溶磷微生物在土壤磷循环中的作用研究进展

磷是生物分子中的重要元素,是陆地生态系统初级生产的主要限制因子之一。全球粮食需求的增加和现代农业对磷肥的消耗导致集约农田中磷的过量输入,进而引起土壤磷流失的增加和地表水的持续富营养化。溶磷微生物(phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, PSMs)被认为是可以提高农业生产力的生态友好型肥料,在改善土壤肥力方面有重要意义。全面和深入理解PSMs功能及其在磷的土壤生物化学转化过程中的作用,对提高土壤磷有效性有至关重要的作用。本文系统综述了PSMs的种类和分布多样性,主要参与微生物磷循环的功能基因,以及PSMs如何参与土壤磷循环和这些过程背后的反应机制,以便更好地认识PSMs能力及其在土壤磷循环中的作用,以便于在未来的应用中发挥更大的潜力。     

Role of soil microorganisms in improving P nutrition of plants

Phosphorus (P) is one of the major plant growth-limiting nutrients although it is abundant in soils in both inorganic and organic forms. Phosphate solubilizing micro-organisms (PSMs) are ubiquitous in soils and could play an important role in supplying P to plants in a more environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. Although solubilization of P compounds by microbes is very common under laboratory conditions, results in the field have been highly variable. This variability has hampered the large-scale use of PSMs in agriculture. Many reasons have been suggested for this variability, but none of them have been extensively investigated. In spite of the importance of PSMs in agriculture, the detailed biochemical and molecular mechanisms of P solubilization are not known. Recent work in our laboratory has shown that the conditions employed to isolate PSMs do not reflect soil conditions and that PSMs capable of effectively releasing P from soil are not so highly abundant as was suggested in earlier studies. These studies have also indicated that the mineral phosphate solubilizing (mps) ability of microbes could be linked to specific genes, and that these genes are present even in non P solubilizing bacteria. Understanding the genetic basis of P solubilization could help in transforming more rhizosphere-competent bacteria into PSMs. Further research should also focus on the microbial solubilization of iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) phosphates, as well as mobilization of the organic phosphate reserves present in the soils.     

Applying population and community ecology theory to advance understanding of belowground biogeochemistry

Approaches to quantifying and predicting soil biogeochemical cycles mostly consider microbial biomass and community composition as products of the abiotic environment. Current numerical approaches then primarily emphasise the importance of microbe–environment interactions and physiology as controls on biogeochemical cycles. Decidedly less attention has been paid to understanding control exerted by community dynamics and biotic interactions. Yet a rich literature of theoretical and empirical contributions highlights the importance of considering how variation in microbial population ecology, especially biotic interactions, is related to variation in key biogeochemical processes like soil carbon formation. We demonstrate how a population and community ecology perspective can be used to (1) understand the impact of microbial communities on biogeochemical cycles and (2) reframe current theory and models to include more detailed microbial ecology. Through a series of simulations we illustrate how density dependence and key biotic interactions, such as competition and predation, can determine the degree to which microbes regulate soil biogeochemical cycles. The ecological perspective and model simulations we present lay the foundation for developing empirical research and complementary models that explore the diversity of ecological mechanisms that operate in microbial communities to regulate biogeochemical processes.     

病毒及其生态功能

病毒被认为是地球上数量最多的生物类群。在海洋生态系统中,研究人员确认了病毒巨大的数量和遗传多样性以及对很多原核生物和部分真核生物死亡率的重要贡献;建立起病毒影响生物地球化学循环的概念模型;也开始研究病毒及其生态系统功能对全球变化的响应和反馈作用。然而,人们对于土壤病毒生态学的研究严重滞后,甚至对于土壤病毒的多度和分布、环境影响因子等基本信息的了解都很有限。土壤蕴含巨量的可溶性和不可溶性有机物,土壤病毒应该会对土壤微生物的死亡率有重要贡献,并因此对土壤碳循环产生深远影响,因而将土壤病毒纳入到已有的生态系统生态学模型中将促进我们对土壤碳循环的理解。     

