硫酸软骨素快速提取法研究

采用先高温蒸煮后加稀碱与酶解相结合 ,并用氯仿反萃取的方法提取硫酸软骨素 ,与其它提取方法相比较 ,缩短了一半工艺流程 ,同时提高了纯度和提取率 ,减轻了碱法提取所带来的环境污染。     

硫酸软骨素快速提取法研究

硫酸软骨素是用于治疗冠心病、神经系统疼痛及链霉素引起的肝脏障碍和肝炎辅助治疗的药物,来源于动物的软骨。本文采用先高温蒸煮后加稀碱与酶解相结合的方法提取药物,并用氯仿反萃取,较其他方法缩短了原工艺一半流程,提高了纯度,减轻了碱盐提取所带来的环境污染。     

硫酸软骨素的提取和纯化分离技术

介绍了硫酸软骨素的来源、结构、性质及其生理功能,对硫酸软骨素的提取、纯化及分离技术进行了综述。     

硫酸软骨素研究现状

硫酸软骨素是从动物软骨中提取的黏性多糖,在医药、化妆品和食品工业上有广泛的用途,市场前景广阔。本对硫酸软骨素的性质和用途做了简要的介绍,并阐述了近几年硫酸软骨素生产工艺的发展状况。     

黄鳝骨硫酸软骨素提取纯化的初步研究

在稀碱-酶解提取基础上,辅以超声波破碎从黄鳝（Monopterus albus）骨中提取硫酸软骨素（Chondroitin Sulfate,CHS）。比较了三氯乙酸（TCA）法、Sevag法和等电点法除蛋白的效果,并进行了多糖的乙醇分级沉淀实验;粗品经离子交换树脂（CM22）和透析膜（3500Da）透析进一步分离纯化。研究结果表明酶解后用TCA法除蛋白效果好,再加入除蛋白液2倍体积95％乙醇可使大部分CHS沉淀析出;精制品经鉴定含有硫酸基,CHS含量达92．31％;琼脂糖凝胶电泳和红外吸收光谱结果显示精制品与标准CHS相似,初步确定提取物为CHS类多糖。     

硫酸软骨素提取工艺的研究

硫酸软骨素是生物界广泛存在的酸性粘多糖,广泛存在于动物的器官软骨。以猪器官软骨为原料,采用碱提取和酶解相结合的方法提取硫酸软骨素,利用正交实验对碱提取过程中的温度,碱浓度以及提取时间等三个关键因素进行优化,并对硫酸软骨素成品的相关指标进行检测。正交实验结果表明,最佳的碱提取条件为：温度40℃、提取时间8h、碱提取浓度为0．15g／mL。在此条件下获得的碱提取液,通过酶解、脱色、醇沉、干燥,得到白色硫酸软骨素成品,总得率为20％,各项指标均符合国家部颁标准,达到出口要求。     

膜分离技术在硫酸软骨素分离方面的应用

介绍了硫酸软骨素的生产工艺 ,应用膜分离技术对现有工艺进行了改进 ,使硫酸软骨素纯度达 95 .2 % ,收率提高3% ,并且简化了操作     

鹿茸硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖的分离纯化研究

报道了用DEAE-纤维素(DE-23)离子交换柱层析从鹿茸二杠中分离、纯化及鉴定硫酸软骨素的方法.首先用适量蒸馏水浸泡鹿茸二杠并将其捣碎,离心取沉淀用盐酸胍浸提,浸提液对尿素液透析后经DEAE-纤维素(DE-23)离子交换柱层析,吸附大量的硫酸软骨素;再用含盐尿素溶液梯度洗脱、分离后,经软骨素酶消化及琼脂糖凝胶电泳, 与硫酸软骨素标准品比较,证实得到的物质为纯的硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖,其得率约为48.77%.该方法使硫酸软骨素分离纯化一步完成,大大简化了纯化步骤.     

