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1.
Genetic variation and population structure in Portunus trituberculatus along the coast of China were revealed according to 617 bp of mitochondrial DNA control region. 90 polymorphic sites defined
53 distinct haplotypes, showing a moderately high diversity among 72 individuals sampled from eight localities. Neighbor-joining
tree, statistics analyses of gene flow and genetic differentiation index indicated two populations from Beihai and Laizhou
had differentiated. The population from Yingkou, Dandong, Laizhou and Beihai had smaller genetic diversity compared to that
from Ningbo, Lianyungang, Qingdao and Japan according to the genetic distance. And mantel test showed significant positive
correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance for P.
trituberculatus. TCS parsimony network suggested that all the animals sampled were probably the result of recent divergence from a common
ancestral haplotype but for Laizhou population. Moreover, the haplotype distribution appeared to correlate with a recent colonization
followed by localized genetic differentiation. Mismatch distribution results suggested that Ningbo, Yingkou, Qingdao, Lianyungang
and Japan populations, particularly Dandong population had experienced a sudden demographic or spatial expansion. The Pleistocene
glaciations might contribute to this process. 相似文献
2.
Genetic and morphological structure of tub gurnard Chelidonichthys lucerna populations in Turkish marine waters were investigated with mtDNA sequencing of 16S rRNA and morphological characters. C. lucerna samples were collected from the Black Sea, Marmara, Aegean and northeastern Mediterranean coasts of Turkey. The lowest genetic diversity was found in the northeastern Mediterranean (Iskenderun Bay) population, while the highest was in the Marmara population with overall average value of genetic diversity within populations. A total of 14 haplotypes was found, and the highest haplotype diversity was in the Black Sea whereas the lowest was in the northeastern Mediterranean population (Iskenderun Bay). The Black Sea and Iskenderun Bay populations showed the least genetic divergence (0.001081), while the highest was between the Marmara Sea and northeastern Mediterranean (Antalya Bay) populations (0.002067). Pairwise comparisons of genetic distance revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the Marmara and both the Aegean and northeastern Mediterranean (Antalya Bay) samples. Neighbour joining tree analyses clustered the northeastern Mediterranean populations (Antalya Bay and Iskenderun Bay) as genetically more interrelated populations, whereas the Aegean Sea population was clustered as most isolated one. Discriminant function analysis of morphological characters showed that only the Black Sea population is differentiated from the other populations. 相似文献
3.
Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are designated as critically endangered and wild populations are dramatically declining as a result of habitat destruction, fragmentation, diseases (e.g., Ebola) and the illegal bushmeat trade. As wild populations continue to decline, the genetic management of the North American captive western lowland gorilla population will be an important component of the long‐term conservation of the species. We genotyped 26 individuals from the North American captive gorilla collection at 11 autosomal microsatellite loci in order to compare levels of genetic diversity to wild populations, investigate genetic signatures of a population bottleneck and identify the genetic structure of the captive‐born population. Captive gorillas had significantly higher levels of allelic diversity (t7 = 4.49, P = 0.002) and heterozygosity (t7 = 4.15, P = 0.004) than comparative wild populations, yet the population has lost significant allelic diversity while in captivity when compared to founders (t7 = 2.44, P = 0.04). Analyses suggested no genetic evidence for a population bottleneck of the captive population. Genetic structure results supported the management of North American captive gorillas as a single population. Our results highlight the utility of genetic management approaches for endangered nonhuman primate species. 相似文献
4.
