中国安徽蓼科蓼属一新变种——圆基愉悦蓼

报道了安徽蓼属Polygonum一新变种——圆基愉悦蓼P.jucundumvar.rotundum Z.Z.Zhou＆Q.Y.Sun。新变种与原变种的区别在于：叶条状披针形,长4.5–9.0cm,宽0.5–0.9cm,基部圆形,近无柄;茎粗1.5–2.0mm。新变种在叶形上还与圆基长鬃蓼P.longisetum var.rotundatum A.J.Li相近,但其植株明显高,可达160cm,茎基部20–26节上生多数不定根,不定根长达10–16cm;花序的花梗长4–5mm,远伸出苞片外,易于区别。对新变种及其近缘种的花粉形态、花被片和瘦果微形态特征进行了扫描电镜比较观察。     

蓼科植物中的大哥大——树蓼

众所周知,全世界拥有800多种的蓼科植物,大多数为草本,少量为亚灌木,多纤细柔弱,高不过2—3米,而高大的乔木种类更是稀少,原产于热带巴拿马至南美北部的树蓼(Triplaris americana)就是其中的一种,它在南、北美洲     

安徽蓼属一新种——舒城蓼

舒城蓼　新种　图1ＰｏｌｙｇｏｎｕｍｓｈｕｃｈｅｎｇｅｎｓｅＺ.Ｚ.Ｚｈｏｕ,ｓｐ.ｎｏｖ.Ｆｉｇ.1ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓａｆｆｉｎｉｓＰ.ｐｕｂｅｓｃｅｎｔｉＢｌｕｍｅ,ｓｅｄｆｏｌｉｏｒｕｍｌａｍｉｎｉｓｐｒａｅｔｅｒｎｅｒｖｏｓｓｐａｒｓｅａｄｐｒｅｓｓｅｑｕｅｐｕｂｅｒｕｌｏｓｓｕｂｇｌａｂｒｉｓ,ｓｕｂｔｕｓｄｅｎｓｅｆｕｓｃｏ＿ｇｌａｎｄｕｌｏｓｏ＿ｐｕｎｃｔａｔｉｓ,ｏｃｒｅｉｓｂｒｅｖｉｓｓｉｍｅｃｉｌｉｏｌａｔｉｓ,ｓｐｉｃｉｓｄｅｎｓｉｆｌｏｒｉｓ,ｆｌｏｒｉｂｉｓｖｉｒｉｄｉ＿ａｌｂｉｄｉｓ,…     

红蓼研究进展

对红蓼的化学成分、质量控制和药理作用作简要综述,为进一步开发利用红蓼提供参考。     

中国蓼属(蓼科)三新种

描述了中国新疆蓼科Polygonaceae蓼属萹蓄组Polygonum section Polygonum 3新种。乌鲁木齐萹蓄P. urumqiense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou &; F. J. Lu在体态上与萹蓄P. aviculare L.很相近, 但花在枝上部叶腋簇生成穗状花序, 雄蕊5–6枚, 瘦果两型, 长果表面密具不规则排列的小点, 易于区别。塔城萹蓄P. tachengense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou &; F. J. Lu在枝上部的花不形成总状花序, 雄蕊8枚, 瘦果表面具成行的小点等方面与萹蓄近缘, 其区别在于3–6花仅簇生于枝上部叶腋, 叶片条状披针形, 背面主、侧脉极其隆起, 托叶鞘较长, 约达1.1 cm, 具15–20条纵脉; 又因其茎直立, 花簇生于枝上部叶腋而与展枝萹蓄P. patulum M. Bieb.相近, 其区别在于叶背面中脉和侧脉极其隆起, 托叶鞘较长, 达1.1 cm, 具15–20条纵脉, 枝上部的叶不渐小, 花在枝上部叶腋簇生, 不形成总状花序, 瘦果表面具成行的小点。石河子萹蓄Polygonum shiheziense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou &; F. J. Lu茎直立, 花3–6朵簇生于枝上部叶腋, 雄蕊8枚, 瘦果表面光滑, 略具光泽, 与帚萹蓄P. argyrocoleon Steud. ex Kunze相近, 区别在于叶背面中脉和侧脉极其隆起, 托叶鞘长, 达1.1 cm, 具15–20条纵脉, 花在枝上部叶腋簇生, 不形成总状花序; 同时在体态上又与塔城萹蓄十分相近, 但其枝上部的叶逐渐变小,瘦果表面光滑, 略具光泽,易于区别。对3个新种及其近缘种的花粉形态、叶表皮特征和瘦果微形态进行了光镜和扫描电镜比较观察。     

