复方蛾公口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响

本文论述了复方蛾公口服液对小鼠溶血空斑、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能及Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率的影响．充分证明了复方蛾公口服液对小鼠免疫功能有明显增强作用。     

复方黄芪口服液对放射小鼠细胞周期及免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨复方黄芪口服液对放射小鼠细胞周期及免疫功能的影响,方法：应用流式细胞仪（FCM）检测脾脏细胞周期和免疫参数（NK,CD4＋,CD8＋）,结果：该复方中药能使受照小鼠脾细胞S,G2＋M期的比例升高,促进脾细胞增殖,并能提高NK细胞活性和CD4＋百分率及CD4＋／CD8＋比值,结论：复方黄芪口服液对辐射损伤细胞具有定的保护作用。     

复方五味子提取物对力竭游泳大鼠的抗疲劳作用

五味子、黄芪、丹参、枸杞和马齿苋均具有较好的抗氧化活性和抗疲劳功效。然而,尚不清楚该5种中药材组合的应用效果。本研究将这5种植物药材进行混合提取,得到了复方五味子提取物。然后考察了不同剂量的复方五味子提取物对力竭游泳大鼠的运动能力和生化指标的影响。研究显示,复方五味子提取物以剂量依赖性方式提高大鼠的力竭游泳时间(p<0.05)。复方五味子提取物以剂量依赖性方式降低血清Lac和BUN水平并升高NEFA水平(p<0.05)。复方五味子提取物显著升高大鼠体内SOD和CAT水平,并显著降低MDA水平(p<0.05)。复方五味子提取物显著降低大鼠血清CK、AST和ALT水平(p<0.05),并减弱骨骼肌组织病变程度。本研究表明,复方五味子提取物具有较好的抗疲劳作用,可通过减少乳酸堆积、增加脂肪动员、减弱氧化应激损伤来提高机体运动能力。     

鲜猴头菌口服液益智保健功效初步研究

初步评估了鲜猴头菌口服液的益智保健功效以及对糖尿病及其相关症状的改善作用。在研究中,首先采用急性毒性实验检测鲜猴头菌口服液饮用的安全性;然后,采取小鼠跳台和避暗实验以及迟发型变态反应初步分析了鲜猴头菌口服液对正常小鼠的学习和记忆能力以及对由Cy诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的细胞免疫应答能力的影响;同时,又以STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠作为模型,测定了鲜猴头菌口服液对糖尿病典型症状的改善作用。结果显示,鲜猴头菌口服液的LD50＞27.2mL/kg;在跳台和避暗2个实验中,与空白对照组相比较,猴头低、中、高3个剂量组小鼠的潜伏期明显缩短,且5min错误次数明显减少;在迟发型变态反应中,与阴性对照组相比较,猴头组小鼠的左后足趾肿胀度极显著增强;此外,鲜猴头菌口服液还对由STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠的精神状态和体重均有改善作用,而与正常组相比较,口服液对糖尿病大鼠的血常规指标影响不明显。这表明,鲜猴头菌口服液为安全物质,它能显著的提高小鼠的记忆和学习能力,能极显著的提高免疫抑制小鼠的细胞免疫应答水平,还能对由糖尿病引起的体重下降有改善作用,同时不会引起副作用。     

复方南瓜口服液对小鼠血糖,血脂影响的实验研究

复方南瓜(Cucurbita moschata)口服液对正常小鼠无降血糖作用,但能显著降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖值;显著降低正常小鼠总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG);显著降低高胆固醇血症小鼠血清TC,同时显著升高其高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及其亚组分Ⅱ(HDL_2-C)水平,亚组分Ⅲ(HDL_3-C)无显著变化。     