E. J. Chemoiwa R. Abila A. Macdonald J. Lamb E. Njenga J. E. Barasa 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2013,29(6):1225-1233
Approximately 850 bp of the mitochondrial control region was used to assess the genetic diversity, population structure and demographic expansion of the endangered cyprinid Barbus altianalis, a species known to be potamodramous in the Lake Victoria drainage system. The 196 samples taken from the four main rivers draining the Lake Victoria catchment (Nzoia, Yala, Nyando and Sondu–Miriu) yielded 49 mitochondrial DNA haplotypes; 83.7% thereof were private haplotypes restricted to particular rivers. The overall mean haplotype diversity was high (0.93663 ± 0.008) and ranged between 0.566 (Sondu – Miriu) and 0.944 (Nzoia). The overall mean nucleotide diversity was low (0.01322 ± 0.00141), ranging from 0.0342 (Sondu – Miriu) to 0.0267 (Nzoia). Population differentiation tests revealed strong and highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) segregation of populations in the four river basins. FST values among the four river‐based populations ranged from 0.05202 to 0.44352. The samples formed two main haplotype networks based on a 95% parsimony criterion, each exhibiting a strong signature of past population expansion. The smaller network was restricted to the River Nzoia, whereas the larger network contained representatives from all four rivers; within this the central haplotypes were found in more than one river, whereas the peripheral haplotypes tended to be river‐specific. The degree of population differentiation and the number of river‐specific haplotypes are too high to be explained by recent anthropogenic impacts alone and suggest that the species has probably existed in the Lake Victoria catchment as two populations: the now ‘extinct’ migratory population and the extant river restricted non‐migratory populations. 相似文献
5.
Valeria Spagnuolo Stefano Terracciano Simonetta Giordano 《Journal of plant research》2009,122(2):161-170
This paper describes our investigation of genetic variation and clonal structure of the Mediterranean moss Pleurochaete squarrosa (Brid.) Lindb. (Pottiaceae), using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers and trnLUAA (intron of plastid gene for Leu tRNA) sequence, choosing different sampling strategies and scales on 16 European populations.
Moreover, the intercontinental distribution of two trnL haplotypes, previously found over a large area and including 24 populations in three continents, was also investigated.
Despite the prevalent asexual reproduction, P. squarrosa shows a high level of genetic diversity. Some site features seem to affect the clonal structure at the local scale, influencing
the relocation of detached fragments and the level of intermingling, but they do not substantially affect genetic diversity.
The peculiar vegetative reproduction coupled with somatic mutation could partly account for the genetic variation detected.
Genetic distances highlight geographic isolation and limited gene flow among populations. We found only two trnL haplotypes in Europe due to length polymorphism, but, over an intercontinental scale, only non-delete trnL was found in Africa and the USA. ISSR analysis within each population detected a higher genetic distance between the samples
with different trnL haplotypes, suggesting the presence of two different genetic lineages within this species, geographically overlapping in
the Mediterranean Basin. 相似文献
6.
Effect of the Aegean Sea barrier between Europe and Asia on differentiation in Juniperus drupacea (Cupressaceae)
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Karolina Sobierajska Krystyna Boratyńska Anna Jasińska Monika Dering Tolga Ok Bouchra Douaihy Magda Bou Dagher‐Kharrat Ángel Romo Adam Boratyński 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2016,180(3):365-385
Juniperus drupacea is an eastern Mediterranean mountain tree with a disjunct geographical range. We hypothesized that this disjunct occurrence (the Peloponnese in Europe and the Taurus and Lebanon Mountains in Asia) should be reflected in the patterns of genetic and morphological diversity and differentiation. Nuclear microsatellite markers (nSSR) and biometric variables of the cones and seeds were examined on material sampled from four populations in Europe and eight in Asia. The Asian populations were characterized by a higher level of genetic diversity than the European populations. The genetic differentiation among populations was moderate but significant (FST = 0.101, P < 0.001). According to the clustering performed with BAPS, six genetically and geographically groups of populations were found: I and II from the Peloponnese; III from the Taurus Mountains; IV and V from the Anti‐Taurus Mountains; and VI from the Lebanon Mountains. The level of genetic differentiation among these six groups (4.30%, P = 0.012) probably reflects long‐lasting genetic isolation during the Pleistocene, as limited genetic admixture was found. In accordance with genetic analysis, the biometric investigations indicated a high level of morphological divergence between the European and Asian populations of the species, with further differentiation between the populations from the Taurus and Lebanon Mountains. 相似文献
7.