土壤解磷微生物促进植物磷素吸收策略研究进展

随着全球磷肥需求增加和磷矿资源储量短缺矛盾逐渐加重,土壤解磷微生物在促进磷循环方面的重要性日益突显,因此有必要对其种类和促进植物磷素吸收策略进行全面梳理总结。荟萃分析了土壤解磷微生物种类并构建了系统进化树,重点论述了土壤解磷微生物促进植物磷素吸收主要策略。土壤解磷微生物主要通过矿化和溶解作用直接活化难溶性磷,但其也能与植物根系互作间接活化磷素。其间接途径主要包括解磷微生物与根系分泌物和丛枝菌根真菌互作,它们通过碳磷交换间接活化磷素;其次包括一些解磷微生物可以通过固氮作用使植物生长受到磷的限制,从而调节植物磷酸盐转运系统间接活化土壤磷;解磷微生物也能通过分泌植物激素和生物防治剂促进植物根系生长间接促进植物磷素吸收。解磷微生物还能通过磷素固定减少磷流失,也可以通过加速自身磷素周转促进植物磷素吸收。对完善和发展解磷微生物主导的土壤磷循环和植物磷素吸收利用理论体系具有重要意义。     

降水量变化与氮添加下荒漠草原土壤酶活性及其影响因素

土壤酶主要由植物根系和微生物分泌产生, 参与有机质降解和元素循环等重要过程。研究降水量变化和氮(N)添加下土壤酶活性及其与植物群落组成以及微生物活动间的联系, 可为深入理解全球变化背景下植被-土壤系统中元素的循环与转化机制提供科学依据。该研究基于2017年在宁夏荒漠草原设立的降水量变化(减少50%、减少30%、对照、增加30%以及增加50%)和N添加(0和5 g·m^-2·a^-1)的野外试验, 研究了2018-2019年土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性的变化, 分析了其与植物群落组成、微生物生态化学计量特征的关系。结果表明: 与减少降水量相比, 增加降水量对3种酶活性的影响较大, 但其效应与N添加以及年份存在交互作用。2018年增加降水量对3种酶活性的影响缺乏明显的规律性。2019年增加降水量不同程度地提高了3种酶活性。N添加对3种酶活性影响较小(尤其2019年); 草木樨状黄耆(Astragalus melilotoides)生物量与脲酶和磷酸酶活性负相关。糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)生物量与3种酶活性正相关。除Patrick丰富度指数外, 植物群落多样性指数普遍与3种酶活性负相关; 对酶活性影响较大的因子包括土壤pH、土壤全磷(P)含量和微生物生物量碳(C):N:P。因此, 短期内降水量变化及N添加对荒漠草原土壤酶的影响较小(尤其在减少降水量条件下); 降水量增加及N添加通过提高植物生物量、改变植物多样性、调节微生物生物量元素平衡以及增强土壤P有效性, 直接影响着土壤酶活性。鉴于土壤酶种类的多样化和功能的复杂性, 今后还需结合多种酶活性的长期变化规律, 深入分析全球变化对酶活性的影响机制。     

Insights into Diversity and Imputed Metabolic Potential of Bacterial Communities in the Continental Shelf of Agatti Island

Marine microbes play a key role and contribute largely to the global biogeochemical cycles. This study aims to explore microbial diversity from one such ecological hotspot, the continental shelf of Agatti Island. Sediment samples from various depths of the continental shelf were analyzed for bacterial diversity using deep sequencing technology along with the culturable approach. Additionally, imputed metagenomic approach was carried out to understand the functional aspects of microbial community especially for microbial genes important in nutrient uptake, survival and biogeochemical cycling in the marine environment. Using culturable approach, 28 bacterial strains representing 9 genera were isolated from various depths of continental shelf. The microbial community structure throughout the samples was dominated by phylum Proteobacteria and harbored various bacterioplanktons as well. Significant differences were observed in bacterial diversity within a short region of the continental shelf (1–40 meters) i.e. between upper continental shelf samples (UCS) with lesser depths (i.e. 1–20 meters) and lower continental shelf samples (LCS) with greater depths (i.e. 25–40 meters). By using imputed metagenomic approach, this study also discusses several adaptive mechanisms which enable microbes to survive in nutritionally deprived conditions, and also help to understand the influence of nutrition availability on bacterial diversity.     

Study of biodiversity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Klebsiella </Emphasis>sp.