五味子甲素对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠血液流变性及凝血功能的影响

目的:考察五味子甲素对溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)小鼠血液流变性及凝血功能的影响。方法:以三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)灌肠制备溃疡性结肠炎小鼠模型,UC小鼠随机分为模型组、阳性对照组及五味子甲素高、中、低剂量组(80,40,20mg/kg),同时设立正常对照组,每组10只。灌胃给药,正常组、模型组分别给予等体积蒸馏水,阳性对照组给予500 mg/kg柳氮磺吡啶(SASP),连续给药14 d。观察五味子甲素对UC小鼠全血黏度及凝血功能的影响。结果:与UC模型组小鼠比较,五味子甲素可显著降低UC小鼠全血黏度(P0.05),延长出血时间(bleeding time,BT)(P0.01)及凝血时间(clotting time,CT)(P0.05),其中甲素高剂量组作用最强,与SASP阳性对照组相当,并呈剂量依赖性。结论:五味子甲素可改善UC小鼠血液流变性及凝血功能,此作用有利于UC溃疡黏膜的修复与疾病的治疗。     

无瓣海桑果实提取物对衰老小鼠学习 记忆能力的影响及其机制研究

无瓣海桑果实为真红树无瓣海桑的果实。研究无瓣海桑果实不同提取物对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠学习记忆能力影响及其作用机制。采用Morris水迷宫实验测量无瓣海桑果实不同提取物对小鼠的学习记忆能力影响,HE染色观察各组小鼠脑部神经细胞的变化情况,并测定脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、一氧化氮(NO)含量和单胺氧化酶(MAO)活力。结果表明:与模型组相比,无瓣海桑果实不同提取物处理组小鼠在水迷宫实验中逃避潜伏期明显缩短(P0.05),目标象限停留时间明显增加(P0.05)。无瓣海桑果实不同提取物处理组小鼠脑部神经细胞损伤与模型组相比明显减少,小鼠脑部SOD酶活力和GSH-Px酶活力提高(P0.05),NO含量和MAO活力在脑部显著降低(P0.05)。无瓣海桑果实不同提取物对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠学习记忆能力有改善作用,无瓣海桑果实不同提取物通过提高小鼠脑内源抗氧化酶(SOD、GSH-Px)活力,降低脑部NO含量和MAO活力来提高D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的学习记忆能力。     

复方蛾公口服液雄性激素样作用研究

复方蛾公口服液通过鸡冠试验、大鼠性器官试验、、去势家兔的试验、阳虚小鼠的试验,证实其具有雄性激素样作用。     

红楝子提取物对小鼠记忆和耐力的影响

目的:研究红楝子提取物对小鼠耐力、记忆能力的影响并寻找它们的最高活性部分。方法:采用转棒仪和避暗仪分别测试小鼠的耐力、记忆能力。研究红楝子的乙醇提取物、石油醚提取物、氯仿提取物和水提取物对小鼠的耐力、记忆能力的活性,找出其活性最高的部分。结果:1、红楝子粗提物对小鼠耐力有降低作用,在红楝子提取物的不同溶剂萃取部分中,石油醚萃取部分对小鼠耐力影响最大,应为其对降低小鼠耐力活性部位。2、红楝子氯仿提取物有明显的提高小鼠记忆能力的作用,为活性最高的部分。     

脑益康对D-半乳糖和亚硝酸钠所致Alzheimer病小鼠模型的保护作用

目的:探讨脑益康(中药)对D-半乳糖(D-gal)和亚硝酸钠(NaNO2)所致阿尔茨海默病(AD)小鼠模型的保护作用.方法:采用D-gal和NaNO2腹腔注射建立AD小鼠模型.应用迷宫刺激器检测小鼠学习记忆能力,生化方法检测小鼠脑组织一氧化氮(NO)含量和单胺氧化酶-B(MAO-B)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、Na -K -ATP酶及Ca2 -ATP酶活性; RT-PCR检测凋亡调控基因Bax、Bcl-2 mRNA表达情况.结果:脑益康(中药)能改善小鼠学习记忆能力,降低AD小鼠脑组织MAO-B活性,升高Na -K -ATP酶和Ca2 -ATP酶活性,抑制Bax mRNA的表达,上调Bcl-2 mRNA的表达.结论:脑益康(中药)对AD小鼠有一定保护作用,其机制可能与降低脑组织MAO-B活性,提高脑组织Na -K -ATP酶和Ca2 -ATP酶活性,调节Bcl-2 mRNA和Bax mRNA的表达,发挥抗氧化作用,减轻神经细胞损伤有关.     

