The genus Rhanterium (Asteraceae: Inuleae)

WIKLUND, A., 1986. The genus Rhanterium (Aateraceae: Inuleae) . This revision of the genus Rhanterium Desf. of the /nu/a-group in the Asteraceae: Inuleae, subtribe Inulinae, is based on studies of herbarium material. The genus is distributed over western North Africa, the Arabian peninsula, Iraq and Iran. Three species are recognized: R. adpressum Coss. & Durieu, R. epapposum Oliver and R. suaveolens Desf. A fourth previously accepted species, R. intermedium Coss. & Durieu ex Pomel, is here considered to be composed of hybrids between R. adpressum and R. suaveolens. A laxonomical recognition of these hybrids is not found to be justified. The morphology, phylogeny and phytogeography of the species are discussed and a cladogram of the genus is proposed.     

Nothobartsia,a new genus ofScrophulariaceae from southwest Europe

Recent systematic studies ofBartsia andOdontites showed the necessity to exclude the closely related perennial speciesBartsia aspera (Portugal and northern Morocco) andBartsia spicata (Central Pyrenees) from the genusBartsia as a segregate genus namedNothobartsia. Morphologically this new genus combines characteristic features ofBartsia and ofOdontites. Its autonomous systematic position is supported by the cladistic analysis, showing thatNothobartsia represents a relatively primitive genus standing close to the common ancestral root ofBartsia, Euphrasia, andOdontites.     

The genus Cyclops (Copepoda,Cyclopoida) in Europe

Although copepods of the genus Cyclops are among the most common and dominant plankton taxa of lakes in the northern temperate zone, their taxonomy is still unclear. We analysed an extensive array of Cyclops populations from Europe by means of molecular methods and evaluated morphological characters. Altogether, 68 populations of Cyclops species were sampled, assigned to morphospecies and sequenced for the 12S rRNA gene. Selected populations of each morphospecies were additionally sequenced for three mitochondrial (16S rRNA, cytochrome b, COI) and two nuclear genes (18S rRNA, ITS1) and analysed for micromorphological traits. Our analysis revealed fifteen lineages that can be regarded as separate species. Thirteen of these match currently accepted species, while the remaining two lineages were distinct from the other described species. Thus, their taxonomic status is open to further studies. Besides taxonomy, our study gives new insights into the ecology, distribution and phylogenetic relationships of these species. Finally, a set of morphological traits was selected to facilitate identification.     

Petrodavisia,a new genus inCentaureinae (Asteraceae)

A new monotypic genus based onPtosimopappus bracteatus Boiss. =Centaurea ptosimopappa Hayek is described. The history of its classification and relationships toCheirolophus Cass. andMicrolophus Cass. are discussed.     

Nuclear DNA content variation among perennial taxa of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae) in Central Europe and adjacent areas

The genome size of 265 plants and the GC content of 126 plants from 63 populations of the Cyanus triumfetti and Cyanus montanus groups, collected across the Carpathians, Pannonia, Bohemian Massif, and Western and Dinaric Alps were determined by PI and DAPI flow cytometry. Variation of the nuclear DNA content among homoploid species, and intraspecific and interpopulation variation were confirmed in simultaneous analyses. The 2C-value at the diploid level (the C. triumfetti group) varied from 2.53 for Cyanus dominii subsp. sokolensis to 3.06?pg for C. triumfetti s.s. (1.21-fold range). At the tetraploid level (the C. montanus group), the 2C-value varied from 5.19 for Cyanus mollis to 5.84?pg for C. montanus (1.13-fold range). High intraspecific and interpopulation variation in the amount of nuclear DNA in the C. triumfetti group correlates with the extensive morphological variation found in this group. Significant between-species differences in genome size indicate that this attribute may be used as a supportive taxonomic marker for both of the groups studied. The GC content varied by 2.93?%, from 39.46?% for “Cyanus axillaris” to 40.61?% for Cyanus adscendens; this character is of no value for taxonomic purposes. Genome size of the studied populations is significantly higher in southern parts of the distribution area and at higher elevations. Plants with smaller genomes tend to occur in dry areas at low altitudes with high diurnal and annual temperature oscillations. The GC content of the populations studied is significantly correlated with longitude, increasing from east to west; and plants with GC-rich genomes are concentrated in the coldest areas with low minimum temperatures.     

A systematic study of the genus hulsea (Asteraceae)

A systematic treatment based on genetic, biochemical, and morphological studies is presented for the 11 recognized taxa ofHulsea. A uniform diploid complement of 38 chromosomes was found in the 37 populations examined, including all species and representing first reports forH. brevifolia, H. californica, andH. mexicana. Thirteen flavonoid compounds, based on the aglycones quercetin, apigenin, cyanidin, and the 4′-O-methyl ether of luteolin, were detected inHulsea. Patterns of the flavonoid compounds are discussed with respect to the systematic treatment. The results of 595 synthetic crosses indicate thatHulsea species are self-incompatible, relatively cross-compatible, and that their F₁ hybrids are relatively fertile. Heterozygosity for one or two translocations is reported for 11 interspecific and intersubspecific hybrid combinations.     