Orou G. Gaoue Maristerra R. Lemes Tamara Ticktin Brice Sinsin Oscar Eyog‐Matig 《Biotropica》2014,46(6):756-762
The level of genetic diversity in a population can affect ecological processes and plant responses to disturbance. In turn, disturbance can alter population genetic diversity and structure. Populations in fragmented and logged habitats often show reduced genetic diversity and increased inbreeding and differentiation. Long‐term harvesting of wild plants (for foliage, bark, and roots), can affect population genetic diversity by altering individual fitness and genetic contribution. Our understanding of these changes in genetic diversity due to the harvesting of plant organs is still limited. We used nine microsatellite markers to study the effect of long‐term bark and foliage harvest by Fulani people on the genetic diversity and structure of 12 populations of African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) in Benin. We sampled 20 individuals in each population to test the effect of harvesting. For each population, we divided the samples equally between seedling and adults to test if the effects are stronger in seedlings. We found moderate genetic diversity (He = 0.53 ± 0.04) and weak but significant differentiation among local populations (FST = 0.043, P < 0.001). There was no significant effect of harvest on genetic diversity or structure, although previous work found significant negative effects of harvest on the reproduction of adults, offspring density, and population fitness. Our results suggest that demographic responses to disturbance precede a detectable genetic response. Future studies should focus on using parentage analysis to test if genotypes of harvested parents are directly represented in the offspring populations. 相似文献
8.
A thorough understanding of the levels and partitioning of genetic variation across populations and geographical regions of endangered species is a prerequisite to ensure effective conservation and/or restoration activities. Here, we examined chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) trnH-psbA intergenic spacer sequences variation within Notopterygium forbesii, an endangered and endemic perennial herb in China. Sequence data obtained from 141 individuals in 14 populations revealed twenty-two haplotypes. A high level of haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.81) and low level of nucleotide diversity (Pi = 0.0047) were detected. Low genetic differentiation among populations and also among regions was consistently indicated by both hierarchical analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) and the structure of a neighbor-joining tree. Low level of population differentiation between populations or between regions in cpDNA sequences may be due to effects of the abundance of ancestral haplotype sharing and the high number of private haplotypes fixed for each population. Based on our results, we proposed some conservation strategies. 相似文献
9.
Populations genetic structure of the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta from China,Korea and Vietnam
The population genetic structure of the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta was investigated between populations collected from China, Korea and Vietnam using cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) mtDNA and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rDNA markers. A total of 622 bp of COI and 495 bp of ITS2 were sequenced. Highly significant Fst values and low rates of migration were observed from populations between Vietnam and China, (Fst = 0.7578, P < 0.001, Nm = 0.05 for COI; Fst = 0.91389, P < 0.001, Nm = 0.07 for ITS2) and Korea (Fst = 0.79783, P < 0.001, Nm = 0.07 for COI; Fst = 0.74143, P < 0.001, Nm = 0.03 for ITS2). However, lower Fst values and higher gene flow were detected between populations from China and Korea (Fst = 0.25733, P < 0.001, Nm = 0.73) based on COI analysis. The similar pattern was also captured by ITS2 rDNA marker. In addition, Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree analysis of the two markers resulted in one cluster consisting of haplotypes from Vietnam, and a second group comprising haplotypes from China and Korea. This research revealed a closer genetic relationship between clam population from China and Korea but less similarity to population from Vietnam. 相似文献
10.
The genetic diversity and population structure of the vulnerable Chinese Egret (Egretta eulophotes) were surveyed in the present study from three archipelagoes that cover the most southerly to the very northerly parts of
the Chinese distribution range of this species, using a 433-bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region (CR). Among 90
individual samples, 31 different haplotypes were defined by 30 polymorphic sites. Overall haplotype diversity, nucleotide
diversity and mean sequence divergence (p-distance) of this egret were 0.920, 0.0088 and 1.11%, respectively. NJ tree and
parsimony network for the CR haplotypes of the Chinese Egret showed little genetic structure, and analysis of molecular variance
indicated low but significant genetic differentiation (haplotype-based ΦST = 0.03267, P < 0.05 and distance-based ΦST = 0.04194, P < 0.05) among populations. The significant Fu’s F
S
tests (Fu’s F
S
= −16.946, P < 0.01) and mismatch distribution analysis (τ = 4.463, SSD = 0.0081, P = 0.12) suggested that the low genetic differentiation and little geographical structure of the genetic differentiation might
be explained by the population expansion. The Mantel test (haplotype-based F
ST, r = 0.639, P = 0.34 and distance-based F
ST, r = 0.947, P = 0.15) suggest that the significant genetic differentiation among populations was likely due to isolation by distance. 相似文献
11.