A compound isolated from Schisandra chinensis induces apoptosis

Schizandra chinensis has been known to have five predominant tastes: salty, sweet, sour, astringent, and bitter. It has also been shown to have various effects on the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal system, anti-inflammatory, central nervous system, endocrine system, and stress protect. However, its anti-cancer activity on colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells has not been yet been examined. Thus, in this study, we attempted to isolate a compound from Schisandra chinensis that induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cells. An active compound was found and identified to be Gomisin A. It displayed apoptotic activity through caspase-7 cleavage in colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells. In addition, we further assessed the effects of this compound using long-term survival clonogenic assay with HCT116 cells.     

Effects of heavy physical exercise and adaptogens on nitric oxide content in human saliva.

Since heavy physical exercise increases the content of nitric oxide and cortisol in blood and saliva, standardized extracts of the adaptogen herbal drugs Schizandra chinensis and Bryonia alba roots were applied to several groups of athletes in a placebo controlled double blind study. In the beginning of a test with athletes Schizandra chinensis and Bryonia alba extracts increased the concentration of NO and cortisol in blood plasma and saliva similar to athletes with heavy physical exercise. These results correlate with an increased physical performance in athletes taking adaptogens versus athletes taking placebo. In contrast after treatment with the adaptogen heavy physical exercise does not increase salivary NO and cortisol in athletes, whereas athletes treated with placebo heavy physical exercise increased salivary NO. These results show that the salivary NO test can be used both for evaluation of physical loading and stress protective effect of an adaptogen.     

阿胶,五味子,刺五加,枸杞对双歧杆菌生长的影响

本文选用１５种传统抗衰老中药对双歧杆菌进行了体外生长促进实验。结果发现刺五加、五味子、宁夏枸杞子及阿胶对婴儿双歧杆菌有明显的促进作用。     

野生北五味子生物学特性的研究

采用多年全面调查及三年时间定位,定株观测相结合的方法,对野生北五味子生物学特性进行了深入研究。对其开花结实规律;雌雄同株,异株问题,座果率;物候期;种源与质量关系方面均有新发现。     

有机营养液灌溉频次和灌水量对设施甜瓜产量、品质及肥水利用效率的影响

为研究高产优质甜瓜的有机管理模式,以甜瓜为试材,采用基质盆栽方式,设3种有机营养液灌溉频次(施用8次,每次每株750 mL, F₁; 施用12次,每次每株500 mL, F₂; 施用16次,每次每株375 mL, F₃)与2种单株灌水量(果实膨大前按120%日蒸腾蒸发量(ET)灌溉,之后按140%ET灌溉, W₁; 果实膨大前按140%ET灌溉,之后按160%ET灌溉, W₂),共6个试验处理,随机区组试验设计,研究了不同处理对设施甜瓜光合特性、产量、品质及肥水利用效率的影响.结果表明: 少量多次施用有机营养液可以显著提高甜瓜叶片光合速率,低灌水量显著提高果实产量和水分利用效率;高灌水量和中等有机营养液灌溉频次可使肥料利用率达到最高;少量多次有机营养液施用且相对适宜的水分供给提高了果实品质.回归分析发现,甜瓜果实维生素C含量与有机营养液灌溉频次呈指数函数y=0.214e^0.18x (R²=0.851)相关.综合考虑产量、品质、水分利用效率等因素,F₃W₁处理可在保证产量的前提下,提高果实品质,且水分利用效率最大,可以实现设施有机甜瓜肥水高效管理.     

Water relations of the tomato during fruit growth

Fruit and stem water potentials of tomato plants were measured continuously for several days using automated psychrometers. A linear voltage displacement transducer was used to simultaneously measure diameter changes on an adjacent fruit. A strong correlation was observed between the water potential gradient of the fruit and stem, and changes in fruit diameter. Fruit diameter increased when the apoplasmic water potential gradient favoured solution flow into the fruit and fruit shrinkage occurred only when the water potential gradient was inverted. Based on our data and other published data (Ehret & Ho 1986; Lee 1989a) on phloem transport in tomato, we have concluded that low stem water potentials have an immediate and direct effect on phloem turgor; reducing the driving force for sap flow into the fruit. Since fruit water potential remained relatively constant, the diurnal variation in stem water potential was sufficient to account for the correlation with changes in fruit diameter. There are consequences with respect to predicting the accumulation of dry matter in tomato fruit.     