硫酸软骨素对慢性酒精中毒大鼠脑损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨硫酸软骨素对慢性酒精中毒脑损伤的作用及可能机制.方法:雄性 Wistar 大鼠60只随机分为6组,酒精模型组以剂量为8ml·kg-1·d-150%的酒精每天灌胃一次,纳洛酮药物组给予乙醇半小时后腹腔注射纳洛酮0.08mg·k-1·d-1,硫酸软骨素低、中、高剂量干预组在酒精模型组的基础上分别给予硫酸软骨素50、100、150mg·kg-1·d-1,空白对照组给予等体积的蒸馏水,持续2周;第三周把50%的酒精的剂量递增为12mg·kg-1·d-1,持续灌胃6周.在第八周末实验结束后取血,分离血清,留取脑组织.HE染色观察各组大鼠神经细胞的变化.生化测定各组大鼠血清及脑组织匀浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性以及脂质过氧物终未产物丙二醛(MDA);并测定脑皮质中β-内啡肽含量(β-EP).结果:模型组大鼠大脑皮质和海马区神经元数量明显减少,神经细胞排列紊乱.硫酸软骨素中剂量组大鼠大脑皮质和海马区神经细胞排列层次较清晰.与酒精组相比较,硫酸软骨素中剂量组大鼠血清和脑组织匀浆中MDA含量明显降低(P<0.01),脑皮质中β-内啡肽含量明显降低(P<0.01);GSH-PX含量及SOD活性显著升高(P<0.01).结论:硫酸软骨素对大鼠慢性酒精中毒脑损伤具有保护作用.     

硫酸软骨素对慢性酒精中毒氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:研究硫酸软骨素时慢性酒精中毒氧化损伤的保护作用.方法:60只Wistar大鼠随机分成六个组:空白组给予蒸馏水,酒精模型组给予50%的酒精8 ml·kg-1·d-1灌胃,纳洛酮组在给予酒精三十分钟后腹腔注射纳洛酮0.08mgkg-1·d-1,硫酸软骨素低、中、高剂量组在酒精模型组的基础上分别给予硫酸软骨素50,100和150mg·kg-1·d-1.两周后酒精的剂量增加到12mg·kg-1d-1.在第八周末,分离大鼠脑组织,观察大鼠神经细胞.用生物方法测定大鼠脑组织中GSH-PX、SOD、MDA以及Ache的活性.结果:模型组大鼠大脑皮质和海马区神经细胞的数量明显减少并且排列紊乱;和酒精模型组相比较,硫酸软骨素中剂量组大脑皮质和海马区神经细胞排列较整齐,酒精+Chondroitin组脑组织中MDA的含量和Ache降低(P＜0.01),GSH-PX的含量和SOD的活力均明显增加(P＜0.01).结论:硫酸软骨素时慢性酒精中毒氧化损伤具有保护作用.     

发酵法生产硫酸软骨素的研究进展

硫酸软骨素是一种典型的硫酸化糖胺聚糖,具有多种药物活性,广泛应用于药品、保健品及化妆品行业。硫酸软骨素是动物软骨中蛋白聚糖的主要成分和少数几种细菌的荚膜多糖,因此可利用动物提取法和发酵法进行生产。以下综述了硫酸软骨素的发酵生产及其合成机制的研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

The inhibitory effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans on oligodendrocytes

The formation of the glial scar following a spinal cord injury presents a significant barrier to the regenerative process. It is primarily composed of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) that can inhibit axonal sprouting and regeneration. Although the inhibitory effects on neurons are well documented, little is known about their effects on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). In this study, we examined the effects of CSPGs on OPC process outgrowth and differentiation in vitro. The results show that specific CSPGs, in particularly those highly up-regulated following spinal cord injury, inhibit OPC process outgrowth and differentiation, and that treatment with chondroitinase ABC can completely reverse this inhibition. Additionally, treatment with the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 also reverses the observed inhibition, implicating the activation of Rho kinase in the CSPG inhibition of OPC growth. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the CSPGs found within the glial scar are not only inhibitory to neurons, but also to OPCs. Moreover, this study shows that chondroitinase ABC treatment, having shown promise in promoting axonal regeneration, may also enhance remyelination.     

