早熟禾品种间遗传多样性分析

草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis L.）是一种重要的冷季型草坪草,抗逆性强,适应性广,株型低矮,绿色期长,并且在良好的管理条件下,特别适合用作运动场草坪。近几年来在我国的园林绿化和建植运动场中得到了广泛的应用,现在已经引进的品种多达上百种。选用28个随机引物对15个草地早熟禾品种和1个加拿大早熟禾品种进行RAPD分析,25个引物共扩增出218条带,多态条带比率为89.91％。并且对每个品种的几项坪用特性进行了观察。聚类分析结果表明草地早熟禾品种之间的遗传多样性较低, 相似性集中在60.76％～98.52％。加拿大早熟禾的一个品种单成一支,与其他草地早熟禾的品种相似性较低。品种之间的聚类关系与表型特征呈现不完全相关性。     

用RAPD标记评估我国棉花品种遗传多样性

利用ＲＡＰＤ标记对１７个不同来源的我国棉花品种（系）进行遗传多样性评估。２００个随机引物扩增出１１３条多态性片段。１７个品种（系）依据染色体组的不同可以分为３大类。它们之间遗传相似性系数从０．２０００到０．８４５１。３个大面积推广品种鄂荆１号,中棉所１２号和苏棉３号遗传基础十分相近。陆地棉与阔叶棉杂交产生的野生种质系７５８１,与其他陆地棉品种（系）遗传差异显著。不同育种单位在育种过程中种质使用具有     

14个板栗品种遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD分子标记手段,研究板栗品种的遗传多样性。采用从100个随机引物筛选的20个引物对14个板栗品种的基因组DNA进行扩增,通过对140条谱带的聚类,分析了供试板栗品种的系统发育;运用特殊谱带,建立了板栗品种的分子检索表,结合扩增的特殊位点,提出了重点保存的板栗品种。     

缢蛏遗传多样性的RAPD分析

用RAPD(Random amplified polymorphic DNA)技术对大连的养殖缢蛏(Sinonovaeula constrict)群体35个个体的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明,14个随机引物,平均每个引物扩增出6条带;共检测到的86个位点,其中多态位点数为43个(占50.0%);个体间遗传距离在0.1503～0.3768之间,平均遗传距离为0.2107;16号和25号缢蛏个体聚类成一大类,另33个缢蛏个体聚成一大类。     

中国啤酒大麦品种RAPD标记的遗传多样性分析

采用RAPD技术对中国38个啤酒大麦品种的遗传资源进行了聚类分析。结果表明：从筛选出的28个有多态性的随机引物中,共扩增出153条谱带,其中91条谱带具有多态性,占59．4％。每个引物可扩增出1～8条多态性谱带,平均3．3条。聚类分析表明,在遗传距离GD值0．27水平上38个啤酒大麦品种可聚成两大类,下分5个亚类。品种间遗传距离GD变幅为0．00952～0．37846。RAPD标记揭示出这38个啤酒大麦品种遗传变异较小,遗传基础比较狭窄。     

桃遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用RAPD技术,利用200个引物筛选的22个10碱基随机引物对桃182个变种,类型,品种进行DNA扩增。对扩增位点上的带型分析,观察到有的引的在某一位点上明显有带的分离,且S65,S459,S167,S60引物在这一位点可以包含一个类群或几个类群全部的供试品种,变种或类型,但各类群都没有各自独特的特征带。聚类图分析表明,来源无性系的品种遗传一致度最大达0．990;有的品种也表现出较大遗传一致度的为0．985;也有的品种的遗传一致度较低,范围在0．686－0．831之间。对桃的分类,以水蜜桃,寿星桃,垂枝桃作为类群划分较明晰,其它品种的类群划分则较困难,从而也说明了原产中国的桃种质资源的遗传多样性丰富。     

