不同佐剂肾综合征出血热纯化疫苗体液免疫效果的研究

在肾综合征出血热(HFRS)纯化疫苗原液中分别加入Al(OH)3、IL-2、GM-CSF、CFA等佐剂的一种或两种,以不加佐剂的纯化疫苗原液作为对照,分别免疫BALB/c小鼠,定期进行眼眶采血,用ELISA法检测血清中抗HFRS病毒的抗体水平。用不同佐剂的HFRS纯化疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠后,其抗体产生的时间和滴度均不同。佐剂组与对照组相比抗体产生早且(或)滴度高,IL-2佐剂组在免后第3天就可以检测到抗体;联合使用两种佐剂组与单独使用一种佐剂组相比,抗体产生早、滴度高。结果表明,上述各种佐剂对HFRS纯化疫苗诱导BALB/c小鼠产生的免疫应答均有一定的增强作用;IL-2对早期免疫应答、早期抗体的产生有显著意义;联合应用两种佐剂疫苗的免疫效果优于只加其中一种佐剂的疫苗。     

钙调磷酸酶B亚单位(CnB)作为佐剂对新型乙型肝炎病毒疫苗免疫效果的影响北大核心CSCD

比较不同佐剂配伍的效果,探讨常规剂量(5μg)钙调磷酸酶B亚单位(Calcineurin subunit B,CnB)佐剂对含PreS1+S融合抗原的乙型肝炎病毒新型疫苗(HBSS1)免疫效果的影响。采用Al(OH)3、常规剂量(5μg)CnB及CnB+Al(OH)3等佐剂与HBV颗粒疫苗配伍初次免疫,重组腺病毒载体疫苗加强免疫的策略,在C57BL/6小鼠模型上研究不同佐剂对HBV颗粒疫苗肌肉注射后免疫应答的影响,主要包括抗体滴度、抗体亚型分类及特异性细胞免疫(γ-IFN ELISpot检测)。研究结果显示Al(OH)3佐剂存在明显免疫增强作用,而单独加入5μg CnB佐剂或CnB与Al(OH)3佐剂联合应用对Anti-PreS1抗体无明显的增强作用,但可显著降低anti-HBs抗体水平;各免疫组在重组腺病毒载体疫苗加强后,其抗体亚类包括IgG1、IgG2a和IgG2b;并可诱导高水平的细胞免疫应答反应。因而常规剂量(5μg)CnB单独或联合Al(OH)3佐剂对新型HBV疫苗无明显的免疫增强作用。     

钙调磷酸酶B亚单位(CnB)作为佐剂对新型乙型肝炎病毒疫苗免疫效果的影响

比较不同佐剂配伍的效果,探讨常规剂量(5μg)钙调磷酸酶B亚单位(Calcineurin subunit B,CnB)佐剂对含PreS1+S融合抗原的乙型肝炎病毒新型疫苗(HBSS1)免疫效果的影响。采用Al(OH)3、常规剂量(5μg)CnB及CnB+Al(OH)3等佐剂与HBV颗粒疫苗配伍初次免疫,重组腺病毒载体疫苗加强免疫的策略,在C57BL/6小鼠模型上研究不同佐剂对HBV颗粒疫苗肌肉注射后免疫应答的影响,主要包括抗体滴度、抗体亚型分类及特异性细胞免疫(γ-IFN ELISpot检测)。研究结果显示Al(OH)3佐剂存在明显免疫增强作用,而单独加入5μg CnB佐剂或CnB与Al(OH)3佐剂联合应用对Anti-PreS1抗体无明显的增强作用,但可显著降低anti-HBs抗体水平;各免疫组在重组腺病毒载体疫苗加强后,其抗体亚类包括IgG1、IgG2a和IgG2b;并可诱导高水平的细胞免疫应答反应。因而常规剂量(5μg)CnB单独或联合Al(OH)3佐剂对新型HBV疫苗无明显的免疫增强作用。     

