identified in Lorraine. So it span a short depositional time, about 1 MY, with a high deposition rate, the thickness of the coral rag being more than 100 meters, reaching 150 meters in Saint-Mihiel area. Towards SE, on the other side of the Marne Gap, the sudden change into basinal facies go with a reducing of thickness and deposition rate.Upper Oxfordian deposits show a relative uniformity of facies and thickness. At the top of Middle Oxfordian limestones, the age of the discontinuity and the Sequanian renewal of deposition is basal Bifurcatus Zone. Erosional renewal and terrigeneous deposits are a wide spread event by the beginning of Upper Oxfordian.In the paleontological part, species upon which are based new ages and interpretations are only figured, except the species new or with new paleontological data, which are described. Type specimen of Perisphinctes mosensisBayle, from the «Calcaires de Creuë, is described and photographically figured for the first time.     

Innervation du muscle rétracteur antérieur du byssus (ABRM) de Mytilus edulis L. et de Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk.

Summary Specific and non specific cholinesterase activities were demonstrated in the ABRM of Mytilus edulis L. and Mytilus galloprovincialis L. by means of different techniques. The results were found identical for both species: neuromuscular junctions en grappe-type scarcely distributed within the ABRM, contain AChE.According to the histochemical inhibition tests, (a) the eserine inhibits AChE activity of the ABRM with a level of 5·10^–5 M or higher, (b) the ChE non specific activities are inhibited by iso-OMPA level between 5·10^–5 to 10^–4 M.The histo- and cytochemical observations were completed by showing the existence of neuromuscular junctions containing small clear vesicles: they probably are the morphological support for ACh presence.Moreover, specific and non specific ChE activities were localized in the glio-interstitial cells. AChE precipitates were developped along the ABRM sarcolemma, some muscle mitochondria and in the intercellular spaces remain enigmatic.

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L'auteur dédicace cette contribution à son père, Mr. Anthime Gilloteaux à l'occasion de son 75ème anniversaire     

Toxicité aigüe et bioconcentration du lindane et de la deltaméthrine par les tetards de Rana temporaria et les gambusies (Gambusia affinis)

Acute toxicity and bioconcentration capacities of lindane and deltamethrin were studied in Rana temporaria tadpoles and in mosquitofish. These studies show that the toxicity of deltamethrin is about 100 to 1 000 times greater than that of lindane and bioconcentration factors are very different for these two insecticides. The bioconcentration factor of lindane, a stable chemical, low volatility, hydrophobic and a poorly metabolized molecule is considerable in either static or flow through contamination systems. For deltamethrin, an quickly metabolized molecule, this factor is weak or null. Moreover a comparison of various methods of contamination (static or flow through systems) showed that the experimental conditions of exposure to the insecticide strongly influence the concentration in the tested species.

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Toxicité aigüe et bioconcentration du lindane et de la deltaméthrine par les tetards de Rana temporaria et les gambusies (Gambusia affinis)

     

Les faunes d'ammonites du Carixien inférieur et moyen du gisement des Cottards (Cher)

The study of the traditional Cottard layer forthe first time allows the exact succession of lower and middle Carixian ammonites to be established.The most striking fact is the evolution of the Tropidoceras-Acanthopleuroceras lineage, a regular modification of the ribbing density and L¹ structure, an iterative variation of section and tuberculization.Precisions are given on Polymorphites and Beaniceras and three new species are described: Polymorphites evolutus, Beaniceras cottardiense, Acanthopleuroceras alisiense.     

Ultrastructure du lobe postérieur de l'hypophyse du rat et ses modifications au cours de l'excrétion de vasopressine

Résumé Le lobe postérieur de l'hypophyse a été examiné sur coupes ultrafines chez 45 rats (24 normaux, 17 déshydratés respectivement 1, 2 et 4 jours, et 4 anesthésiés à l'éther), après fixation au glutaraldéhyde ou selon la méthode de Karnovsky, post-fixation osmiée et double contraste à l'acétate d'uranyle et au citrate de plomb. Des fibres neurosécrétoires sombres et claires sont reconnaissables, mais les données manquent encore pour interpréter cette différence. Des densifications juxta-membranaires sont observées dans les terminaisons neurosécrétoires là où se trouvent des amas de microvésicules. Des fibres neurosécrétoires traversent parfois des pituicytes; il est aussi souvent observé des fibres, chargées de granules, libres dans un espace péricapillaire. Les espaces péricapillaires, ramifiés en tous sens loin des vaisseaux, développent une large surface de contact avec les extrémités nerveuses et les prolongements de pituicytes.Dans des conditions techniques bien contrôlées, la déshydratation n'entraîne pas de modifications appréciables des granules de neurosécrétat après 24 h. Ensuite les granules sont diminués en nombre, de façon très considérable le 4e jour; mais les granules restants ont un contenu dense normal; jamais il n'a été observé d'aspects de granules vides . Après anesthésie prolongée à l'éther, il n'y a aucune modification visible ni du nombre, ni de la densité des granules. Ces observations sont discutées quant au mécanisme de l'excrétion de vasopressine; elles sont en faveur de l'existence de deux pools hormonaux, l'un libre et rapidement disponible, l'autre plus fortement lié et certainement contenu dans les granules jouant le rôle de réserve. Toutefois un mécanisme d'exocytose granulaire ne peut être formellement exclu.

