pNK289衍生质粒在芽孢杆菌中的分离稳定性*

报道关于一系列ｐＮＫ２８９衍生质粒分离稳定性研究结果。这些起源相同的质粒在Ｂａｃｉ－ｌｌｕｓ．ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓＡＳＩ．１１７６中的分离稳定性存在差异,这种差异与质粒的大小和复制方式无关,而与质粒的拷贝数有一定的关系。由于不稳定质粒ｐＮＫ２１９在Ｂ．Ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ ＢＤ２２４宿主中能稳定遗传,所以推测宿主的遗传背景可能影响质粒的分离稳定性。这些研究不仅为进一步寻找与ＰＮＫ２８９衍生质粒稳定性相关的基因奠定了基础,而且为在芽孢杆中构建稳定的重组质粒提供了理论依据。     

芽孢杆菌基因工程新载体的构建

利用从Bacillus pumilus 289中分离出的隐秘质粒pNK289(7.2kb)的复制起始调控区及启动区DNA片段和质粒pPL 601上的氯霉素乙酰基转移酶结构基因(cat-86),构建了能在B.subtilis和B. pumilus中稳定传代的质粒pNQ216(4.1kb)和pNQ402(2.8kb)。在非诱导条件下,其在含Cm的LB平皿上的外显率都比pPL600高约30％,可以用作芽孢杆菌基因克隆的质粒载体。     

从Staphylococcus aureus 307株分离的三个质粒在Bacillus subtilis Ki-2和168株中的表达和特性

Staphylococcus aureus 307株是临床分离的一多重耐药株,其中包括抗氯霉素(Cm~R),抗卡那霉素(Km~R)和抗四环素(Tc~R)。实验结果表明,这三种抗药性是分别为三个质粒所决定的。我们把它们分别称为pC307、pK307和pT307。通过转化把三个质粒引入Bacillus subtilis Ki-2和168株,获得Cm~R Km~R Tc~R转化体。本文研究了这些质粒所携带的抗药基因在Ki-2和168株中的表达,以及质粒在新宿主中的相容性和稳定性。     

短小芽孢杆菌作为芽孢杆菌属基因工程受体菌的研究

以质粒pUB110 DNA转化B. pumilus 289原生质体,转化频率为10~(-3)—10~(-9)与B.tubtilis 168系统相当;但B.pumilus 289原生质体的再生频率(0.3—12.0％)略低于B.subtilis 168(1.53—24.16％);在无选择压力条件下质粒pUB110在B.pumilus 289中经过45个世代周期,自发丢失率小于3％,同于B.subtilis 168系统。外源基因在B.pumilus 289中经25个世代周期丢失率低于5％,而在B.subtilis 168系统中则高达24％;外源基因的表达水平亦高于B.subtilis 168系统。因此,B.pumilus 289是一个值得进一步开发的基因工程受体系统。     

产腈水合酶重组大肠杆菌的质粒稳定性研究

成功构建了腈水合酶(nitrile hydratase,NHase)高表达的重组大肠杆菌E.coliBL21(DE3)/pETNH^M(Kan^r),研究了重组质粒pETNH^M在重组菌株中的质粒稳定性。结果表明,pETNH^M具有较好的结构稳定性,连续传代60代后质粒的基因序列没有明显缺失,且能够正常表达腈水合酶。pETNH^M具有分离不稳定性,在无抗生素选择压力下,连续传代48代后质粒丢失的无质粒细胞开始出现。琼脂糖凝胶电泳定量分析表明,2/3的质粒pETNH^M以二聚体形式存在,导致质粒拷贝数的下降。进一步研究表明,重组细胞的连续高速分裂及腈水合酶的高表达也会造成质粒拷贝数的下降,从而降低其分离稳定性。反之,重组菌株相对于宿主菌株的较高比生长速率有利于保持含质粒细胞的生长优势,卡那霉素的选择压力则能够保证质粒的稳定遗传。     