不同佐剂对含S+PreS1融合抗原的乙型肝炎病毒颗粒疫苗免疫原性的影响

本研究在前期工作基础上,用CHO细胞表达的含PreS1+S融合抗原的新型基因工程HBV颗粒疫苗(HBSS1)与Al(OH)3、CpG及CpG+Al(OH)3等佐剂配伍,在Balb/C小鼠模型上研究不同佐剂对HBV颗粒疫苗肌肉注射后免疫应答的影响,主要包括抗体滴度、抗体亚型分类及特异性细胞免疫(γ-IFNELISpot检测)。结果表明:CpG佐剂结合HBSS1颗粒疫苗可快速诱导(单针免疫)高水平的抗PreS1及S抗体,IgG2a/IgG1比率1,同时可诱导较高抗原特异的细胞免疫应答;Al(OH)3+CpG双佐剂组一次免疫后可诱导产生最高的抗S抗体滴度(1:105),其产生的抗体亚类包括IgG1、IgG2a与IgG2b;在S抗原N端(13~49aa)存在优势CTL表位。结论:CpG佐剂结合HBSS1颗粒疫苗应是发展新型治疗性乙肝疫苗的较佳选项。     

不同粒径氢氧化铝佐剂对白喉类毒素免疫效果的影响

研究不同粒径的氢氧化铝[Al(OH)3]对白喉类毒素的吸附效果,用于指导疫苗生产,提高疫苗质量。用透射电镜测得的不同粒径的Al(OH)3分别吸附白喉类毒素及用絮状单位测定法和疫苗效价测定法对其吸附效果作比较,并经统计学处理。试验结果显示,粒径为210nm的Al(OH)3对白喉类毒素吸附效果及对白喉疫苗效力的免疫增强作用明显好于粒径600nm的Al(OH)3。实验证实,Al(OH)3佐剂的粒径大小与白喉类毒素的吸附效果及疫苗的免疫原性密切相关。     

CpG对乙型肝炎基因重组(CHO细胞)疫苗免疫效果的影响

为了研究CpG-寡脱氧核苷酸(CpG-OPN)作为佐剂对乙型肝炎基因重组(CHO细胞)疫苗(简称乙肝疫苗)免疫效果的影响,以乙肝疫苗加Al(OH)3、疫苗加CpG和疫苗加Al(OH)3与CpG3三种配伍方式,通过腹腔、皮下或肌内3种不同途径免疫Balb/c小鼠,观察不同免疫途径和不同配伍的免疫效果.同时又将疫苗与CpG混合后在4℃存放6个月再免疫小鼠,观察CpG的稳定性.结果表明:①3种免疫途径中以肌内注射效果最好,这在使用CpG的实验组尤为明显,在该组肌内免疫的ED50比腹腔的低了10倍,而诱发的抗体滴度提高了3倍;②疫苗与CpG、Al(OH)3联合使用的免疫效果最好,在肌内免疫时联合使用的免疫效果比疫苗+Al(OH)3提高4倍,比疫苗+CpG提高7倍;③疫苗+Al(OH)3免疫时,表现为IgG1抗体亚型占优势,而再加入CpG后则IgG1和IgG2a均升高,以IgG2a最显著;④疫苗与CpG混合后4℃保存半年,不影响其活性.     

氢氧化铝佐剂制备工艺的建立及其在鼠疫疫苗中的免疫效果评价

目的建立氢氧化铝佐剂制备工艺,并吸附抗原配制鼠疫疫苗,对其进行免疫效果评价。方法采用氯化铝与氢氧化钠反应生成氢氧化铝胶体,通过优化制备工艺,制备出纳米级铝佐剂,并对其进行连续4批质量检测,将其与丹麦ALH铝佐剂在吸附率、沉降率、粒径、配制鼠疫疫苗安全性及免疫原性方面进行比较。结果 4批次氢氧化铝含量平均值为18.67 mg/mL,氯化钠含量平均值为29.60 mg/mL,平均pH为5.66;各批次氢氧化铝佐剂沉降率及吸附率检测结果均符合《中华人民共和国药典》2020版(四部)的检测要求;粒径控制已达到纳米级,平均值为100～600 nm;配制鼠疫疫苗安全性检测结果合格,20200404批铝佐剂与ALH铝佐剂分别配制鼠疫疫苗免疫NIH小鼠,20200404疫苗组V抗体IgG、IgG1抗体效价均高于ALH疫苗组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.000 5);20200404疫苗组V抗体IgG2a抗体效价与ALH疫苗组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);20200404疫苗组与ALH疫苗组F1抗体IgG、IgG1、IgG2a抗体效价差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论成功建立了氢氧化铝佐剂制备工艺,为制备鼠疫疫苗用铝佐剂奠定了基础。     