Revision of the genus Clibadium (Asteraceae, Heliantheae)

Clibadium L. (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) is a genus of 29 species distributed throughout latin America, from Mexico to Peru, and in the West Indies, with high numbers of species in Costa Rica, Colombia, and Ecuador.Clibadium includes shrubs and small trees; usually with loosely aggregated capitula; herbaceous phyllaries arranged in 1–5 series; receptacles usually paleaceous throughout; corollas of pistillate florets 2–4-lobed; corollas of the staminate florets 4–5-lobed; purple to black anthers; and chromosome numbers alln=16. Two sections of species previously recognized are here considered as subgenera (subg.Paleata and subg.Clibadium) containing two and four sections, respectively.Clibadium subg.Paleata contains five species distributed in sects.Eggersia (3 spp.) andTrixidium (2 spp.), and subg.Clibadium has 24 species distributed among sects.Clibadium (6 spp.),Glomerata (9 spp.),Grandifolia (5 spp.), andOswalda (4 spp.).     

New chromosome counts in the genus Centaurea (Asteraceae) from Turkey

Twenty‐two chromosome counts are reported in 16 species, four subspecies and two varieties of the genus Centaurea. These are mostly Turkish local endemics of section Cheirolepis, a complicated group from the Eastern clade of the Jacea group. Twenty‐one reports are new. Prevalence of the basic chromosome number x = 9 among the eastern sections of the Jacea group is confirmed. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159 , 280–286.     

New chromosome counts in the genus Cousinia (Asteraceae) from Iran

Chromosome counts are reported of 38 populations representing 24 species of the genus Cousinia from Iran, one of the main centres of speciation of the genus. Sixteen of the counts are new to science. Our results confirm that Cousinia exhibits a complex dysploid series ranging from x  = 13 to x  = 9. One of the basic chromosome numbers, x  = 9, is new for the genus and must be confirmed. Some considerations on the correlation between chromosome numbers and section classification are made.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 151 , 411–419.     

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the antipodean genus Brachyglottis (Asteraceae)

The phylogeny of the genus Brachyglottis suggests that its constituent species should contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Consistent with this hypothesis, and the established occurrence of such alkaloids in Brachyglottis repanda, Brachyglottis kirkii, and Brachyglottis hectori, an investigation of Brachyglottis adamsii revealed the presence of senecionine and retrorsine; Brachyglottis huntii was found to contain senkirkine and retrorsine; 7-O-angelylheliotridine was the predominant alkaloid in Brachyglottis perdicioides, and the same alkaloid together with senecionine, senkirkine and intergerrimine was present in the Brachyglottis hectori × B. perdicioides “Alfred Atkinson” horticultural hybrid; Brachyglottis sciadophila contained clivorine and neopetasitenine (acetylfukinotoxin); the latter alkaloid was also present in B. kirkii together with the previously reported senkirkine and senkirkine 12-acetate.     

An outline of the genus Geigeria (Asteraceae, Inuleae)

We present a synopsis of the genus Geigeria (Inuleae, Asteraceae). Particular attention is paid to the taxonomic characterization and phylogenetic relationships of the genus, to possible supraspecific groupings, and to the delimitation of taxa, especially at the infraspecific level. Until recently 25 species, 20 subspecies, and 7 varieties have been recognized. In this study we recognize only 20 species, 12 subspecies, and 7 varieties. We describe a new subspecies and variety, and propose 5 new nomenclatural combinations.     

New chromosome counts in the genus Cousinia and the related genus Schmalhausenia (Asteraceae, Cardueae)

Twenty chromosome counts are reported in the genus Cousinia and the monotypic genus Schmalhausenia , which are part of the Arctium group, from Armenia, Iran, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Twelve are new and eight provide confirmation of scarce or disputable previous data. The correlation between karyological data, pollen type and molecular phylogeny is very close, and on this basis two main groups can be defined. One is the arctioid group, which comprises the genera Arctium and Schmalhausenia , and a small part of the genus Cousinia , with x  = 18. The other is the genus Cousinia s.s. , with a dysploid series ranging from x  = 13–11. Some considerations on the chromosomal evolution in the group are made.  © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Socety , 2003, 143 , 411–418.     

Typifications of Linnaean names in the genus Centaurea and Serratula (Asteraceae)

The typification of three Linnaean names in the genus Centaurea and one in Serratula (Asteraceae): C. lippii (syn. Volutaria lippii), C. muricata (Volutaria muricata), C. repens (Rhaponticum repens) and S. babylonica (Centaurea babylonica), is discussed. Designations of nomenclatural types based on the consultation of Linnaeus's original material and the literature cited in the respective protologues are proposed. Three names are lectotypified using specimens from both Linnaeus herbarium at LINN and the illustrations from Isnard and Dodoëns. Furthermore, a neotype is designated for Serratula babylonica from a specimen at LINN.     

Two new species of the genus Dicoma (Asteraceae) from Somalia

Two new species, Dicoma gillettii and Dicoma scoparia (Asteraceae), both from Somalia, are described and illustrated. The differences between the new species and related taxa are listed.