香辣蓼,中国春蓼属(蓼科)一新归化植物

报道了中国春蓼属一新归化植物：香辣蓼[Persicaria odorata（Lour.） Soják],并对其形态学特征进行了详细描述,提供了形态照片,同时分析了其用途。该种原产于中南半岛,被作为香料植物在云南、广西、广东及江西等地的傣族或客家人聚居区广泛栽培,现在云南西双版纳傣族自治州及德宏傣族景颇族自治州发现大量归化居群。香辣蓼与特产于中国江西的武功山春蓼（P.wugongshanensis B.Li）最为近似,二者叶片均具有强烈的气味,叶片及花被片具腺点,二型花柱,花序基部间断,花梗长于苞片,区别在于本种为多年生草本植物,具发达的根状茎,叶片披针形至狭披针形,果实表面光滑有光泽。     

红蓼研究进展

对红寥的化学成分、质量控制和药理作用作简要综述,为进一步开发利用红蓼提供参考.     

分子证据支持蓝药蓼和大铜钱叶蓼归入冰岛蓼属

蓝药蓼Polygonum cyanandrum Diels和大铜钱叶蓼P.forrestiiDiels是否应归于冰岛蓼属Koenigia至今未得到很好的解决。本文利用叶绿体DNA的atp B-rbc L序列来评价这两个物种的亲缘关系和属的归属。对这两个物种以及相关代表种的atp B-rbcL序列分析发现,该片段的长度有较大的变异。从753bp到902bp;存在丰富的系统发育变异位点。系统发育分析表明：蓝药蓼和大铜钱叶蓼与冰岛蓼丘islandica聚为支持率较高的分支。而蓼属Polygonum代表种和其他属的代表种组成另外的分支,表明这两个种应置于冰岛蓼属。这一结果与花粉和染色体证据相吻合。根据这些证据以及形态学特征,还对冰岛蓼属与蓼属的范围与界定进行了讨论。     

翼蓼和中华抱茎蓼挥发油化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别从翼蓼和中华抱茎蓼中提取其挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发油中的化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定,运用气相色谱峰面积归一化法确定各成分的相对百分含量.结果表明:翼蓼中总共鉴定出31种成分,中华抱茎蓼中鉴定出21种成分,分别占到挥发油总含量的84.0%和93.8%,翼蓼挥发油中主要成分是表蓝桉醇(15.9%)、甲苯(8.6%)、反式橙花叔醇(6.9%);中华抱茎蓼挥发油主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(19.9%)、2,4-戊二酮(17.2%)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(11.7%)、3-甲基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃(10.7%).     

A quantitative analysis of herbarium materials of the Photinia villosa complex

Taxa of the Photinia villosa complex, including P. villosa, its var. sinica, and P. parvifolia, are taxonomically perplexing. By means of conventional taxonomic methods, it is difficult to discriminate them from one another. Basing upon herbarium materials of about 100 sheets of specimens collected from seven provinces in China, a quantitative analysis of the correlations between certain key characters was then used to reexamine the validity of the above taxa. Results from both pictorialized scatter diagram and histogram have indicated that the complex could be divided into the following parts: (1) I(V)—characterized by many (7-32)-flowered corymbs and prominent pubescence at least when young, agreed with typical Photinia villosa; (2) II(S)—with less (2-12)-flowered corymbs (sometimes with umbels on the same herbarium sheet) and leaves usually pubescent along the midrib on the lower side, agreed well with P. villosa var. sinica; (3)III(P)—with few (1-9)-flowered umbels and plant glabrous throughout, agreed with P. parvifolia, but apparently overlaped with the lower portion of II(S); (4) IV(T)—characterized by umbels with still fewer [1-2(-5)] flowers, especially long, slenderer and pendulous pedicels and plant totally glabrous, was undoubtedly a new form. Both diagrams also showed that these four parts are so closely related to one another that they are by no means strictly separable. Thus it is better to treat them all as varieties of the said complex. A proper taxonomic treatment should include the reduction of Photinia parvifolia to a varietal rank of P. villosa as well as an addition of the newly discovered variety P. villosa var. tenuipes as presentedin this paper.     