48个烟草品种遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD分子标记技术对48个烟草品种进行遗传多样性研究。从200个10bp的随机引物用RAPD方法筛选获得28个多态性引物,然后对48份烟草种质资源的基因组DNA进行扩增,共获得184条DNA扩增片断带。其中多态性带86条,平均多态检出率为46.7%。48份材料的遗传距离为0~7.81,采用UPGMA法聚类分析,可将其分为两大类群,即黄花烟草群与普通烟草群,后者又可分为4组。     

乌龟遗传多样性的RAPD分析

运用RAPD技术对乌龟的遗传多样性进行了分析。用20个随机引物对24个个体的基因组DNA进行了PCR扩增,一共扩增出3288条DNA片段,平均每个个体扩增出137条带。在检测到的137个位点中,多态位点数为119个,占869%,标记的分子量在0.2kb-3kb之间。个体间最大的遗传距离为0467,个体间最小的遗传距离为0168。24个个体的平均遗传距离为0324+00631。表明乌龟的遗传多样性水平较高。采用类平均聚类法(NJTREE)构建了24个个体相互关系的分支图。24个个体被分为几个类群,显示种内遗传差异较大,可能存在不同种群。本研究为乌龟的种质保护、合理开发利用以及选择育种提供了新的分析参数。       

苍术DNA分离及RAPD遗传多样性分析

用新鲜的或－７５℃保存的苍术〔Ａｔｒａｃｔｙｌｏｄｅｓｌａｎｃｅａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）ＤＣ．〕叶片提取ＤＮＡ,产量分别为４０ｎｇ／ｍｇ鲜重和１０ｎｇ／ｍｇ鲜重左右,分离出的ＤＮＡ的ＯＤ２６０／ＯＤ２８０值均大于１９,可用于ＲＡＰＤ试验。用８种引物对苍术４个居群的ＤＮＡ进行扩增,单个１０碱基的引物扩增出的ＲＡＰＤ标记在１～１５之间,多态位点百分率南苍术为４７５０％,北苍术为４５４０％,遗传相似度值南苍术为０８５,北苍术为０８７。结果表明,南苍术的遗传多样性略高于北苍术。     

多叶重楼遗传多样性的RAPD分析

应用RAPD技术检测了多叶重楼(Paris polyphyfzo)2个变种4个居群的遗传多样性,并与1个凌云重楼(P．cronquistii)居群进行了比较。选择的16个随机引物在5个居群中共检测到246个多态位点。在居群水平上,滇重楼2个居群的多态位点百分比(PP鳓分别为57．43％和54．67%,Shannon指数分别为0．3080和0．2830;七叶一枝花2个居群的PPB分别为56．33％和57．75%,Shannon指数分别为0、3080和0．3293。在变种水平上,滇重楼的PPB为75．14％,Shannon指数为0．3922,遗传分化系数(Gst)为0．3085;七叶一枝花的PPB为80．31％,Shannon指数为0．3992,遗传分化系数(Gst)为0．3726;在种的水平PPB达92．05%,遗传分化系数Gst达0．5151。聚类分析显示滇重楼和七叶一枝花有较近的亲缘关系,而与凌云重楼遗传距离较远。此结果从分子水平上支持了过去将滇重楼和七叶一枝花划分为1个种下2个变种的形态分类观点。     

用RAPD和ISSR检测的橡胶树野生种质和栽培品种的遗传多样性

用19个RAPD引物和12个ISSR引物对14份野牛橡胶树种质和我国的37份栽培品种进行了遗传多样性分析。RAPD引物共产生132条带,多态性带占88．6％,相似系数变化范围在0．432—0．947。ISSR引物其产生101条带,多态性带占87．1％,相似系数为0．505—0．941。平均基因杂合度分析表明野生种质比栽培品种具有较高的遗传多样性。根据UPGMA法对51份材料进行聚类分析,结果表明,ISSR分析中所有材料可分为2类：第一类为野生种质,第二类为栽培品种：而RAPD分析中野牛种质和栽培品种不能被分为明显的两人类。虽然ISSR和RAPD的聚类分析结果存在差异,但对两种方法进行的相关分析表明,他们之间仍存在极显著相关性,相关系数为0．574。品种PR107、热研217等一些栽培品种可以通过特异带在51份供试材料中被区分开。这些结果可以对橡胶树的育种上作起到一定的指导作用,同时RAPD和ISSR技术也是进行橡胶树品种鉴定和遗传多样性研究的有效手段。     