Ipecac (Psychotria ipecacuanha) is a perennial, medicinal herb that grows in the understory of semi-deciduous tropical forests in the Neotropics. Ipecacs
present a widely disjunct distribution, with two of its three ranges occurring in Brazil. The Amazonian populations are at
least 1600 km from the nearest Atlantic populations. This work used ISSR markers to compare the genetic diversity and structure
of populations from the two Brazilian ranges. Lower genetic diversity in Amazon populations (P = 60.11%, Hs = 0.18) and higher
genetic diversity in Atlantic populations (P = 73.94%, Hs = 0.20) were detected. Differentiation between ranges were high
(θ
B = 0.6838, GST-B = 0.6665). AMOVA revealed that 65.3% of the total molecular variance can be attributed to regional differences between
the two ranges. Principal coordinate analyses and cluster analyses organized ipecacs at either individual or population level
into two exclusive groups that correspond each to one of the two disjunct ranges, without exception. The results do not support
a scenario that postulates human-mediated, long-distance dispersal events as a plausible origin for the distribution of the
Brazilian ipecacs, but indicate geographic isolation as a long-standing barrier to genetic exchange and connectivity among
populations from different ranges. Conservation implications are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Mamuris Z Stamatis C Moutou KA Apostolidis AP Triantaphyllidis C 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2001,3(3):264-274
The genetic differentiation of striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) and red mullet (Mullus barbatus) was investigated in 6 Mediterranean populations of each species by means of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis
of mitochondrial DNA. Three segments amplified by polymerase chain reaction (control region, COI, and 12S–16S ribosomal RNA)
were digested with 20 restriction endonucleases, revealing 71 haplotypes for M. surmuletus and 30 for M. barbatus. For the two species nucleotide diversity was equally distributed within and among populations, leading to N
ST values of 0.545 and 0.500 for M. surmuletus and M. barbatus, respectively. However, intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic structuring appeared to be much higher for M. surmuletus than for M. barbatus (1.88% vs. 0.46% of mean intrapopulation nucleotide diversity; 1.94% vs. 0.47% of mean interpopulation nucleotide diversity;
0.055% vs. 0.002% of net interpopulation divergence). Furthermore, 81.69% of the haplotypes observed for M. surmuletus were unique, whereas 70.29% of M. barbatus individuals were grouped in 3 common haplotypes. Given that fishing pressure and population sizes are similar for both species,
this differentiation could be attributed to differences in biological parameters and life histories between the two species,
coupled with oceanographic conditions prevailing in the studied area.
Received July 25, 2000; accepted December 29, 2000 相似文献
13.
Mandal A Mohindra V Singh RK Punia P Singh AK Lal KK 《Molecular biology reports》2012,39(2):1765-1775
Genetic variation at mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) and D-loop region reveals the evidence of population sub-structuring in Indian populations of highly endangered primitive
feather-back fish Chitala chitala. Samples collected through commercial catches from eight riverine populations from different geographical locations of India
were analyzed for cyt b region (307 bp) and D-loop region (636–716 bp). The sequences of the both the mitochondrial regions revealed high haplotype
diversity and low nucleotide diversity. The patterns of genetic diversity, haplotypes networks clearly indicated two distinct
mitochondrial lineages and mismatch distribution strongly suggest a historical influence on the genetic structure of C. chitala populations. The baseline information on genetic variation and the evidence of population sub-structuring generated from
this study would be useful for planning effective strategies for conservation and rehabilitation of this highly endangered
species. 相似文献
14.
Dai-Chang Kuo Chia-Chia Lin Kuo-Chieh Ho Yu-Pin Cheng Shih-Ying Hwang Tsan-Piao Lin 《Conservation Genetics》2010,11(3):803-812
Cinnamomum kanehirae Hayata (Lauraceae), the most valuable subtropical and temperate broadleaf timber tree in Taiwan, is rapidly disappearing
from the wild. Taking advantage of a scion garden established by the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, we examined patterns
of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variations in 19 populations including 94 individuals. By sequencing two cpDNA fragments using
universal primers (the trnL-trnF and petG-trnP intergenic spacers), we found eight polymorphic sites, six haplotypes, and extremely low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.00016) from 792 bp aligned sequences. The ancestral haplotype is widely distributed. Among the populations studied, three
separated populations, at Yungfeng, Fuli, and Tahu have high nucleotide diversity. No phylogeographical structures of haplotypes
were revealed because the tests of N
ST−G
ST for populations did not differ from zero in any situations; a ‘star-like’ genealogy is characteristic when all haplotypes
rapidly coalesce and is a general outcome of population expansion. The neutrality test also suggested demographic expansion.