中国蓼属春蓼组植物果实形态及果皮微形态的研究

应用解剖镜和扫描电镜对中国产蓼属春蓼组（Polygonum sect. Persicaria）19种3变种植物的果实形态和果皮微形态特征进行了观察和研究。结果表明,蓼属春蓼组植物的果实形态为卵形或椭圆状卵形,具三棱、双凹或双凸,顶端渐狭,有喙或无喙;果皮微形态可分为7种类型： 洼点、浅洼点,脑纹状纹饰,拟脑纹状纹饰,网状纹饰,不规则褶皱,不规则小疣状颗粒以及密浅网状纹饰。观察结果支持将绵毛酸模叶蓼（P. lapathifolium L. var. salicifolium Sibth.）合并到酸模叶蓼（P. lapathifolium L.）,做为酸模叶蓼的异名处理;支持将长鬃蓼（P. longisetum De Br.）作为丛枝蓼（P. posumbu Buch. Ham. ex D.Don）的变种处理的意见;认为密毛酸模叶蓼（P. lapathifolium L. var. lanatum (Roxb.) Stew.）应恢复种级,圆基长鬃蓼（P. longisetum De Br. var. rotunatum A.J.Li）应升为种级;支持平武蓼（Polygonum pingwuense F. Z. Li et Y. T. Hou et S. J. Fan, sp. nov.）新种的成立。     

斑叶堇菜种宗性状变异式样的定量分析

斑叶堇菜与近缘种细距堇莱之间有许多过渡类型存在, 很难依据少数几个关键性特征对它们进行明确的划分。本文运用形象化散点图和柱状图的方法, 对从不同地点、不同居群收集的80份标本进行分析, 测量若干性状上的数量变异, 分析这些性状之间变异的相关程度, 结果表明:斑叶堇菜和细距堇菜各自应为独立的种, 支持W.Beck.1916年所作的成立细距堇菜的毛萼亚种的处理。     

小蜡种下分类群的分类学研究

本文对小蜡Ligustrum sinense Lour.各变种进行了形态和地理分布的研究,结合扫描电镜观察其种子表皮和花药药壁的微观形态特征,并用数值方法进行数据处理,结果表明:过去称为“var.coryanum”后又归入var.opienense的贵州、广西标本实则与这两个变种有明显的差异,与原变种和其他变种也有所不同,故新拟为异形小蜡Ligustrum sinense Lour. var.dissimile S.J.Hao;var.stauntonii与原变种形态相近,分布区部分重叠,且其性状呈连续性分布,应归入原变种;其余各变种与原变种关系虽远近不一,但作为变种还是合适的。     

中国豆科和樟科几种植物学名的订正

在编写《Flora of China》过程中,根据标本和文献的查阅,对国产豆科和樟科几种植物学名进行修订。本文记述5个新组合、4个新异名和一个恢复的种名。5个新组合是:垂果山蚂蝗Desmodium strigilosum var.pendenticarpum(C.Z.Gao Q.R.Lai) P.H.Huang,心叶山蚂蝗Desmodium flexuosum var.cordifoliolatum(P.C.Li) P.H.Huang,密毛长柄山蚂蝗Podocarpium densum(C.Chen et X.J.Cui)P.H.Huang,东北长柄山蚂蝗Podocarpium podocarpum var.mandshuricum(Maxim.) P.H.Huang和尖叶长柄山蚂蝗Podocarpium podocarpum var.japon-icum(Matsum.)P.H.Huang.4个新异名如下:李氏木姜子Litsea lii C.E.Chang及其变种能汉木姜子var.nunkao-tahangensis(Liao) Liao作为竹叶木姜子L.pseudoelongata Liou Ho的新异名,竹头角木姜子L.akosensis var.chitouchiaoensis Liao作为台湾木姜子L.hayatae Kanehira的新异名和密毛山蚂蝗Desmodium densum (C.Chen et X.J.Cui)H.Ohashi作为密毛长柄山蚂蝗Podocarpium densum (C.Chen et X.J.Cui)P.H.Huang的新异名。由于Litsea pedicellata一名被占用,恢复Litsea taiwaniana Kamikoti作为黄肉树合法的种名。     

滇重楼寄生菌的研究

从滇重楼(Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis)地下茎中分离和鉴定出两种细菌——蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)和产碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas alcaligenes),以及三种真菌——黑团孢霉(Periconia sp.)、白色厚顶孢霉(Pachnocybe albida)和重楼索霉(Hormomyces paridiphilus)。对蜡状芽孢杆菌、产碱假单胞菌和重楼索霉进行了液体培养并测定了胞外多糖含量,结果表明重楼索霉可分泌大量胞外多糖,这可能是导致滇重楼地下茎胶质化和多糖含量增加的原因。     

