共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Alicja Ziemienowicz 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2001,23(3):363-374
In recent years, considerable progress has been made in genetic engineering of various plant species, both agronomically important
crops as well as model plants. The bases of this progress were, in addition to efficient transformation methods, the design
of appropriate signals regulating transgene expression and the use of selection marker or reporter genes. In most cases, a
gene of interest is introduced into plants in association with a selectable marker gene (nptII, hpt, acc3, aadA, bar, pat). Recovery of a transgenic plant is, therefore, facilitated by selection of putative transformants on a medium containing
a selection agent, such as antibiotic (nptII, hpt, acc3, aadA), antimetabolite (dhfr), herbicide (bar, pat), etc. On the other hand, use of reporter genes (cat, lacZ, uidA, luc, gfp) allows not only to distinguish transformed and non-transformed plants, but first of all to study regulation of different
cellular processes. In particular, by employing vital markers (Luc, GFP) gene expression, protein localization and intracellular
protein traffic can be now observed in situ, without the need of destroying plant. 相似文献
2.
Herrera-Estrella L Block MD Messens E Hernalsteens JP Montagu MV Schell J 《The EMBO journal》1983,2(6):987-995
Opine synthases are enzymes produced in dicotyledonous plants as the result of a natural gene transfer phenomenon. Agrobacteria contain Ti plasmids that direct the transfer, stable integration and expression of a number of genes in plants, including the genes coding for octopine or nopaline synthase. This fact was used as the basis for the construction of a number of chimeric genes combining the 5' upstream promoter sequences and most of the untranslated leader sequence of the nopaline synthase (nos) gene with the coding sequence of two bacterial genes: the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (APH(3')II) gene of Tn5 and the methotrexate-insensitive dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR MtxR) of the R67 plasmid. The APH(3')II enzyme inactivates a number of aminoglycoside antibiotics such as kanamycin, neomycin and G418. Kanamycin, G418 and methotrexate are very toxic to plants. The chimeric NOS-APH(3')II gene, when transferred to tobacco cells using the Ti plasmid as a gene vector, was expressed and conferred resistance to kanamycin to the plant cells. Kanamycin-resistant tobacco cells were shown to contain a typical APH(3')II phosphorylase activity. This chimeric gene can be used as a potent dominant selectable marker in plants. Similar results were also obtained with a NOS-DHFR MtxR gene. Our results demonstrate that foreign genes are not only transferred but are also functionally expressed when the appropriate constructions are made using promoters known to be active in plant cells. 相似文献
3.
New plant binary vectors with selectable markers located proximal to the left T-DNA border 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
Detlef Becker Elke Kemper Jeff Schell Robert Masterson 《Plant molecular biology》1992,20(6):1195-1197
Five new binary vectors have been constructed which have the following features: (1) different plant selectable markers including neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII), hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt), dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (bar), and bleomycin resistance (ble); (2) selectable markers are located near the T-DNA left border and; (3) selectable marker and -glucuronidase (uidA) reporter genes are divergently organized for efficient expression, and can easily be removed or replaced as needed. 相似文献
4.
M Bevan 《Nucleic acids research》1984,12(22):8711-8721
A vector molecule for the efficient transformation of higher plants has been constructed with several features that make it efficient to use. It utilizes the trans acting functions of the vir region of a co-resident Ti plasmid in Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transfer sequences bordered by left and right T-DNA border sequences into the nuclear genome of plants. The T-region contains a dominant selectable marker gene that confers high levels of resistance to kanamycin, and a lac alpha-complementing region from M13mp19 that contains several unique restriction sites for the positive selection of inserted DNA. 相似文献
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Plant transformation is an important tool for basic research and agricultural biotechnology. In most cases, selection of putative transformants is based on antibiotic or herbicide resistance. Overexpression of plant genes that provide protection from abiotic or biotic stresses can result in a conferred phenotype that can be used as a means for selection. We have demonstrated herein that specific methionine sulfoxide reductase B (MsrB) genes that are overexpressed in transgenic plants may constitute a new selectable marker with concomitantly increased tolerance to methyl viologen (MV) treatment. Arabidopsis transformants overexpressing cytosolic MsrB7, MsrB8 or MsrB9 are viable and survive after MV selection. To establish whether these native plant origin genes serve as new non-antibiotic markers that can be applied to crop transformation, tomato cotyledons were used as transformation materials. MsrB7 transgenic tomato plants were successfully obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and selection on medium supplemented with MV. We suggest that specific MsrB genes that are overexpressed in transgenic plants may constitute a new selectable marker with increased tolerance to oxidative stress concomitant with MV treatment. 相似文献
7.