The genetic divergence and diversity analyses suggested that two potential refugia existed during the last glaciation with
a major one located in southeastern Taiwan and a minor one located in Tahu in north-central Taiwan in the Hsuehshan Range,
west of the Central Mountain Range. 相似文献
15.
Maria Habib W. S. Lakra Vindhya Mohindra Praveen Khare A. S. Barman Akanksha Singh Kuldeep K. Lal Peyush Punia Asif A. Khan 《Molecular biology reports》2011,38(2):841-846
Channa marulius (Hamilton, 1822) is a commercially important freshwater fish and a potential candidate species for aquaculture. The present
study evaluated partial Cytochrome b gene sequence of mtDNA for determining the genetic variation in wild populations of C. marulius. Genomic DNA extracted from C. marulius samples (n = 23) belonging to 3 distant rivers; Mahanadi, Teesta and Yamuna was analyzed. Sequencing of 307 bp Cytochrome b mtDNA fragment
revealed the presence of 5 haplotypes with haplotype diversity value of 0.763 and nucleotide diversity value of 0.0128. Single
population specific haplotype was observed in Mahanadi and Yamuna samples and 3 haplotypes in Teesta samples. The analysis
of data demonstrated the suitability of partial Cytochrome b sequence in determining the genetic diversity in C. marulius population. 相似文献
16.
Meher A. Ony Marcin Nowicki Sarah L. Boggess William E. Klingeman John M. Zobel Robert N. Trigiano Denita Hadziabdic 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(8):3655-3670
Forest fragmentation may negatively affect plants through reduced genetic diversity and increased population structure due to habitat isolation, decreased population size, and disturbance of pollen‐seed dispersal mechanisms. However, in the case of tree species, effective pollen‐seed dispersal, mating system, and ecological dynamics may help the species overcome the negative effect of forest fragmentation. A fine‐scale population genetics study can shed light on the postfragmentation genetic diversity and structure of a species. Here, we present the genetic diversity and population structure of Cercis canadensis L. (eastern redbud) wild populations on a fine scale within fragmented areas centered around the borders of Georgia–Tennessee, USA. We hypothesized high genetic diversity among the collections of C. canadensis distributed across smaller geographical ranges. Fifteen microsatellite loci were used to genotype 172 individuals from 18 unmanaged and naturally occurring collection sites. Our results indicated presence of population structure, overall high genetic diversity (HE = 0.63, HO = 0.34), and moderate genetic differentiation (FST = 0.14) among the collection sites. Two major genetic clusters within the smaller geographical distribution were revealed by STRUCTURE. Our data suggest that native C. canadensis populations in the fragmented area around the Georgia–Tennessee border were able to maintain high levels of genetic diversity, despite the presence of considerable spatial genetic structure. As habitat isolation may negatively affect gene flow of outcrossing species across time, consequences of habitat fragmentation should be regularly monitored for this and other forest species. This study also has important implications for habitat management efforts and future breeding programs. 相似文献
17.