朱砂根复合群形态性状的数量分析

朱砂根复合群—朱砂根(Ardisia crenata Sims)、红凉伞(A. crenata var. bicolor (E. Walker) C. Y. Wu C. Chen),和岭南紫金牛(A. linangensis C. M. Hu)之间存在一些过渡类型,很难依据少数几个关键性状对它们明确划分。本文运用E. Anderson的形象化散点图和柱状图的方法对全国14个省区135份标本的9个性状进行了分析,结果表明：岭南紫金牛应为独立的种,支持将红凉伞归并。     

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ECOLOGY OF LAMINARIA SINCLAIRII ON THREE NORTHERN OREGON BEACHES1,2

Laminaria sinclairii (Harvey) Furlow, Anderson and Eaton occurs only on the Pacific Coast, of North America and is usually restricted to rocks on beaches subjected, to moderate to heavy surf and a large seasonal fluctuation in sand level. It was observed and measured over a 2-year period-on 3 such beaches in northern Oregon. Growth, rate and, relative dominance are greatest in the lowest and most exposed parts of the inter tidal zone, where surf action and sand burial are greatest. The sand level begins to build up on the beach in April and continues to rise, burying the plants, throughout the summer, until the first, heavy storms in fall again remove the sand. Maximum growth occurs in early summer, prior to burial. The blades are lost in December and regenerated in January. Ripe sori are produced on the old blades just before they are lost and on the new blades just after they appear. The gametophyles which, develop from spores produced by these sori apparently do not usually produce sporophytes. In March and April there is considerable production of new stipes and blades from the haptera at the margins of the holdfast and this is apparently the chief means of reproduction.     

Critical notes on the classification of the Liriope muscari complex

The presence of stolons is taxonomically significant in the genus Liriope Linn. However, probably due to a lapse of attention, F. T. Wang and T. Tang failed to recognize Ophiopogon muscari Decne., type of Liriope muscari (Decne.) Bailey, a nonstoloniferous taxon, and erroneously referred it as a synonym to the stoloniferous L. spicata Lour. At the same time, however, they described another non-stoloniferous species-L. platyphylla Wang et Tang (L. muscari Bailey) as new. What, then, is the difference between L. platyphylla Wang et Tang and L. muscari (Decne.) Bailey? A comparison of the type photo of Ophiopogon muscari Decne. with specimens of L. platyphylla Wang et Tang shows that the two forms are much alike, but the latter has longer scapes usually overtopping the foliage, as well as longer spikes and broader leaves. L. H. Bailey must had combined the two forms into one species. Furthermore. there are another two non-stoloniferous forms, both having scapes shorter than their foliage, but differing from L. muscari (Decne.) Bailey in their much narrower leaves. One of them has very short leaves and looks like L. minor Makino. Finally, what are the correlations among the above four forms? By using methods of quantitative analysis, such as pictorialized scatter diagram and histogram, on herbarium material, it has been found that the L. muscari complex can be separated into two parts: 1) muscari (M), and 2) platyphylla (P). But since these two parts display a continuous variation pattern as a whole, it seems advisable to treat both as varieties of the same species, i. e., L. muscari (Decne.) Bailey var. muscari, and L. muscari var. communis (Maxim.) Hsu et L. C. Li. (Ophiopogon spicatus Ker-Cawl. var. communis Maxim.) As to the other two narrow-leaved forms, they can hardly be regarded as sufficient for two distinct infraspecific units, for they are found to be inseparablefrom each other as well as from muscari.     

大花黄牡丹分类学地位的研究

通过野外调查、引种试验,对大花黄牡丹与黄牡丹的形态特征、生长和繁殖特性进行了综合比较研究,结果表明,二者之间在植株高度、心皮数目、花色、花瓣基部有无棕红斑及繁殖特性等存在明显差异;同时,染色体组型、带型及蛋白亚基构成分析也表明二者之间有明显差异,因此我们认为,大花黄牡丹应上升为种的等级：Ｐａｅｏｎｉａ ｌｕｄｌｏｗｉｉ（Ｓｔｅｒｎ ｅｔ Ｔａｙｌｏｒ）Ｊ．Ｊ．Ｌｉ ｅｔ Ｄ．Ｚ．Ｃｈｅｎ,ｓｔａｔ