Sung H. Park Susan C. Rose Cecilia Zapata Metinee Srivatanakul Roberta H. Smith 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1998,34(2):117-121
Summary Selectable marker genes play an important role in plant transformation. The level of selection pressure is generally established
by generating a kill curve for the selectable marker. In most cases, the lowest concentration which kills all explants is
used. This study examined two selectable marker genes, phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) and hygromycin phosphotransferase
(HPT), in transformation of tobacco leaf disks. Experiments to determine the lethal level of the herbicide, glufosinate-ammonium
(phosphinothricin) (PPT) using a leaf-disk regeneration assay established that no shoots regenerated at 2 to 4 mg PPT per
1. Likewise with the antibiotic, hygromycin (HYG), no plants regenerated at 50 mg hygromycin per 1. In contrast, after cocultivation
of the leaf disks withAgrobacterium tumefaciens containing either the PAT or HPT gene in combination with a Bt gene for insect resistance, plants were successfully regenerated
from leaf disks at 2 to 4 mg PPT per 1 and 50 mg hygromycin per 1. However, most plants regenerated at 2 and 3 mg PPT per
1 were found to be nontransformed (95–100% escapes) by i) Southern-blot analysis, ii) herbicide application test, and iii)
insect feeding bioassay. On the other hand, plants that regenerated on 50 mg hygromycin per 1 and 4 mg PPT per 1 were transgenic
as determined by Southern analysis, leaf assay for PPT or HYG resistance, and death of tobacco budworms feeding on these leaves.
This study showed a significant level of cross-protection and/or transient expression of the PAT selectable marker gene allowing
escapes (95–100%) at selection levels of 2 and 3 mg PPT per 1 which completely kill controls. On the other hand, the HPT gene
at 50 mg is efficient in selecting for T-DNA integration. 相似文献
8.
Efficient oligonucleotide-directed construction of mutations in expression vectors by the gapped duplex DNA method using alternating selectable markers. 总被引:67,自引:9,他引:58
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P Stanssens C Opsomer Y M McKeown W Kramer M Zabeau H J Fritz 《Nucleic acids research》1989,17(12):4441-4454
An efficient method for the construction of multiple mutations in a sequential manner is described. It is based on the gapped duplex DNA approach to oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (Kramer et al. 1984, Nucl. Acids Res. 12, 9441-9456) and a set of newly constructed phasmid vectors. These are characterized by the following features. Presence of the phage fl replication origin permits ready conversion to the single stranded DNA form. An amber mutation within, alternatively, the bla or cat gene provides a means for ready selection of the strand into which the mutagenic oligonucleotide has been incorporated. By means of the alternating antibiotic resistance markers any number of mutations can be constructed in consecutive rounds of mutagenesis. The optional presence of gene expression signals allows the direct overproduction of structurally altered proteins without re-cloning. Both the mutagenesis and expression aspects were tested using the lacZ gene as a model. 相似文献
9.
Lioudmila A. Zaslavskaia J. Casey Lippmeier Peter G. Kroth Arthur R. Grossman Kirk E. Apt 《Journal of phycology》2000,36(2):379-386
A general purpose transformation vector, designated pPha-T1, was constructed for use with the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin. This vector harbors the sh ble cassette for primary selection on medium containing the antibiotic zeocin, and a multiple cloning site flanked by the P. tricornutum fcp A promoter. pPha-T1 was used to establish the utility of three selectable marker genes and two reporter genes for P. tricornutum transformation. The nat and sat-1 genes confer resistance to the antibiotic nourseothricin, and npt II confers resistance to G418. Each of these genes was effective as a selectable marker for identifying primary transformants. These markers could also be used for dual selections in combination with the sh ble gene. The reporter genes uid A and gfp were also introduced into P. tricornutum using pPha-T1. Gus expression in some transformants reached 15 μg·μg−1 of total soluble protein and permitted excellent cell staining, while GFP fluorescence was readily visible with standard fluorescence microscopy. The egfp gene, which has optimal codon usage for expression in human cells, was the only version of gfp that produced a strong fluorescent signal in P. tricornutum. The codon bias of the egfp gene is similar to that of P. tricornutum genes. This study suggests that codon usage has a significant effect on the efficient expression of reporter genes in P. tricornutum. The results presented here demonstrate that a variety of selectable markers and reporter genes can be expressed in P. tricornutum , enhancing the potential of this organism for exploring basic biological questions and industrial applications. 相似文献
10.