Microorganisms provide the largest gamut of genetic and physiological diversity in nature. The determination of the biodiversity of microbes is necessary for the exploitation of their inestimable population, which remains unexplored in the environment. In our study, we have isolated 20 different Klebsiella sp. from contaminated soil and effluent treatment plants and determined their genetic diversity using molecular tools. The phylogenetic result based on 16S rDNA sequencing, shows genetic variation among the strains, which was further confirmed by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The occurrence of a broad spectrum of Klebsiella sp. variants in polluted and stress environments portrays the ability of this genus to survive abundantly under stress conditions.     

Highly different levels of natural transformation are associated with genomic subgroups within a local population of Pseudomonas stutzeri from soil

A highly sensitive and specific PCR-based method of monitoring 16S rRNA genes of Pseudomonas stutzeri was developed for searching P. stutzeri DNA in environmental samples. This monitoring was combined with a reliable and sensitive method for isolating P. stutzeri colony formers from soil and sediment, depending on their utilization of ethylene glycol, starch, and maltose. With these techniques, P. stutzeri populations (n = 2 to 170) were obtained from five of six sites giving positive PCR signals (including three marine sediment and two soil samples). The phylogenetic positions of isolates from the five sites, based on their 16S ribosomal DNA sequences, indicated that the environmental isolates were affiliated with different genomovars of P. stutzeri. Using the broad-host-range plasmid pNS1 with kanamycin and gentamicin resistance determinants as the transforming DNA, naturally transformable strains were identified among the isolates from all sites. For one population from soil, the genetic relationship of the 120 members was determined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR with three PCR primers. Among the population members which are taxonomically closely related as determined by 16S sequence comparisons of group representatives, a rather high genetic diversity and a characteristic clustering into subgroups were found. Remarkably, within the population, nontransformability and different levels of transformability (a frequency between about 10(-9) and 10(-4) per cell) were often associated with distinct genetic subgroups. It is concluded that transformability is widespread among environmental P. stutzeri strains and that its specific level is a heritable trait that may vary strongly within a local population.     

亚热带次级森林演替过程中模拟氮磷沉降对土壤微生物生物量及土壤养分的影响

氮（N）沉降深刻影响着森林生态系统的生物多样性、生产力和稳定性。亚热带地区森林土壤磷（P）的有效性较低,N沉降将更突显P的限制作用。N、P输入对亚热带次级森林土壤的影响是否依赖于森林演替阶段知之甚少。选取两种不同演替年龄阶段（年轻林：<40 a;老年林：>85 a）的亚热带常绿阔叶林,设置模拟N和/或P沉降（10 g m^-2 a^-1）4个处理（Ctrl、N、P、NP）,连续处理4.5年后采集表层、次表层和下底层（0-15、15-30、30-60 cm）土壤样品,综合分析了土壤微生物生物量碳（MBC）氮（MBN）和多种土壤养分含量。结果表明,MBC、MBN及土壤养分含量均随土壤深度增加而降低。N添加对两种演替阶段森林土壤中MBC和MBN均无显著影响。施P相关处理（P和NP）对年轻林表层土壤MBC和MBN无显著影响,但显著增加了老年林表层土壤MBC和MBN（P<0.05）,表明老年林可能比年轻林更易受P限制。N添加显著增加了两种演替森林表层土壤可溶性有机氮（DON）、氨态氮（NH₄⁺-N）和硝态氮（NO₃^--N）的含量（P<0.05）;P相关处理（P和NP）显著增加两种演替阶段表层和次表层土壤速效磷（AP）以及表层土壤全磷（TP）的含量（P<0.05）。土壤MBC和MBN与土壤中各养分指标（可溶性有机碳DOC、DON、NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、AP、全碳TC、全氮TN和TP）呈显著正相关关系,土壤TC、TN和DOC是影响土壤微生物生物量的主要因子。研究可为评估和揭示未来全球环境变化背景下不同演替林龄亚热带森林的土肥潜力及土壤质量的演变提供一定的科学理论依据。     

Four years of litter input manipulation changes soil microbial characteristics in a temperate mixed forest