采用RAPD和ISSR标记探讨中国疣粒野生稻的遗传多样性

用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）和ｉｎｔｅｒ－简单重复序列（ＩＳＳＲ０标记对分别来自中国海南和云南２０个居群的疣料野生稻（Ｏｒｙａｚ ｇｒａｎｕｌａｔａ （Ｎｅｅｓ ｅｔ Ａｒｎ． ｅｘ Ｗａｔｔ．））混合样品,以及海南（Ｍ５）和云南（Ｍ２７）２个居群各２０个植株的遗传多生进行了检测。在混合取样的居群中,２０个ＲＡＰＤ引物和１２个ＩＳＳＲ引物分别扩增出２０９个１２２条带,多态条带比率９ＰＰＢ）分别     

采用RAPD和ISSR标记探讨中国疣粒野生稻的遗传多样性

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) methods were applied to detect genetic variation of 20 bulking samples and two individually sampled populations of Oryza granulata (Nees et Arn. ex Watt.) from China (M5 from Hainan Province and M27 from Yunnan Province). For the bulking sampled populations, 20 RAPD and 12 ISSR primers generated 209 and 122 bands, of which 134 (64.11%) and 89 (72.95%) were polymorphic respectively. For population M5, 146 and 95 bands were generated with 21.48% and 34.78% being polymorphic (PPB). For population M27, 151 (PPB = 17.22%) and 94 (PPB = 19.15%) bands of RAPD and ISSR were obtained. The results indicated that the level of genetic variation of O． granulata was lower than other species detected in the genus Oryza. UPGMA cluster based on genetic similarity and principle component analyses (PCA) based on band patterns divided the populations into two groups corresponding to their sources, which revealed that the majority of genetic variation of O. granulata occurred between Hainan and Yunnan. Consequently, more populations of the species should be considered for a reasonable conservation management. Comparison between the two marker systems showed that ISSR was better than RAPD in terms of reproducibility and ability of detecting genetic polymorphism. Mantel test revealed that the goodness of fit between them was significant (r=0.917, t=12.718) when detecting genetic diversity at species level, but was poor at population level (r<0.200). The discrepancy was considered as the facts that different fragments were targeted by RAPD and ISSR, and that evolutionary process of O. granulata varied at different hierarchical levels.     

采用RAPD标记探讨瓣蕊唐松草(毛茛科唐松草属)的遗传多样性及其地理分布格局(英文)

Random amplified polymerphic DNA(RAPD)method was applied to assessg enetic variation and population structure of Thahctrum petalotdeum L(Ranunoulaceae),Two hundred and forty-six individuals from 11 populations of the species were investigated by RAPD profiles Twenty selected RAPD primers generated 125 bands．in which 120 were polymorphic Ther esults revealed a high level of genetic variation(ercentage of polymorphIc bands(PPB was 96％．Nei’s gene diversity(りwas 03502 and shannon’s information index(I) was 0．5199 at the species level) The differentiation among the populations was high(Gst=0．3511)in this species．Result of analyzing of molecularvariance(AMOVA)showedthat38．88％of genetic variance was found among the populations Positive correlation withr r=01945(P=00002)was found between genetic distance and geographic distance amongpo pulations Two populations distributed in the drainage basin of YanELz River affined genedcally and formed one clada and the rest nine populations formed the other clade in both unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average(UPGMA)trees made by two different method different methods. It was yen/clear that these two populations were very special, andmust be closely related in history, despite the fact that they now share quite weak link to the restpopulations through gene communication.     