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Ultrastructure of the rat's hypophysial neural lobe and it's changes during vasopressin release

Summary Hypophysial neural lobes of 45 rats (24 controls, 17 dehydrated resp. 1, 2 and 4 days, and 4 ether anesthetized) were fixed either with glutaraldehyde or according to Karnovsky and post-fixed in osmium tetroxyde; ultrathin sections were stained by uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Dark and clear neurosecretory fibres were observed, but sufficient data are still lacking for a valuable interpretation of these aspects. Juxta-membraneous densifications are visible in limited areas of neurosecretory terminals where clusters of microvesicles are present. Neurosecretory fibres happen to be completely encircled by pituioyte cytoplasm; fibres loaded with elementary granules are frequently encountered running free in a pericapillary space. Pericapillary spaces stretch out branching far away from vessels, resulting in a widespread contact with nerve terminals and pituicyte processes.In accurately controlled technical conditions, dehydratation does not result in any noticeable change of neurosecretory granules after 24 h. A decrease of the number of granules follows and is extremely conspicuous after 4 days; though, remaining granules keep a normal dense content, and aspects of empty granules have never been observed. After prolonged ether anesthesia, no visible change either in number or electron density of granules was observed. These findings are discussed in consideration of the mechanism of vasopressin release; they support the hypothesis of two hormonal pools, one of which would be free and rapidly available for release, the other being more tightly bound and certainly located in granules representing a storage site. Though granular exocytosis cannot be absolutely excluded.

Travail effectué avec l'aide, en matériel et en assistance technique, du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. — Nous remercions particulièrement Mme J. Bottini pour son aide précieuse dans la préparation du manuscrit et Mr. B. Dutillet pour sa participation aux contrôles en microscopie optique.     

Mammouth et comportements de subsistance à l’Épigravettien : analyse archéozoologique du secteur de la fosse no 7 associée à l’habitation no 1 de Mezhyrich (Ukraine)

Zooarchaeological analyses were carried on new large mammal bone materials, from the Epigravettian (Late Upper Palaeolithic) site Mezhyrich (Ukraine), in the pit n^o 7 area associated with the mammoth bone dwelling n^o 1. The results exhibit a usage of the pit as a dump area of food and technical remains from mainly mammoth, hare and fox processing, and bone fuels. The information about mammoth procurement by the last Palaeolithic hunter–gatherers in Eastern Europe allows to document the hunting activities on the mammoth populations, which were probably already weakened at the end of the Pleistocene.     

Étude des macro-, méso- et micro-charbons du site épigravettien de Mezhyrich (Ukraine) : données taphonomiques et anthracologiques

This paper is the state of the art of charcoal signal studies (macro-, meso- and micro-charcoal) that have been carried out at the Epigravettian settlement of Mezhyrich. This work took part of the French ANR project “Mammouths”. Charcoal signals have been found in both natural and archaeological (pits and activity areas) deposits that have been sampled during the 2007–2008 archaeological excavations. This study aims at discussing the natural versus anthropic causes of those charcoal signals. Microscopic charcoal have been observed and quantified from loess sediments; they are probably the consequence of regional fire regimes. Charcoal signals found in archaeological layers would be mainly caused by human activities. The major charcoal signal is observed within the microscopic part of the archaeological sediments and thereby underlines the intensity of taphonomic processes. The identification of wood charcoal shows that birch and willow were located along the riverbanks, which provides further discussion of prehistoric fuel management in Pleniglacial context.     

Germes à tropisme cellulaire (Chlamydiae,Mycoplasmes) et perturbation de la fécondance du sperme

Many factors are liable to be risk factors for fertility in the human male. Among these factors, semen infections are frequently quoted, and more specially semen infections with chlamydia trachomatis and those with mycoplasma. In this review of the literature, the author focused on the potential effects of such chlamydia or mycoplasma infections upon the fertilization ability of spermatozoa, as assessed through semen parameters, fertilization rate     

Controle de la multiplication et de la polyploïdie des hepatocytes du rat

Résumé L'injection de substances irritantes de nature chimique variée perturbe les mécanismes qui contrÔlent la multiplication des hépatocytes du rat.Les très jeunes rats réagissent de faÇon intense et reproductible. 15 heures après l'injection il se produit une augmentation brève et intense du nombre des cellules entrant en phase S de sorte que les divisions cellulaires, qui normalement auraient été réparties sur les 30 ou 40 prochaines heures, débutent en l'espace de 2 heures seulement. La croissance hépatique a pris une importante avance qui est suivie par une période de diminution du nombre des mitoses due à une rétroaction inhibitrice.La réaction des rats plus âgés met en évidence un mécanisme inhibiteur permanent qui entraÎne une réponse moins intense et moins régulière.La production d'hépatocytes binucléés et polyploÏdes parait liée à ce mécanisme inhibiteur.La régularité et la sensibilité des réactions des très jeunes rats en fait un matériel de choix pour l'étude des mécanismes régulateurs de la croissance hépatique.

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Control of multiplication and polyploidy of rat hepatocytesA study of the perturbations of physiological regulation induced by injection of irritants

Summary The injection of irritating substances of various chemical nature disturbs the mechanisms regulating the multiplication of rat hepatocytes.The reaction of baby rats is intense and reproducible. It results, 15 hours after the injection, in an increase of the number of cells entering the S phase, so that practically all the divisions which would normally have been scattered over 36 hours are initiated within 2 hours. This burst of synchronized mitosis corresponding to a 36 hours advance in the hepatic growth is followed by a decrease of mitoses due to a feed-back inhibition.The reaction of older rats brings to evidence a permanent inhibitory mechanism that results in a less regular and intensive response.The production of binucleated and polyploÏd hepatocytes seems to be correlated to this inhibitory mechanism.The regularity and sensivity of the baby rat reactions make them a choice material for the study of hepatic growth.