Aboveground litter not only is an important source of nutrients to soil microbes but also regulates the microclimate in topsoil. How the changes in aboveground litter quantity would affect the microbial biogeochemical cycles is still unclear. Here we conducted a litter input manipulation experiment in a temperate mixed forest to investigate how different amounts of litter input affect soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil respiration via their regulation on soil microbes. We found that although neither SOC stock nor soil CO₂ efflux was affected by litter manipulation, soil microbial characteristics had responded after four years of litter addition or removal treatments. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in the O horizon was higher in litter addition plots than in litter removal plots as a result of the changed availability of labile C under litter treatments. Both double litter and no litter treatments changed microbial compositions, which was probably due to the increased soil pH in no litter treatment and the increased labile C in double litter treatment. The null change in soil respiration could be attributed to the offset between the negative effect of decreased substrate and the positive effect of increased temperature on soil respiration in litter removal plots. Due to the important role of soil microbes in carbon cycling, the altered microbial properties under litter manipulation treatments suggested the inevitable changes in biogeochemical cycling in the long run and call for long-term studies on SOC dynamics in the future.

     

树种多样性对土壤微生物群落结构和元素生物地球化学循环的影响研究进展

森林是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,其巨大的生产力和生态服务功能对人类的生存和发展至关重要。森林树种多样性增加能够显著提高森林生产力,关于树种多样性如何影响地下生物多样性及生态功能逐渐受到国内外学者的广泛关注。从土壤微生物及其介导的元素生物地球化学循环这一视角出发,综述了树种多样性对土壤细菌和真菌多样性、群落结构及功能的影响,提出需要进一步深入研究的方向。总体来说,树种多样性有利于增加土壤细菌生物量和多样性,是预测病原性真菌和菌根真菌多样性及群落结构的重要生物因子。树种多样性能增加土壤有机碳储量,增强森林土壤的甲烷氧化能力,并提高土壤磷周转速率及有效磷含量。关于树种多样性对森林土壤氮循环的影响需考虑多样性假说和质量比假说的相对贡献。今后应加强树种多样性对多个营养级之间相互作用的研究;关注树种多样性对生态系统多功能的影响;加强学科交叉,引入微生物种群动态模型和气候模型等模型预测方法,研究树种多样性对全球气候变化的应对机制,以期促进地上植物多样性与地下生态系统功能关系的研究,增强森林生态系统应对未来全球环境变化的能力。     

微生物介导的碳氮循环过程对全球气候变化的响应

土壤是地球表层最为重要的碳库也是温室气体的源或汇。自工业革命以来,对土壤温室气体的容量、收支平衡和通量等已有较多研究和估算,但对关键过程及其源/汇的研究却十分有限。微生物是土壤碳氮转化的主要驱动者, 在生态系统碳氮循环过程中扮演重要的角色,对全球气候变化有着响应的响应、适应及反馈,然而其个体数量,群落结构和多样性如何与气候扰动相互关联、进而怎样影响生态系统过程的问题仍有待进一步探索。从微生物介导的碳氮循环过程入手,重点讨论微生物对气候变化包括温室气体(CO₂,CH₄,N₂O)增加、全球变暖、大气氮沉降等的响应和反馈,并由此提出削减温室气体排放的可能途径和今后发展的方向。     

土壤微生物多样性海拔格局研究进展

生物多样性的海拔分布格局与维持机制是生物多样性与生态系统功能研究的热点领域。相比动植物多样性海拔分布格局,土壤微生物多样性海拔分布格局的研究还处在起步阶段。近年来,随着以罗氏454、Illumina Mi Seq等为代表的高通量测序平台的发展,土壤微生物海拔梯度分布格局的研究进展较快。对土壤微生物多样性海拔分布格局最新研究综述发现,土壤微生物海拔分布模式并不明确,表现为无趋势、下降、单峰或者下凹型等多种海拔分布模式。这与大型动植物并不相同,暗示其驱动机制可能存在一定的差异。微生物由于其个体微小、扩散能力强以及较高的多样性和个体丰度而在局域尺度上可能更易受到气候环境因素的影响。土壤pH、碳、氮等因子是影响微生物多样性和群落组成在海拔梯度上变异的重要因素。此外,温度和降水也具有重要作用。另外,除微生物自身属性以及取样限制外,测序深度可能是影响土壤微生物物种丰富度海拔分布格局的重要因素。目前,对土壤微生物群落的研究在功能基因、群落构建机制以及生态学理论的验证方面还存在着不足。未来的研究应进一步加大测序深度,增加取样密度,着重关注全球气候变化及生物多样性丧失背景下土壤微生物群落的构建和维持机制及其生态系统功能等方面。     