新型结核杆菌抗原的免疫原性和保护效力

<正>鉴于结核病仍然是全球人类发病和死亡的主要原因,故迫切需求一种新的疫苗。结核亚单位疫苗已经显示出在人类能诱导强有力的免疫应答,并在HIV地方流行区可作为一种BCG的替代疫苗加以使用。在这项研究中,作者研究了16种不同的新的结核分枝杆菌抗原的保护效力,作者采用肺部结核病小鼠模型进行此项研究。这些抗原被用来作为亚单位疫苗而与双十八烷基溴化铵(DDA)-D(+)同海藻糖6.6 dibenenate(TDB)(DDA/TDB)佐剂配制     

ELISA检测奶牛乳房炎疫苗效果方法的建立

建立一种检测抗乳房炎疫苗抗体的酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法,用于免疫后具有保护性效果的抗体水平。通过对细胞抗原制备、最佳抗原包被浓度的确定、抗原包被和封闭最佳条件确定、酶标抗体的最佳工作浓度及作用时间等反应体系的筛选和确定,建立了检测抗乳房炎疫苗抗体的间接ELISA方法。结果表明,金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)、停乳链球菌(Streptococcus dysgalactiae)抗原最佳包被质量浓度分别为5 mg.L-1、10 mg.L-1、10 mg.L-1;包被条件为4℃过夜;用2%人血白蛋白作为封闭剂最佳封闭条件是37℃封闭30 min;酶标抗体最佳作用时间为30 min。结论攻毒试验表明,疫苗免疫后,血清中抗体滴度达到或超过免疫前2倍时,奶牛即具有较好的乳腺保护效力。这一指标可作为疫苗效力检验的标准。     

纯化乙型脑炎疫苗的研制

将乙脑P3毒株接种地鼠肾细胞,制备病毒原液,经灭活、浓缩、层析纯化后收集抗原,再经除菌、配制,制备乙脑纯化疫苗。结果表明：病毒浓缩液经纯化后,杂蛋白去除率大于99％,牛血清蛋白残留量也明显降低;纯化疫苗主要指标检定均达到预期效果;效力试验结果显示当纯化原液蛋白含量稀释至15μg/ml时,疫苗效力符合要求。     

应用流行性出血热病毒抗NP和G1、G2单抗检测感染细胞和疫苗内的不同抗原成分

应用出血热病毒的抗核蛋白（ＮＰ）和糖蛋白（Ｇ１、Ｇ２）单克隆抗体的ＥＬＩＳＡ夹心法对感染细胞培养物和灭活疫苗内的ＮＰ和Ｇ１、Ｇ２抗原成分进行检测,结果表明感染Ｖｅｒｏ－Ｅ６细胞内ＮＰ和Ｇ１、Ｇ２含量均高于细胞外培养液上清,前者的抗原滴度分别为≥５１２和２５６,后者仅为６４和１６。比较三种不同疫苗内的抗原成分,显示乳鼠脑纯化疫苗内的ＮＰ抗原最高,滴度达３２０－≥６４０,而二种细胞疫苗（沙鼠肾和地鼠肾细胞）则较低,一般在２０－８０,相反二种细胞疫苗的糖蛋白滴度则高于脑疫苗（８－３２对２－８）该方法可用于疫苗生产过程中检测ＮＰ和Ｇ抗原成分。     