Development of transformation vectors based upon a modified plant alpha-tubulin gene as the selectable marker 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yemets A Radchuk V Bayer O Bayer G Pakhomov A Vance Baird W Blume YB 《Cell biology international》2008,32(5):566-570
A plant transformation and selection system has been developed utilizing a modified tubulin gene as a selectable marker. The vector constructs carrying a mutant alpha-tubulin gene from goosegrass conferring resistance to dinitroaniline herbicides were created for transformation of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. These constructs contained beta- and/or mutant alpha-tubulin genes driven either by ubiquitin or CaMV 35S promoter. The constructs were used for biolistic transformation of finger millet and soybean or for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of flax and tobacco. Trifluralin, the main representative of dinitroaniline herbicides, was used as a selective agent in experiments to select transgenic cells, tissues and plantlets. Selective concentrations of trifluralin estimated for each species were as follows: 10 microM for Eleusine coracana, Glycine max, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and Nicotiana sylvestris; 3 microM for Linum usitatissimum. PCR and Southern blotting analyses of transformed lines with a specific probe to nptII, alpha-tubulin or beta-tubulin genes were performed to confirm the transgenic nature of regenerated plants. Band specific for the mutant alpha-tubulin gene was identified in transformed plant lines. Results confirmed the stable integration of the mutant tubulin gene into the plant genomes. The present study clearly demonstrates the use of a plant mutant tubulin as a selective gene for plant transformation. 相似文献
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13.
New shuttle vectors for Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli which allow rapid detection of inserted fragments 总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33
Two new shuttle vectors have been constructed by fusing the Escherichia coli plasmid pUC9 with the Staphylococcus aureus plasmids pU110 and pC194. The resulting hybrids replicate in both E. coli and Bacillus subtilis and contain seven restriction sites within a part of the lacZ gene. Insertion of foreign DNA into those sites can be easily detected in E. coli and hybrid plasmids can subsequently be transformed into B. subtilis. 相似文献
14.
多基因植物表达载体的构建 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
将功能互补的抗真菌病基因或抗虫基因共同转化水稻植株,可望获得既抗病又抗虫的转基因水稻植株,马铃薯蛋白酶抑制剂Ⅱ基因PinⅡ,苏云金杆菌毒蛋白CryⅠ(b)基因B.t.,以及PPT乙酰转移酶基因bar构建在一个载体上,水稻碱性几丁质酶基因RC24与大麦核糖体失活蛋白基因B-RIP构建在另一个载体上,两载体共同转化水稻植株的工作正在进行之中。Ⅱ 相似文献
15.
双价抗虫基因植物表达载体的构建 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
将蝎毒基因BmKITS和几丁质酶基因chitinase2个抗虫基因采用不同的启动子ubi或35S,连到2个高效的植物表达载体pWM101和pBI101中,2个重组表达质粒分别经过限制性酶切分析和PCR鉴定,实验结果表明2个含有双价抗虫基因的植物重组表达质粒均已构建成功. 相似文献
16.