基于BIOLOG技术分析氮沉降和降水对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响

土壤微生物是有机物分解和养分循环的主要介质,因此在维持土壤的功能多样性和持续性方面发挥着关键作用。气候变化驱动因素会影响土壤微生物的生理活动,引起其群落结构和功能多样性的改变,并对生物地球化学循环和气候―生态系统反馈产生连锁效应,其中氮沉降和降水是全球气候变化的研究热点。土壤氮(N)的有效性有可能通过改变微生物的群落组成以调节微生物对降水变化的响应,但目前关于N沉降和降水及其交互作用对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响机制仍不清楚。为了准确预测未来气候条件下生态系统的功能状况,需要更好地了解土壤微生物对环境变化的响应。基于BIOLOG技术综述了氮沉降和降水变化及其交互作用对土壤微生物功能多样性影响的相关研究进展,可以为进一步研究全球气候变化背景下地下生态学的发展提供参考。另外,分析阐述了当前工作中存在的一些主要瓶颈,并对未来的研究热点进行了探讨和展望。     

氮磷添加和栽植密度对大叶相思林土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响

土壤微生物群落是土壤质量潜在的生态指标,在维持生态系统功能和服务中起着关键的作用。采用Biolog-ECO微平板法,探讨氮磷添加与不同栽植密度交互对大叶相思林(Acacia auriculiformis)土壤微生物功能多样性的影响,以便为建立合理的林分密度和氮磷施肥模式,提高土壤质量提供理论参考。以大叶相思林为研究对象,选择氯化铵(NH4Cl)作为氮肥模拟大气氮沉降,用二水合磷酸二氢钠(NaH2PO4·2H2O)进行磷添加。氮磷处理设置4个水平,即CK、施N、施P和施N+P。种植密度设置4个水平,即1667、2500、4444、10000株/hm²(分别以低密度、中密度、较高密度、高密度表示)。研究结果表明,施P显著提高了4个密度大叶相思林土壤微生物的AWCD值、碳源利用丰富度指数、McIntosh指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数,而施N和N+P则相反。随着林分密度的减小,各处理的土壤微生物AWCD值趋于减少。通常低密度林分的土壤微生物的丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、McIntosh指数和Simpson指数较小。     

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exhibits Frequent Recombination, but Only a Limited Association between Genotype and Ecological Setting

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and an important cause of infection, particularly amongst cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. While specific strains capable of patient-to-patient transmission are known, many infections appear to be caused by unique and unrelated strains. There is a need to understand the relationship between strains capable of colonising the CF lung and the broader set of P. aeruginosa isolates found in natural environments. Here we report the results of a multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-based study designed to understand the genetic diversity and population structure of an extensive regional sample of P. aeruginosa isolates from South East Queensland, Australia. The analysis is based on 501 P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from environmental, animal and human (CF and non-CF) sources with particular emphasis on isolates from the Lower Brisbane River and isolates from CF patients obtained from the same geographical region. Overall, MLST identified 274 different sequence types, of which 53 were shared between one or more ecological settings. Our analysis revealed a limited association between genotype and environment and evidence of frequent recombination. We also found that genetic diversity of P. aeruginosa in Queensland, Australia was indistinguishable from that of the global P. aeruginosa population. Several CF strains were encountered frequently in multiple ecological settings; however, the most frequently encountered CF strains were confined to CF patients. Overall, our data confirm a non-clonal epidemic structure and indicate that most CF strains are a random sample of the broader P. aeruginosa population. The increased abundance of some CF strains in different geographical regions is a likely product of chance colonisation events followed by adaptation to the CF lung and horizontal transmission among patients.     

Population density and genetic diversity are positively correlated in wild felids globally

Aim

Insights into the biological and evolutionary traits of species, and their ability to cope with global changes, can be gained by studying genetic diversity within species. A cornerstone hypothesis in evolutionary and conservation biology suggests that genetic diversity decreases with decreasing population size, however, population size is difficult to estimate in threatened species with large distribution ranges, and evidence for this is limited to few species. To address this gap, we tested this hypothesis across multiple closely related species at a global scale using population density which is a more accessible measure.

