对成年大鼠脏器系数的探讨

本文报告了对只成年大鼠的心肺、肝、脾、肾、睾丸、前列腺、子宫的脏器系数，并对不同月龄，不同性别的大鼠脏器系数进行比较，发现月龄对脏器系数有明显影响，而同龄大鼠脏器系数无明显性别差异。     

SD大鼠主要脏器间的相关性分析

目的测定成年SD大鼠体重与各脏器重量,并对不同脏器之间及体重与各脏器重量的相关性进行分析。方法选用三月龄SD大鼠雄性共24只,进行人道处死,解剖后分别测定心、肝、肺、肾等脏器重量,并作相关性分析。结果 SD大鼠的心、肝、肺、脾、肾与胃空体的相关性分析中,SD大鼠的心脏及肝脏重量之间不相关(P>0.05),且分别与其他各脏器及胃空体之间也无明显相关(P>0.05);而脾脏的重量与肾脏重量之间则相关极为显著(P<0.01);胃空体与肺、脾呈现极显著相关(P<0.01),与肾脏呈显著相关(P<0.05)。结论通过解剖比较SD大鼠各脏器之间的关系,对动物体内各脏器的大小及相互关系有了初步的认知,为今后进行的动物相关实验研究打下基础。     

多次采血对Wistar大鼠脏器系数的影响

目的研究不同时间间隔经眼眶静脉丛多次采血后,对雄性Wistar大鼠重要脏器系数的影响。方法实验组分别间隔3 d、7 d、10 d,经眼眶静脉丛采血,每次采血1 mL,共采3次。对照组于实验组最后一次采血时采血一次,采血1 mL。每次采血前称量体重,于最后一次采血后将大鼠处死,取心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、胸腺,称量脏器重量,计算脏器系数。结果间隔3 d多次采血,大鼠的肝、肾系数差异具有显著性（P〈0.05）,间隔7 d、10 d多次采血,大鼠的各脏器系数差异无显著性。结论间隔3 d多次采血对大鼠的肝、肾系数有影响,间隔7 d、10 d多次采血对各脏器系数均无影响。     

不同周龄SD大鼠脏器重量及其变化趋势分析

目的分析不同周龄SD大鼠的脏器重量及其变化趋势,为评判药物毒性反应提供理论参考。方法分别选取试验第13、26、52、78和104周对照组动物脑、脾脏、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏、肾上腺、睾丸、卵巢的重量数据并分析。结果从13～104周SD雌鼠脑、脾脏、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏、肾上腺、卵巢的重量呈升高趋势。从13～104周SD雄鼠脑、脾脏、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏重量均重于雌鼠,但雌鼠肾上腺重量、脏体比和脏脑比均显著高于雄鼠。结论本研究首次在国内建立了符合我国实验动物现状的,不同周龄SD大鼠的脏器重量背景数据和参考值范围,并分析了不同周龄SD大鼠脏器重量变化趋势。     

损毁大鼠双侧蓝斑引起多脏器出血

目的和方法：用直流电极毁大鼠双侧蓝斑,观察膀胱及各内脏组织的出血性变化。结果：完全损毁双侧蓝斑枷恒定地引起严重的膀胱出血,并伴有其它脏器不规律性发生的充血或轻微出血。部分损毁双侧蓝斑亦可引起多脏器轻微的充血和出血,但膀胱出血不再恒定发生。切除肾上腺减轻应激反应,或应用组织按H2受体拮抗剂,对完全损毁双侧蓝斑引起的膀胱出血或其它脏器的组织学出血性变化无明显影响。结论：损毁大鼠双侧蓝斑引起的多脏器出血并非由于手术应激引起;也与组织胺H2受 体无关,其机制有待进一步研究。     

转基因EGFP小鼠的主要脏器重量及脏器系数

目的测定转基因C57BL／6-Tg（ACTB—EGFP）1osb／J（EGFP）小鼠主要脏器重量和脏器系数。方法实验选用5～6周雄性、6～7周雌性小鼠各15只,用sartorius电子天平分别测定体重和9个主要脏器重量,计算脏器系数,并对雌雄脏器重量和脏器系数之间进行比较。结果雌雄小鼠脏器重量间比较,雄性鼠体重明显大于雌性的体重（P〈0．01）;心、肝、肺、肾、肾上腺的重量间差异极显著（P〈0．01）;脾脏比较差异显著（P〈0．05）;雌雄间脏器系数比较,肺、脑、肾上腺间差异极显著（P〈0．01）,心、肝、脾、肾脏间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结论转基因EGFP小鼠不同性别间脏器重量及脏器系数间有一定的差异,为相关研究打下了基础。     