采用RAPD标记探讨瓣蕊唐松草(毛茛科唐松草属)的遗传多样性及其地理分布格局

采用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)标记对瓣蕊唐松草(Thalictrum petaloideum L.)(毛莨科)11个居群246个体的遗传多样性及居群遗传结构进行了检测.20个随机引物扩增出125个用于分析的条带.结果表明:瓣蕊唐松草在物种水平上具有极高的遗传多样性,多态条带比率(PPB)为96%,Nei的基因多样度(h)为0.3502,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.519 9;居群间分化比较明显,基因分化系数(GsT)为0.351 1,分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明居群间遗传变异占总遗传变异的38.88%;根据条带频率与平均分类距离和Nei遗传距离分别进行UPGMA聚类,结果基本一致,并且反映出与该种地理分布有一定相关性;长江流域分布的两个居群表现出较高的相似性,并与北方分布的各居群构成独立的两支,显示出这两个居群的特殊性,从而对该物种独特分布区成因是由于冰退回迁造成的观点提供了一定的支持.     

Genetic diversity of Picea asperata populations based on RAPDs

The genetic diversity of ten natural populations of Picea asperata Mast. were studied using RAPD markers. A total of 160 reproducible fragments were produced from the ten primers used. The mean number of fragments detected per individual was 114.7. Altogether 120 fragments were polymorphic among the ten populations, none of them were found to be population-specific. Nei's expected heterozygosity (H (e)) ranged from 0.233 to 0.269, and the average was 0.247. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that the coefficient of gene differentiation among populations, based on F (ST) and the unbiased estimate PhiST, equaled 0.224 and 0.290, respectively. Such high values indicate that there is significant differentiation among populations, which could result from several factors, including restricted gene flow between populations (Nm = 0.866). Founder events may be another factor attributing to the high level of genetic differentiation. In addition, it was discovered that the geographic distribution is not correlated with the genetic distances among the populations of P. asperata.     

利用SRAP标记分析河南小麦栽培品种的遗传多样性

利用小麦SRAP标记对22个河南省小麦品种进行了遗传多样性分析,10对引物组合扩增获得169个条带,其中70个条带具有多态性,多态条带百分率为41．42％,每对引物平均产生7个多态性条带。22个供试材料的带型按照条带的有、无分别记录为1、0后,采用Nei72方法计算不同品种的遗传距离,利用NTSYS软件进行非加权组法（UPGMA）聚类分析。结果表明SRAP标记技术能较真实地反映小麦品种间的亲缘关系,可以用于小麦品种遗传多样性研究。     

花莲种质资源的遗传多样性及品种间亲缘关系的探讨

利用17个随机引物对来自中国和美国的29份花莲种质资源材料进行了RAPD分析。扩增形成207条谱带,多态带122条,多态率为58．94％。说明中国花莲具有较丰富的遗传多样性。结果还显示：（1）花莲种质资源可被分为2个品种群：品种群Ⅰ以大花型为主,少量小花型。品种群Ⅰ以中小型花为主。又在欧氏遗传距离11．01处分为7个亚品种群。（2）美洲黄莲与中国莲的花莲之间在DNA水平上没有显著差异,与中小型花关系更近。     

A Statistical and Comparative Analysis of Genetic Detected by Different Molecular Markers

This paper presented a statistical and comparative analysis of common parameters of plant genetic diversity by using relevant data of 314 wild plant species from 235 published articles. The results indicated that the parameters of genetic diversity revealed by RAPD and AFLP are comparable, but all parameters of genetic variation detected by ISSR, allozyme and SSR are incomparable , which are not comparative with those by RAPD and AFLP. The genetic differentiation value G_st based on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is obviously lower than the value Φ_st based on AMOVA analysis, which showed that these two parameters are incomparable as well. Furthermore, the statistical and comparative results of genetic diversity of 179 plant species by RAPD and AFLP indicated that at population level: 1) the genetic diversity of gymnosperm is higher than those of both dicotyledon and monocotyledon of angiosperm, but lower genetic differentiation; 2) the genetic diversity of tree is higher than those of shrub and herb, but lower genetic differentiation; 3) the clonal plant has higher genetic diversity than those reproduce sexnally, and 4) the cross-breeding plant has higher genetic diversity than self- breeding plant; 5 ) the widespread plant species has higher genetic diversity than the rare, endangered or endemic species.