Influence of chondroitin sulfate on collagen gel structure and mechanical properties at physiologically relevant levels

The ability to alter collagen organization could lead to more physiologically relevant scaffolds for tissue engineering. This study examined collagen organization in the presence of polysaccharide and the resulting effects on viscoelastic properties. Fibrillogenesis in the presence of chondroitin sulfate (CS) resulted in changes in the collagen network organization with an increase in void space present. The increased void space caused by CS addition correlated with a decreased stiffness of the collagen gel. These changes occurred with physiologically relevant ratios of collagen to CS, at physiological pH and ionic strength, and without a decrease in the amount of collagen incorporated into fibrils. The addition of dextran, an uncharged polysaccharide, yielded no change in network void space or mechanical properties. Changes in fibril diameter caused by CS or dextran were not correlated with mechanical properties. The results of this study demonstrate that collagen organization can be modified by the addition of GAG, leading to altered matrix mechanical properties. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 841-851, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The "Published Online" date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com.     

Engineering a thermostable chondroitinase for production of specifically distributed low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate

Chondroitinase ABC I (csABC I) has attracted intensive attention because of its great potential in heparin refining and the enzymatic preparation of low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate (LMW-CS). However, low thermal resistance (<30℃) restricts its applications. Herein, structure-guided and sequence-assisted combinatorial engineering approaches were applied to improve the thermal resistance of Proteus vulgaris csABC I. By integrating the deletion of the flexible fragment R166–L170 at the N-terminal domain and the mutation of E694P at the C-terminal domain, variant NΔ5/E694P exhibited 247-fold improvement of its half-life at 37℃ and a 2.3-fold increase in the specific activity. Through batch fermentation in a 3-L fermenter, the expression of variant NΔ5/E694P in an Escherichia coli host reached 1.7 g L⁻¹ with the activity of 1.0 × 10⁵ U L⁻¹. Finally, the enzymatic approach for the preparation of LMW-CS was established. By modulating enzyme concentration and controlling depolymerization time, specifically distributed LMW-CS (7000, 3400, and 1900 Da) with low polydispersity was produced, demonstrating the applicability of these processes for the industrial production of LMW-CS in a more environmentally friendly way.     

Anticoagulant activity of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from Cucumaria syracusana

Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCScs) isolated from sea cucumber Cucumaria syracusana was characterized by Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FT-IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high performance size exclusion chromatograph, a multi-angle laser light scattering detector, a viscometer and a differential refractive index (dRI) detector (HPSEC-MALLS-dRI). The anticoagulant activities of FCScs were studied by the classical clotting time assays and the purified systems containing thrombin and antithrombin or heparin cofactor II. The effect on thrombin generation was investigated using calibrated automated thrombography (CAT). The results obtained showed that the FCS with high sulfate content 31 % and relatively low average molecular weight of 36.3 kDa was isolated from C. syracusana in amount of ∼ 35.6 mg/g dry body wall. Structural analysis of this polysaccharide revealed the presence backbone structure of chondroitin sulfate chain branched by two types of fucose 2,4-O-di and 3,4-O-disulfated residues in respective ratios of 57.5 and 42.5 %. The FCScs exhibited a high anticoagulant activity mediated essentially by heparin cofactor II (HCII) and to lesser extent by antithrombin (AT) with IC₅₀ values of 0.05 μg/mL and 0.09 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the results of CAT assay showed that the velocity index decreases 3-times at 50 μg/mL in comparison with normal plasma. The overall results showed high anticoagulant activity attributed to the high sulfate content and abundance of disulfated fucose branches of FCScs which made it a promising candidate of anticoagulation drug.