成年近交白化金黄仓鼠主要脏器及脏器系数测定

本文报告了成年近交白化金黄仓鼠８个主要脏器重量和脏器系数测定结果,还与封闭群金黄仓鼠主要脏器的测定值进行了比较。结果表明,雌、雄性白化金黄仓鼠的主要脏器重量,尤其是二者脾脏是差异极显著,白化金黄仓鼠肾脏的重量显著高于封闭群金黄仓鼠,特别是雌性间肾脏的重量差异更明显。     

正常成年Wistar大白鼠的脏器重量测定

153只正常成年wistar大白鼠脏器指数测定结果表明心、肝、大脑、小脑、肾、肺、脾及肾上腺的脏器指数(X±SD)较恒定,分别为0.33±0.09,3.01±0.68,0.51±0.11,0.17±0.04,0.68±0.14,0.66±0.24,0.27±0.13 g/100g BW和20.29±8.28 mg/100g BW,胸腺和生殖系统(卵巢、子宫、睾丸)的脏器指数个体间差异较大。     

表面张力曲线法测定生物表面活性剂的浓度

介绍一种利用表面张力曲线测定生物表面活性剂发酵液浓度的方法,通过测定不同浓度鼠李糖脂标准溶液的表面张力,制作浓度和表面张力的x-y散点图,再根据希斯科夫斯基经验公式利用Origin软件做x-y散点图的拟合曲线,得到该公式的相关参数,然后利用该经验公式,通过测定稀释后待测发酵液的表面张力,可求得原发酵液的鼠李糖脂浓度。和常用的方法相比,该方法具有快速、简单、准确和测定成本低的优点。     

Determination of Some Molecular Parameters of Tyrosine Hydroxylase From Rat Adrenal, Rat Striatum, and Human Pheochromocytoma

The molecular parameters of tyrosine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.2) from rat adrenal, rat striatum, and human pheochromocytoma were determined by combined gel filtration and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. The enzyme from rat adrenal has a calculated molecular weight of 228,000, a Stokes radius of 60.9 A, a sedimentation coefficient of 9.10S, and a frictional ratio of 1.39. The enzyme from rat striatum has a calculated molecular weight of 210,000, a Stokes radius of 54.3 A, a sedimentation coefficient of 9.38S, and a frictional ratio of 1.28. Tyrosine hydroxylase from human pheochromocytoma tissue has a calculated molecular weight of 255,000, a Stokes radius of 68.2 A, a sedimentation coefficient of 9.08S, and a frictional ratio of 1.50. These results indicate that the tyrosine hydroxylases from central and peripheral tissue in the rat are quite similar although the human enzyme appears to be significantly larger.     

Monoamine Synthesis and Concentration in Neonatal Rat Brain During Hypercapnia and Recovery

One-day-old rats were exposed to a gas mixture of 15% CO2-21% O2-64% N2 for a 30-min period. Monoamine synthesis in whole brain was measured during, and at various intervals after, hypercapnia by estimating the accumulation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) after inhibition of aromatic L-amino-acid decarboxylase with NSD 1015. Endogenous concentrations of tyrosine, dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured at the same intervals. Exposure to CO2 induced an increased synthesis of catecholamines and 5-HT. Further, an increase in DA concentration was seen during hypercapnia, while NA and 5-HT were unchanged. After the CO2 exposure the increased in vivo synthesis rates of catecholamines and 5-HT were rapidly normalized, as was the endogenous DA concentration. A slight increase in 5-HT and 5-HIAA concentrations was seen immediately after CO2 exposure. These results indicate that in neonatal animals, hypercapnia induces changes in central monoamine neurons, primarily an increased synthesis. These alterations may be relevant to some physiological changes seen during CO2 exposure, such as the alteration in central respiratory performance.     