外源质粒在枯草芽孢杆菌BF7658中的稳定性及其基因表达

通过B.subtilis噬菌体PBSI转导,已将携带热稳定α-淀粉酶基因的质粒pAmy411引进了B.subtilis BF7658.转导频率为10_(-9)转导子/PFU。尽管pAmy 411的诲贝数在B.subtilis BF7658中较在B.subtilis AS 1.1176中高1倍,但其传代稳定性却较后者低。质粒携带的热稳定α-淀粉酶基因的表达水平在B.subtilis BF 7658中较在B.subtilisAS1.1176中高6倍。     

PUC衍生质粒的一个低拷贝数突变型

本文报道大肠杆菌的ColE1类似质粒的一个低拷贝数突变型。从载体质粒pUC4衍生的重组质粒pPGVT3在大肠杆菌宿主DF2145中是不稳定的,以pPGVT3转化DF2145时在4o℃培养得不到转化子。用诱发点突变的羟胺体外处理pPGVF3质粒DNA,得到一个稳定性提高了的突变质粒pPGVT3HA,突变的位置被确定在质粒的pUC部分,突变降低了pUC及其衍生质粒的拷贝数。文中对质粒的稳定性与拷贝数的关系作了讨论。     

表达NM23-H1/NDPK-A工程菌的遗传稳定性研究

目的:研究重组工程菌的遗传稳定性。方法:利用重组表达质粒pBVNM-H1转化宿主菌E.coli DH5α,筛选重组工程菌DH5α-pBVNM-H1。将新构建好的重组工程菌在无选择压力的条件下进行连续传代培养,比较菌落在LB(-)和LB(+)培养基上的生长状况,并对传代菌株目标蛋白的表达情况以及质粒数量和目的基因DNA进行电泳鉴定。结果:重组工程菌连续传代50次中,在LB(-)和LB(+)培养基上的生长状况相同,目标蛋白表达量无显著差异,质粒数量及目的基因DNA结构稳定。结论:重组工程菌DH5α-pBVNM-H1具有良好的遗传稳定性。     

热稳定α—淀粉酶稳定性工程菌的构建

本文以质粒pE194为载体亚克隆B.licheniformis热稳定α-淀粉酶基因,构建成重组质粒pNW102,通过噬菌体PBS1将它转导进入中温α-淀粉酶生产菌B.subtilis BF7658。B.subtilis BF7658(pNW102)经过长时间非许可温度处理,筛选得到2株热稳定α-淀粉酶稳定性表达的工程菌株。酶学分析显示同源重组具有热点,2株重组菌株B.subtilis BFNW产生的热稳定α-淀粉酶符合B.licheniformis产生的淀粉酶特性。     

海参溶菌酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌WB600中的整合及表达

采用枯草芽孢杆菌WB600(Bacillus subtilis WB600)在体外表达海刺参溶菌酶(Stichopus japonicus lysozyme,SjLys)蛋白。通过构建克隆质粒pMD18-P43-SjLys,将B.subtilis自身强启动子P43序列和已分离得到的SjLys基因(GenBank登录号EF036468)连接(P43-SjLys)。经BamH I/EcoR I酶切,将P43-SjLys片段连接到B.subtilis整合载体pDG1730上,构建整合重组质粒pDG-P43-SjLys。经Xho I酶切处理,线性化的pDG-P43-SjLys质粒转化B.subtilis WB600细胞。P43-SjLys片段通过同源双交换重组整合到B.subtilis WB600染色体上,成功得到具有稳定遗传的基因工程菌B.subtilis WB600/P43-SjLys。经SDS-PAGE和抑菌试验分析表明,培养60 h后,B.subtilis WB600/P43-SjLys能够表达可溶的,对常见的海洋细菌溶壁微球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有较强的抑菌活性的SjLys蛋白。首次在B.subtilis表达系统中得到可溶且具有酶活功能的SjLys蛋白,为SjLys的生产提出了一种具有可行性的和潜力的新方法。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.