The nature of the primate grasping foot

The grasping primate foot is one of the hallmark adaptations for the order Primates. Prosimian muscle and joint analysis indicates that there are two distinct primate grasping feet. The I–V opposable grasp, in which the hallux opposes the other four digits around a support, is the primitive grasp type utilized by cheirogaleids, lorisides, Daubentonia, and tarsiids. Lemurids and indriids, on the other hand, have a derived I–II adductor grasp, where the grasping action of the hallux and the second digit have been enhanced. This grasp seems to be in response to increasing body size and the use of vertical supports. North American adapids, which were large and possessed the I–V opposable grasp, were probably not able to utilize vertical supports frequently. The recognition of this innovative adaptation, the I–II adductor grasp, which is unique to Madagascar, extends our appreciation of prosimian locomotor capabilities.     

The Dutch consensus on the diabetic foot

In 1996 the Dutch Diabetes Federation installed a consensus committee to formulate practical guidelines for daily practice to prevent, diagnose and treat foot-related complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. A list of definitions was formulated. A new ulcer classification was introduced. Pathophysiology, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies were discussed with special attention for patients with a high risk foot and for prevention instruction. After several rounds of implementation the definite document was unanimously accepted in the fall of 1998.