采用微渗透泵测定清醒大鼠肾小球滤过率

目的分析以荧光素异硫氰酸酯标记的菊粉（FITC．菊粉）作为标记物,通过微渗透泵,在大鼠清醒状态下,采用菊粉尿排泄率方法测定肾小球滤过率的可行性。方法将FITC-菊粉溶解在生理盐水中配成浓度为24％的溶液,经滤过后（浓度降至8％）装在微渗透泵内。大鼠腹腔植入2个盛有上述FITC-菊粉溶液的微渗透泵,随机分成2组（需要收集24h尿量组及无需收集尿量组每组各10只）,分别关在代谢笼内。植泵后第7天,需要收集24h尿量组收集24h尿量及代谢笼上残留的FITC-菊粉,在大鼠清醒状态下采集血液标本;无需收集尿量组仅采集血液标本。分别根据不同的公式计算GFR。GFR的计量单位为mL／min,分别用大鼠体重及双肾重量校正后的单位为mL／min·kg体重和mL／min·g体重。结果需要收集24h尿量和无需收集尿量2种方法计算出来的GFR分别为（2．31±0．33）mL／min和（2．53±0．33）mL／min,P=0．564,两者之间差异无统计学意义;与已发表文献相比大鼠GFR平均值3．24mL／min降低了30％,说明麻醉对GFR有较明显影响,去除麻醉因素的影响后,两者数值相近。结论采用微渗透泵方法,用FITC-菊粉作为标记物,可以比较准确地测定清醒状态下大鼠GFR,尤其是无需收集尿量方法更加简便。     

单离子通道电信号的依赖性

运用时间序列关于信号依赖性的基本理论,讨论了单离子通道电信号的依赖性,得到关于依赖性的简明判别准则．     

Determination of Intracellular Chloride Ion Concentration in a Halotolerant Cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica

Salt inhibition of RuBP carboxylase activity from Aphanothecehalophytica was caused by Cl^-, but not by K⁺ nor Na⁺. The intracellularCl^- concentration increased about 4-fold from 35 mM to 150 mM,when NaCl concentration in the culture medium was increasedfrom 0.5 M to 2.0 M. ¹Permanent address: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science,Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (Received February 12, 1988; Accepted June 1, 1988)     

Effects of Taurine on Calcium Ion Uptake and Protein Phosphorylation in Rat Retinal Membrane Preparations

The effects of taurine on ATP-dependent calcium ion uptake and protein phosphorylation of rat retinal membrane preparations were investigated. Taurine (20 mM) stimulates ATP-dependent calcium ion uptake by twofold in crude retinal homogenates. In contrast, it inhibits the phosphorylation of specific membrane proteins as shown by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The close structural analogue of taurine, 2-aminoethylhydrogen sulfate, demonstrates similar effects in both systems, i.e., stimulation of ATP-dependent calcium ion uptake and inhibition of protein phosphorylation, whereas isethionic acid and guanidinoethanesulfonate have no effect on either system. A P1 subcellular fraction of the retinal membrane preparation that contains photoreceptor cell synaptosomes has a higher specific activity for the uptake of calcium ions. Phosphorylation of specific proteins in the P1 fraction is also inhibited by the addition of 20 mM taurine. Taurine has no effect on retinal ATPase activities or on phosphatase activity, thus suggesting that it directly affects a kinase system.     

Determination of Serotonin Turnover in the Rat Brain Using 6-Fluorotryptophan

After intraperitoneal injection of rats with 6-fluorotryptophan (6-FT), brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels decreased exponentially over 1 h. Depletion was dose-dependent and maximum depletion was observed at 200 mg/kg. 6-FT (200 mg/kg) did not significantly alter the content of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Turnover rates of 5-HT obtained by the 6-FT and other methods were fairly consistent. 6-FT had little effect on the content of noradrenaline and dopamine. These data suggest that 6-FT completely inhibits tryptophan hydroxylase, in vivo, without affecting the release of 5-HT from 5-HT neurons and with little effect on the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase. Therefore, 6-FT is a good pharmacological tool for studying the turnover rate of 5-HT in the brain.     

Cholesterol Esters in Rat Brain Infected with Acute Measles Encephalitis: Concentration and Fatty Acid Composition

The present study deals with the concentration and fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters in rat brains infected experimentally with measles virus to induce acute encephalitis. The left side of the cerebrum, as well as other portions of the brain, when inoculated percutaneously contained a large amount of cholesterol esters. The major fatty acids from the esters in the brain were C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, and C18:1; those from the serum were C18:1, C18:2, and C20:4. This result indicates that cholesterol esters may not come from serum but can be synthesized in situ, even in the brain with acute viral infection.