Effect of the extraction methods and drug form components on the determination of gramicidin C in buccal tablets

The effect of solvents, extraction procedures and separate components of the troche mass on the results of biological activity determination of gramicidin S with the agar-diffusion method was studied. It was found that irrespective of the solvent and the number of extractions only 76--81 per cent of the antibiotic were determined in the troches. Fruit essence and sugar had a significant effect on the results of gramicidin S biological activity determination as compared to the other components of the dosage form. When accessory substances included in the troches were added to the standard solution, the values of their biological activity were close to the calculated ones.     

Impact of nitric oxide on shelf life and quality of nectarine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus persica</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">nucipersica</Emphasis>)

Nectarine is an emerging fruit crop in India which has immense nutritional quality and fairly good amount of antioxidants. In India, peach orchards are being replaced by nectarine primarily because of fuzzless peel. However, shelf life of nectarine is lean due to its climacteric behaviour. Hence, we attempted to observe the effect of nitric oxide (NO), using its donor compound, namely sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on postharvest life and quality of ‘Silver Queen’ nectarine fruit. In this study, fruit of ‘Silver Queen’ nectarine were treated with various concentrations of SNP (0.25 mM, 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 1.5 mM) after harvesting at climacteric stage of maturity. Fruit were stored at ambient condition for further analysis on daily basis, after air drying at room temperature. Our results revealed that among the various concentrations of SNP, 0.5 mM was found to be best in reducing physiological loss in weight (PLW), maintaining firmness and retaining higher phenolics, antioxidant activity, exhibiting slower increase in lipoxygenase (LOX) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and better quality fruit up to 8 days than 4 days of untreated fruit. Hence, postharvest dip of ‘Silver Queen’ nectarine fruit in 0.5 mM solution of SNP could be recommended for enhancing the shelf life by 4 days.     

Nutrient availability effects on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) seedlings and transplants

Pepper (Capsicum annuum) seeds were sown in nutrient-poor sand or nutrient-rich peat/vermiculite amended or not amended with Glomus macrocarpum. The vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) seedlings were irrigated with three levels of nutrient solution, and transplanted into four levels of P-amended soil, each of which was irrigated with two levels of nutrient solution minus P. Mycorrhizal seedlings in sand were responsive to increasing nutrient levels; in nutrient-rich peat the seedlings did not respond to additional fertilisation. The greatest seedling development accompanied by good fungus colonisation was in nutrient-poor medium irrigated with the highest nutrient solution tested (18 mM N, 1.2 mM P, and 7 mM K). Non-VAM plants almost ceased growing between the weeks 4 and 5, whereas VAM plants increased in weight by 41–188%. After transplanting, sand-grown seedlings benefited from VAM when 300 mg P/kg or more was added to the soil but peat-grown plants did not. Fruit development was delayed in all non-VAM plants compared with VAM ones.     

Bioavailability of organic compounds solubilized in nonionic surfactant micelles

Whether direct availability of organic compound solubilized in nonionic surfactant micelles (bioavailability) in a bioremediation or biotransformation process is uncertain to some extent, which is partially attributed to the difficulty by direct experimental determination. In another point of view, it should be ascribed to the fuzzy concept about the solubilization of organic compound in a nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution. In this mini-review, the solubilization of organic compound in surfactant micelles aqueous solution is fully discussed; especially saturated solubilization and unsaturated solubilization have been emphasized. Then the current methods for estimation of bioavailability of organic compounds solubilized in micelles are introduced, in which the possible drawbacks of each method are stressed. Finally, the conclusion that organic compound solubilized in micelles is unavailable directly by microbes has been drawn and the intensification of bioremediation or biotransformation by nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution is contributed to enhancement of the hydrophobic organic compounds dissolution.