Aslı Ozdilek Burcu Cengel Gaye Kandemir Yasemin Tayanc Ercan Velioglu Zeki Kaya 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2012,298(2):337-349
The genetic diversity and evolutionary divergence in Liquidambar species and Liquidambar orientalis varieties were compared with respect to the matK gene. A total of 66 genotypes from 18 different populations were sampled in southwestern Turkey. The matK region, which is about 1,512 bp in length, was sequenced and studied. L. orientalis, L. styraciflua, and L. formosana had similar magnitude of nucleotide diversity, while L. styraciflua and L. acalycina possessed higher evolutionary divergence. The highest evolutionary divergence was found between L. styraciflua and eastern Asian Liquidambar species (0.0102). However, the evolutionary divergence between L. orientalis and other species was of a similar magnitude. The maximum-parsimony phylogenetic tree showed that L. styraciflua and L. orientalis formed a closer clade while East Asian species were in a separate clade. This suggests that the North Atlantic Land Bridge
through southern Greenland may have facilitated continuous distribution of Liquidambar species from southeastern Europe to eastern North America in early Tertiary period. The maximum-parsimony tree with only
18 Oriental sweetgum populations indicated that there were two main clusters: one with mainly L. orientalis var. integriloba and the other with var. orientalis and undetermined populations. High nucleotide diversity (0.0028) and divergence (0.00072) were found in L. orientalis var. integriloba populations and Muğla-1 geographical region. This region could be considered as the major refugium and genetic diversity
center for the species. The low genetic diversity and divergence at intraspecies level suggest that L. orientalis populations in Turkey share an ancestral polymorphism from which two varieties may have evolved. 相似文献
18.
In this study, genetic diversity and population genetic structure of flathead grey mullet, Mugil cephalus, among four China Sea populations were investigated by COI sequences. All the populations studied had high values of haplotype and nucleotide diversity, except for the Yellow Sea population. In the phylogenetic tree, these haplotypes clustered in two groups, one for the populations from the Bohai and East China seas, and the other from the Yellow and South China seas. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that the northern populations (Bohai and East China) had lower genetic divergence (0.0725, P > 0.05) than that of the southern population (South China) (0.4530-0.6827, P < 0.001), suggesting that two distinct genetic groups exist in Chinese waters. Tests of neutral evolution and mismatch distribution indicated that no historical demographic expansion occurred in these populations. The results provide new information for genetic assessment, fishery management, and conservation of this species. 相似文献
19.
The genetic variation and structure of Leucomeris decora, an endangered species in China were investigated. Analyses of three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions (the rpl16 intron, trnQ-5′rps16 intergenic spacer and rpl32-trnL intergenic spacer) and one nuclear gene (GAPDH: encoding glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) were conducted on 11 L. decora populations. Low levels of cpDNA genetic diversity were found in this species and within populations, with the identification
of 2 haplotypes in a total of 2,745 bp, while the level of genetic diversity revealed by the nuclear gene GAPDH was relatively high, indicating that random losses of genetic polymorphisms from populations may have occurred recently.
High levels of genetic differentiation among populations for both markers were detected in L. decora, which could be a consequence of the limited gene flow caused by geographic isolation among populations. An analysis of molecular
variance revealed at the nuclear locus suggested the presence of geographic structure within the haplotype distribution possibly
due to geographical barriers among populations. The haplotype network and mismatch distribution analyses did not detect the
signal for a recent population expansion in L. decora. L. decora may persist in situ during climatic oscillations. Based on the genetic diversity and uniqueness of the populations, conservation
strategies are discussed for this endangered species. 相似文献
20.
With its vast territory and complex natural environment, China boasts rich cattle genetic resources. To gain the further insight into the genetic diversity and paternal origins of Chinese cattle, we analyzed the polymorphism of Y‐SNPs (UTY19 and ZFY10) and Y‐STRs (INRA189 and BM861) in 34 Chinese cattle breeds/populations, including 606 males representative of 24 cattle breeds/populations collected in this study as well as previously published data for 302 bulls. Combined genotypic data identified 14 Y‐chromosome haplotypes that represented three haplogroups. Y2‐104‐158 and Y2‐102‐158 were the most common taurine haplotypes detected mainly in northern and central China, whereas the indicine haplotype Y3‐88‐156 predominates in southern China. Haplotypes Y2‐108‐158, Y2‐110‐158, Y2‐112‐158 and Y3‐92‐156 were private to Chinese cattle. The population structure revealed by multidimensional scaling analysis differentiated Tibetan cattle from the other three groups of cattle. Analysis of molecular variance showed that the majority of the genetic variation was explained by the genetic differences among groups. Overall, our study indicates that Chinese cattle retain high paternal diversity (H = 0.607 ± 0.016) and probably much of the original lineages that derived from the domestication center in the Near East without strong admixture from commercial cattle carrying Y1 haplotypes. 相似文献