NASAL BLEEDING IN CHILDREN

Nasal bleeding is a frequent and distressing occurrence in childhood. Many causes of nasal bleeding in children are recognized but trauma seems to be involved in most cases.A small localized area on the septum is the usual site of bleeding. The salient items in control of nasal bleeding are: (1) Position of the child, (2) application of pressure against the bleeding area and (3) formation and support of a clot.     

朝鲜族儿童少年体型发育探讨

为探讨我国朝鲜族儿童少年体型发育的特点与规律,应用Heath-Carter体型法,对延边地区3546名7－15岁的城乡朝鲜族儿童少年的体型进行了调研。结果表明：城市组在中因子,农村组在内因子方面各占优势;在三角型体型图上和13种体型分布比例上均具有明显的性别特点。随着年龄的增长,男孩体型变化较小。大多属中胚层体型,女孩体型变化较大。与国内外有关资料相比,朝鲜族男孩的中因子值较高,内因子值较低,外因子值居中等水平。     

儿童下牙弓发育的测量

本研究测量了１９３６名６－１２岁男女儿童的下颌牙弓的宽度和弦长。儿童前牙弓在７－９岁时增长最快,为此时恒尖牙萌出所致,１０岁以后各年龄组均数差异检验没有显著性意义。在整个替牙期,儿童前牙弓宽度约增加２ｍｍ,弦长增加１．８ｍｍ,儿童后牙弓的宽度和弦长约增加１ｍｍ左右。男孩前牙弓宽度比女孩大１ｍｍ左右。后牙弓的宽度和弦箕各年龄组均为男大于女,约１ｍｍ在右。可以把小学年龄阶段儿童的牙列分为乳牙弓、第１恒     

中国汉族儿童生长的长期趋势

本文报告了中国北京、天津、济南、哈尔滨、沈阳、长春、上海、南京、杭州、武汉、广州及成都等12个城市汉族7—18岁儿童生长的长期趋势。 50年代至今,汉族儿童生长的长期趋势是明显的,30年来同年龄儿童身高每10年增长2.66(男)、2.40(女)厘米,体重每10年增长1.64(男)、1.14(女)公斤,近10年来的增长最为显著。生长突增高峰年龄大都提前1—2年。北京、上海、南京、广州、杭州等五所城市自30年代至今,生长长期趋势也是明显的,半个世纪来,每10年增长值,男童身高为1.12—2.66厘米,体重为0.56—1.29公斤,女童身高为1.42—2.67厘米,体重为0.65—1.18公斤。     

THE TREATMENT OF SINUSITIS IN CHILDREN

The sulfonamides and antibiotics have been of great value in reducing the duration and severity of acute sinusitis in children.Chemotherapy, in the acute case, will probably prevent much chronic sinusitis of the infectious type.The most common variety of chronic sinus disease is due to a primary allergic condition plus secondary infection. It is impossible to treat these cases successfully without treating the allergy as well as the infection.The home use of any nose drop preparation is of very little value in the treatment of chronic sinusitis of any type or localization.The local nasal use of sulfonamides or antibiotics is not based upon rational principles. Their clinical value is negligible. They may, moreover, be decidedly irritating to the nasal mucosa.One should not hesitate to resort to rational surgical procedures to improve nasal ventilation in a child with sinusitis.While the advent of chemotherapeutic, antibiotic and antihistaminic drugs has been of inestimable value in the treatment of chronic sinusitis, we must not neglect to surgically correct anatomical defects and irreversible pathological mucosal changes which interfere with proper nasal physiological processes.