Ubiquitin promoter-based vectors for high-level expression of selectable and/or screenable marker genes in monocotyledonous plants 总被引:55,自引:7,他引:48
A set of plasmids has been constructed utilizing the promoter, 5 untranslated exon, and first intron of the maize ubiquitin (Ubi-1) gene to drive expression of protein coding sequences of choice. Plasmids containing chimaeric genes for ubiquitin-luciferase (Ubi-Luc), ubiquitin--glucuronidase (Ubi-GUS), and ubiquitin-phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (Ubi-bar) have been generated, as well as a construct containing chimaeric genes for bothUbi-GUS andUbi-bar in a single plasmid. Another construct was generated to allow cloning of protein coding sequences of choice onBam HI andBam HI-compatible restriction fragments downstream of theUbi-1 gene fragment. Because theUbi-1 promotor has been shown to be highly active in monocots, these constructs may be useful for generating high-level gene expression of selectable markers to facilitate efficient transformation of monocots, to drive expression of reference reporter genes in studies of gene expression, and to provide expression of biotechnologically important protein products in transgenic plants. 相似文献
17.
Since most archaea are extremophilic and difficult to cultivate, our current knowledge of their biology is confined largely to comparative genomics and biochemistry. Haloferax volcanii offers great promise as a model organism for archaeal genetics, but until now there has been a lack of a wide variety of selectable markers for this organism. We describe here isolation of H. volcanii leuB and trpA genes encoding 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase and tryptophan synthase, respectively, and development of these genes as a positive selection system. DeltaleuB and DeltatrpA mutants were constructed in a variety of genetic backgrounds and were shown to be auxotrophic for leucine and tryptophan, respectively. We constructed both integrative and replicative plasmids carrying the leuB or trpA gene under control of a constitutive promoter. The use of these selectable markers in deletion of the lhr gene of H. volcanii is described. 相似文献
18.
A series of vectors with two dominant selectable genes was constructed for repair and mutation studies following transfer into mammalian cells. The recombinant genes (SV-gpt and HSVtk-neo) were placed in different relative orientations and positions in the vectors. These variables were shown to affect transformation frequency of cells by the vectors especially where one of the genes had a relatively weak expression, modelled by truncating the promoter of the HSVtk-neo gene. The use of two-gene vectors to assess DNA repair was investigated by cutting the SV-gpt gene with a restriction endonuclease and monitoring correct rejoining by selecting for gene activity after transfer into various cell types. In such experiments, selection was first applied for the undamaged HSVtk-neo gene to eliminate transfer artefacts, followed by counterselection for the activity of the damaged SV-gpt gene. The measured frequency of correct rejoining of the damaged gene was found to vary both with the vector construct and with the recipient cell species (Chinese hamster V79 or human transformed fibroblasts). Despite this variation, correct rejoining was found to be consistently lower in radiosensitive (ataxia telangiectasia) human cells than in wild-type human cells, irrespective of the vector construct. In these experiments, some of the transformed cell colonies showed 'sectoring' on exposure to the counterselection, suggesting a slow determination of the fate of transferred DNA. For mutation studies a V79 cell clone carrying a single copy of one of these two-gene vectors was identified and shown to be stably integrated. Mutations of the SV-gpt gene in these cells were isolated while maintaining selection for the HSVtk-neo gene, to attempt to limit mutational loss of the total integrated sequence and provide at least one identifiable junction for analysis of deletion events. Spontaneous and X-ray-induced mutants were identified with a variety of genetic changes, as shown by Southern analysis, from presumed point mutations to deletions and rearrangements of the vector sequence. Rescue of integrated two-gene vector sequences from transformed cells, by recloning in E. coli, was shown to be feasible; thus alterations in transferred DNA can be analysed in detail. 相似文献
19.
Promoter cassettes, antibiotic-resistance genes, and vectors for plant transformation 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
We have constructed a set of plant transformation vectors, promoter cassettes, and chimeric antibiotic-resistance genes for the transformation and expression of foreign genes in plants sensitive to Agrobacterium infection. The different vectors allow for either concurrent or consecutive selection for kanamycin and hygromycin resistance and have a number of unique restriction sites for the insertion of additional DNA. The promoter cassettes utilize the CaMV 19S and CaMV 35S promoters and are constructed to allow for the easy insertion of foreign genes. The cloned gene can then easily be inserted into the transformation vectors. We have utilized the promoter cassettes to express the hygromycin-resistance gene either from the CaMV 35S or the CaMV 19S promoters, with both chimeric resistance genes allowing for the selection of hygromycin-resistant tobacco plants. 相似文献