Binding of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers with human serum albumin: Spectroscopic characterization and molecular modeling

Three hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH‐PBDEs), 3‐OH‐BDE‐47, 5‐OH‐BDE‐47, and 6‐OH‐BDE‐47, were selected to investigate the interactions between OH‐PBDEs with human serum albumin (HSA) under physiological conditions. The observed fluorescence quenching can be attributed to the formation of complexes between HSA and OH‐PBDEs. The thermodynamic parameters at different temperatures indicate that the binding was caused by hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonds. Molecular modeling and three‐dimensional fluorescence spectrum showed conformational and microenvironmental changes in HSA. Circular dichroism analysis showed that the addition of OH‐PBDEs changed the conformation of HSA with a minor reduction in α‐helix content and increase in β‐sheet content. Furthermore, binding distance r between the donor (HSA) and acceptor (three OH‐PBDEs) calculated using Förster's nonradiative energy transfer theory was <7 nm; therefore, the quenching mechanisms for the binding between HSA and OH‐PBDEs involve static quenching and energy transfer. Combined with molecular dynamics simulations, the binding free energies (ΔG _bind ) were calculated using molecular mechanics/Poisson ? Boltzmann surface area method, and the crucial residues in HSA were identified.     

肾综合征出血热纯化疫苗(Ⅰ型)室温稳定性观察

将批号４００３、５００２、５００９的纯化疫苗室温（２０℃）放置２周后,在不同间隔时间免疫家兔,分年度以ＥＬＩＳＡ检测免疫抗体及ＰＲＮＴ检测中和抗体,直至检测到第三年。结果证实,该型疫苗具有较好的室温稳定性。     

Oxidative modification of albumin in the parenchymal lung tissue of current smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background

There is accumulating evidence that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One current hypothesis is that the increased oxidant burden in these patients is not adequately counterbalanced by the lung antioxidant systems.

Objective

To determine the levels of oxidised human serum albumin (HSA) in COPD lung explants and the effect of oxidation on HSA degradation using an ex vivo lung explant model.

Methods

Parenchymal lung tissue was obtained from 38 patients (15F/23M) undergoing lung resection and stratified by smoking history and disease using the GOLD guidelines and the lower limit of normal for FEV₁/FVC ratio. Lung tissue was homogenised and analysed by ELISA for total levels of HSA and carbonylated HSA. To determine oxidised HSA degradation lung tissue explants were incubated with either 200 μg/ml HSA or oxidised HSA and supernatants collected at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h and analysed for HSA using ELISA and immunoblot.

Results

When stratified by disease, lung tissue from GOLD II (median = 38.2 μg/ml) and GOLD I (median = 48.4 μg/ml) patients had lower levels of HSA compared to patients with normal lung function (median = 71.9 μg/ml, P < 0.05). In addition the number of carbonyl residues, which is a measure of oxidation was elevated in GOLD I and II tissue compared to individuals with normal lung function (P < 0.05). When analysing smoking status current smokers had lower levels of HSA (median = 43.3 μg/ml, P < 0.05) compared to ex smokers (median = 71.9 μg/ml) and non-smokers (median = 71.2 μg/ml) and significantly greater number of carbonyl residues per HSA molecule (P < 0.05). When incubated with either HSA or oxidised HSA lung tissue explants rapidly degraded the oxidised HSA but not unmodified HSA (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

We report on a reliable methodology for measuring levels of oxidised HSA in human lung tissue and cell culture supernatant. We propose that differences in the levels of oxidised HSA within lung tissue from COPD patients and current smokers provides further evidence for an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and has important biological implications for the disease.