Location

Global.

Time Period

Contemporary.

Major Taxa Studied

Wild felids in their natural habitats.

Methods

We obtained data from published estimates of population density assessed via camera trap and within-population genetic diversity generated from microsatellite markers on 18 felid species across 41 countries from 354 studies. We propose a novel method to standardize population density estimates and to spatially join data using K-means clustering. Linear mixed-effect modelling was applied to account for confounding factors such as body mass, generation length and sample size used for the genetic estimates.

Results

We found a significant positive correlation between population density and genetic diversity, particularly observed heterozygosity and allelic richness. While the confounding factors did not affect the main results, long generation length and large sample size were significantly associated with high genetic diversity. Body mass had no effect on genetic diversity, likely because large-bodied species were over-represented in our data sets.

Main Conclusions

Our study emphasizes how recent demographic processes shape neutral genetic diversity in threatened and small populations where extinction vortex is a risk. Although caution is needed when interpreting the small population density effect in our findings, our methodological framework shows promising potential to identify which populations require actions to conserve maximal genetic variation.     

紫云英根际微生物碳源利用多样性研究

为探究绿肥根际调控效果的原因,采用碳素利用法-BIOLOG生态版,分析紫云英根际微生物种群结构和功能多样性。结果表明:紫云英根际土壤微生物总活性比非根际高,其主要贡献者是以氨基酸、糖类、酯类和醇类四大碳源为生的微生物,而与以磷酸盐、羧酸和胺类为碳源的微生物关系不大。进一步分析发现:紫云英根际产生了以α-酮丁酸、2-羟基安息香酸、4-羟基安息香酸、D-半乳糖醛酸、α-环式糊精、D-木糖、β-甲基-D-葡萄糖、D-甘露醇和L-精氨酸作为碳源的新微生物种群,完全抑制了以γ-羟基丁酸和苯乙基胺为碳源的微生物种群活性;根泌物抑制了以D-苹果酸、衣康酸和肝糖为碳源的微生物活性,而对以D-化纤二糖、N-乙酰基-D-葡萄胺、丙酮酸甲酯、吐温40、吐温80、L-苯基丙氨酸、L-天门酰胺酸和腐胺为碳源的微生物有促进作用,但对以D-氨基葡糖酸、α-D-乳糖和I-赤藻糖醇为碳源的微生物活性无显著影响;另外,即使是以同一类物质为碳源的微生物种群,在紫云英根际的表现也不完全一样,如以D-乳酸γ-内酯和L-丝氨酸为碳源的可快速培养微生物受到抑制,可慢速培养的微生物活性则有提高,而以甘氨酰基-L-谷氨酸为碳源的微生物的表现正好与之相反。     

干旱区典型盐生植物群落下土壤微生物群落特征

运用Biolog技术,对干旱区玛纳斯河流域扇缘带的6种典型盐生植物群落下土壤微生物群落特征差异性进行了研究,探讨不同植物群落对土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明:不同盐生植物群落土壤平均颜色变化率(AWCD)随培养时间的延长而逐渐增加,大小顺序依次为:梭梭花花柴白刺绢蒿柽柳雾冰藜,且差异显著。不同植物群落土壤微生物对6类碳源利用差异显著(P0.05),其中梭梭群落利用率最高,雾冰藜群落利用率最低。碳水化合物类和氨基酸类是主要碳源,胺类的利用率最低。主成分分析(PCA)表明,在31种因子中提取的2个主成分因子,分别可以解释所有变量方差的41.51%和25.35%,对PC1和PC2起分异作用的主要碳源分别为碳水化合物类和氨基酸类。土壤微生物群落Shannon指数、Simpson指数上,除雾冰藜群落较低,其他群落之间均差异不显著(P0.05)。植物群落Margalef指数,Shannon指数和Simpson指数上,均为绢蒿,梭梭和柽柳群落较为优势。相关性分析表明,植物群落多样性指数与土壤微生物多样性指数呈显著正相关关系(P0.05),说明了植物多样性越丰富,土壤微生物越丰富。总体来说,干旱区不同盐生植物群落对土壤微生物群落多样性具有重要影响。其中,梭梭群落的土壤微生物群落具有较强的微生物总体活性和功能多样性。