贝类免疫生物学研究概况

贝类,即软体动物,是无脊椎动物中的一大类。贝类的免疫生物学研究,作为无脊椎 动物免疫学研究的一部分,在探索物种的起源与进化,以及免疫系统的发生等方面有着重 要的意义。另一方面,贝类在生产上也有很高的经济价值1。贝类免疫学是贝类病虫害 研究的基础课题。尤其重要的是,人工珍珠养殖技术要求育珠蚌接受由另一只蚌移植来 的外套膜组织小片,这一独特的异体移植过程涉及到免疫学的一些基本问题。比如石安静等2,3证实插片手术中普遍存在着细胞识别和排斥现象。但除此之外,国内几乎再没有 其它关于贝类免疫学研究的报道。本文主要从瓣鳃纲(双壳纲)的角度,就已有的成果作 一综述,为国内研究提供资料。       

海洋真菌的研究概况

1海洋真菌的研究历史 　　首先报道真菌存在于海洋环境中的人是Monzonneuvo＆Montagne,他们于1864年在眼子菜科波喜荡属Posidonia一植物上发现了一种子囊菌--波喜荡球壳菌Sphaeria posidonia.在这之后的近80年中,除了Crouan兄弟在1867年描述了5种海洋真菌以及Suthefland1915～1916年（1915a,b,c,1916a,b）连续报道了对海洋真菌的研究之外,大多数的菌物学家对海洋真菌的研究没有特别的兴趣.……     

几种活菌的定植性研究

由无菌动物和动物的实验证明,喂服双歧杆菌、乳杆菌及肠球菌可以在体内定植,双歧杆菌在构成膜菌群中起重要作用,其定植数为１０＾６－１０＾８ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ,在盲肠内容物中其定植数为１０＾８－１０＾９ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ,乳杆菌的定植数为１０＾８ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ,肠球菌的定植数为１０＾６－１０＾７ＣＲＦＵ／ｍｌ。     

国际通用统计软件开发应用的研究报告

本文介绍了国际通用统计软件SAS、SPSS及BMDP的基本功能及其在农林试验中的应用；此外，对世界性普及软件MINITAB也作了扼要的介绍．     

A QUARTER CENTURY OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH IN AFRICA

SUMMARY

The African Great Lakes differ from shallower large African lakes by undergoing seasonal stratification and from large reservoirs in having long residence times, so that the ionic concentration of the lake water differs substantially from that of the inflows.

The African Great Lakes are so large that limnological events are usually local, causing regional differences. They can he regarded as models for oceanic systems, with local processes playing a major part in nutrient cycling, Production, on an area basis, may be high because of the considerable depth of the euphotic zones of many of the lakes, but the production cycle is poorly understood because of temporal and spatial limitations of sampling. Cyclonic upwelling may play an important part in offshore nutrient cycling.

Links between limnology and fisheries are becoming apparent. Catches of Oreochromis in Lake Malawi are correlated with falling lake levels three years previously, which is explained in climatological terms. Different transfer efficiencies between plankton and fish production may reflect differences in the depth of the euphotic zone. The history and seasonal changes in deep stratification appears to have had a large influences in the evolution of demersal fish faunas.

The lakes are so large and so complex that their complete investigation is beyond the resources of any single Government. There is a need for independently funded fundamental research to complement the applied research which must be the first priority of local Governments.     

地方性克汀病遗传方式的分析

本文通过1794人、176家系,340户的调查,检出地方性克汀病患者64例,应用分离分析和多基因阈值理论,证实本症属多基因遗传,其加权平均遗传率和标准误为78.51±7.53.     

淀山湖富营养化控制叶绿素a 基准研究初探

水质基准是制定水质标准的重要依据, 研究以淀山湖为例, 基于淀山湖二十多年来的监测数据, 通过数据分析的方法, 探讨了淀山湖叶绿素a 基准取值方法。结合淀山湖叶绿素a 变化趋势与年内分布特征, 通过参照状态法, 将叶绿素a 分为冬春季节与夏秋季节两个时期, 建议冬春季节基准值为2.0 μg/L, 夏秋季节基准值为5.0 μg/L。并参考太湖总磷推荐基准值, 利用淀山湖总磷与叶绿素a 投入响应关系, 对获得的基准值进行了初步验证。       

THE LASER AS A POTENTIAL TOOL FOR CELL RESEARCH

Freshly prepared hemoglobin solutions were successively irradiated up to five times with 1 MW (monochromatic wavelength) of green (530 mµ) laser power. Oxygenated hemoglobin showed no detectable change, but the spectral absorption of reduced hemoglobin showed a shift toward the characteristic curve for the oxygenated form. Intact human erythrocytes exposed to a power density of 110 MW/cm² of green laser radiation showed no appreciable change in diameter or mass, but they became transparent to a wavelength range from 400 to 600 mµ. A similar power density from a ruby laser failed to produce this bleaching effect. This response in the erythrocyte demonstrates a principle which suggests the laser as a tool for cell research: specific molecular components within a cell may be selectively altered by laser irradiation when an appropriate wavelength and a suitable power density are applied.     

荷花新品种选育研究初报

笔者采用选择育种、杂交育种和幅射诱变等手段,选育出37个花型新颖、色泽鲜丽的荷花品种。本文提出盆栽新品种的评选标准,认为在名品荟萃的荷花圃里,利用选择育种是快速简便的方法。     

ON USING PEOPLE MERELY AS A MEANS IN CLINICAL RESEARCH

It is often argued that clinical research should not violate the Kantian principle that people must not be used merely as a means for the purposes of others. At first sight, the practice of clinical research itself, however, seems to violate precisely this principle: clinical research is often beneficial to future people rather than to participants; even if participants benefit, all things considered, they are exposed to discomforts which are absent both in regular care for their diseases and in other areas of daily life. Therefore, in this paper we will consider whether people are used merely as a means by being enrolled in clinical research. On the basis of recent studies of Kantian scholars we will argue that clinical research is compatible with the Kantian principle if the conditions of possible consent and end‐sharing have been met. Participants are not used merely as a means if they have sufficient reasons to consent to being enrolled in clinical research and can share the ends of the researchers who use them. Moreover, we will claim that even if people are used merely as a means by participating in clinical research, it may not always be morally wrong to use them in this way.     

西安地区现代人颅骨非测量性研究

本文对西安地区140例(男70、女70)出土成人颅骨进行了非测量性变异类型的研究,计算出了25项形态的常见变异类型出现率、以及性差显著和非常显著的项目和类型,并进行了讨论。