     

Physiological effects and adjuvanticity of recombinant brushtail possum TNF-alpha

The present paper describes the physiological properties of recombinant possum TNF-alpha and an adjuvant effect on antibody responses to the model protein antigen, keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). For these studies recombinant possum TNF-alpha was produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The recombinant cytokine was secreted into the culture medium and purified by gel filtration. Possum TNF-alpha produced in this expression system was N-glycosylated and bioactive in two different assays. In a murine fibroblast L929 cytotoxicity assay, the possum TNF-alpha had lower specific activity compared to human TNF-alpha, while in a possum-specific assay, possum TNF-alpha enhanced the proliferation of PHA-stimulated possum thymocytes and was more active than human TNF-alpha. The physiological effect of the recombinant possum TNF-alpha was investigated in groups of possums administered doses of 6, 30 or 150 micrograms of cytokine. For each dose, TNF-alpha caused profound effects on the numbers of circulating leucocytes characterized by a three-to-four-fold increase in neutrophil numbers at 6-24 h after injection and an initial sharp decrease in lymphocyte numbers. The efficacy of TNF-alpha as an immunological adjuvant was determined in possums administered KLH (125 micrograms) in an aqueous or Al(OH)3-based formulation with or without added recombinant TNF-alpha (150 micrograms). Serum antibody responses to KLH were monitored by ELISA. The TNF-alpha stimulated two-fold and four-fold increases in antibody levels in aqueous and Al(OH)3-based vaccine formulations, respectively. The strongest antibody responses were observed in the group of possums that received KLH formulated in Al(OH)3 with addition of TNF-alpha.     

Characterization of a vaccinia-derived recombinant HIV-1 gp160 candidate vaccine and its immunogenicity in chimpanzees.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp160 was produced in large-scale microcarrier cultures of Vero cells, using a system involving coinfection with two recombinant vaccinia viruses. The immunogenicity of this material was studied in conjunction with a number of different adjuvant formulations, and chimpanzees were then immunized with gp160 in conjunction with Al(OH)3, Al(OH)3 and sodium deoxycholate, and a lipid-based adjuvant. The Al(OH)3-gp160 vaccine formulation elicited very poor immune responses in two chimpanzees, and these animals were further immunized with gp160 in conjunction with a lipid-based adjuvant. Immunization with the latter formulation lead to induction of high-titer neutralizing antibodies, and, following challenge with HIV-1, one chimpanzee demonstrated no evidence of virus infection over a period of 3 years. The second chimpanzee, which had previously been infected with non-A, non-B hepatitis, and two animals immunized with gp160 with Al(OH)3 and deoxycholate were not protected against challenge.     

Construction, expression, purification and immunology effect of an anti-atherosclerosis chimeric enzyme vaccine in Escherichia coli

In order to prevent atherosclerosis, a chimeric enzyme vaccine of AnsB-TTP-PADRE-CETPC was successfully constructed, expressed and purified to immunize New Zealand white rabbits for inducing high titers of anti-CETP antibodies to improve lipid abnormality. The protein was expressed as soluble protein in Escherichia coli and purified by anion exchange column and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography. After immunizing rabbits with the purified protein, high titer anti-CETP antibodies were induced and lasted more than nineteen weeks in vivo; High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content in the serum was elevated to 61% while decreased low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to 37.2% compared with control rabbits in the presence of Al(OH) (3).     

Anal immunisation of carp and rainbow trout with different fractions of aVibrio anguillarumbacterin

Carp and rainbow trout were anally intubated with different fractions of aVibrio anguillarumbacterin in order to determine which fraction of the bacterin results in optimal antigen transport and induced immunological memory following application to the gut. Antigen uptake in the hindgut was demonstrated in fish intubated with complete vaccine, supernatant of the vaccine and LPS extracted from the bacterin, while whole bacteria were not taken up. Fish received a secondary immunisation by intramuscular injection with complete vaccine 10 weeks after anal intubation. Primary antibody titres were significantly increased in carp 21 days after intubation with complete vaccine or supernatant of the vaccine. Secondary antibody titres were only significantly increased in carp which were intubated with supernatant of the bacterin. Furthermore, antibody titres in carp intubated with complete vaccine or LPS tended to be increased. In contrast to carp, trout required 10 times more supernatant to obtain similar results. In conclusion, the supernatant seemed to contain the most immunogenic part of the bacterin.