微生物絮凝剂的稳定性及其对城市污水厂浓缩污泥的絮凝脱水

研究了酱油曲霉(Aspergillus sojae)产生的微生物絮凝剂(MBF)的稳定性,并将其用于城市污水厂的浓缩污泥的强化脱水.结果表明:由酱油曲霉提取的MBF具有很好的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性,4℃低温条件下保存35d后絮凝率仍在96%以上,而常温条件下保存35d后不同pH的MBF絮凝率差别很大.与PAM、PAC相比较,MBF能更好地降低城市污水处理厂浓缩污泥比阻.MBF对浓缩污泥的强化脱水的最佳投加量为7%(v/v),且MBF的单耗随着污泥处理量的增大而逐渐减小.     

高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌TJ-3的絮凝特性分析

从活性污泥中分离筛选出一株高效絮凝剂产生菌TJ-3, 经生理生化试验检测其属于革兰氏阴性菌, 短杆状, 16S rDNA测序鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌。生长曲线表明, TJ-3的生长稳定期较长, 所产微生物絮凝剂(MBF)的稳定性良好。TJ-3产MBF对高岭土悬液具有良好的絮凝效果, 最佳条件下的絮凝率为98.2%。絮凝活性分布实验结果表明, TJ-3所产MBF的活性物质大部分存在于离心后的沉淀物中。处理100 mL高岭土悬液, pH值8.5、1%(质量分数)CaCl2溶液投加量3.5 mL、菌液投加量1.5 mL时, 絮凝效果最佳。     

壳聚糖絮凝法精制合欢皮多糖水提液的工艺

采用壳聚糖对合欢皮总多糖的絮凝纯化工艺进行研究。通过单因素和正交试验,得到优化的工艺条件:壳聚糖用量为生药量0.8 mL/g,絮凝温度35℃,絮凝时间4 h,药液浓缩比(质量体积比)为1∶10(g/mL),在此条件下,多糖保留率、脱蛋白率和多糖纯度分别为91.23%、22.26%和47.27%,优于传统的水提醇沉法。     

红平红球菌絮凝基因提取及絮凝剂对血红素肽-铁絮凝特性

优化了红平红球菌(Rhodococcus erythropolis)絮凝基因(NOC-1)的提取条件,探讨了该菌种发酵产生的微生物絮凝荆(MBF)对猪血红蛋白酶解的主要产物-血红素肽铁的絮凝特性.结果表明:采用溶菌酶与CTAB相结合方法,在水浴温度为65℃,时间为20 min条件下,提取絮凝基因,获得了清晰平整明亮的DNA条带,无明显弥散,DNA提取量多且断裂少,利用PCR扩增出了产絮凝基因(NOC-1)16S rRNA,测定并分析了产絮凝基因片段的1400 bp碱基组成.该MBF对猪血红蛋白酶解主要产物,即血红素肽铁絮凝特性与溶液的pH、温度、絮凝方式等有关,当猪血红蛋白酶解溶液pH值为6.0,絮凝温度45℃,结合超声波处理,MBF对血红素肽铁的絮凝率达到最佳,且絮凝沉降规律为拥挤沉淀,絮凝杌理为该菌种产生的MBF为粘多糖,分子上的活性基团(羧基、羟基、氨基等)借助离子键、氢键和范德华力,吸附血红素肽铁形成微粒,并通过架桥方式将2个或更多的微粒交联在一起从而导致絮凝.     

利用污泥提取液制备微生物絮凝剂

以污水厂剩余污泥作为培养基原料,经过一系列处理,探索微生物絮凝剂产生菌的最适发酵培养基配方,结果表明,污泥预处理条件以pH 12碱解条件最优,碳氮源产出量最大,补加8 g/L葡萄糖后灭菌,微生物絮凝剂产生菌LLin6可正常产絮,絮凝率达91.55%。该结果为降低微生物絮凝剂的制备成本,并实现污泥的减量化和污泥资源化利用提供了基础。     

不同比例珍珠岩对污泥堆肥理化性状与孔雀草生长的影响

为解决污泥在替代泥炭应用时存在的透气性差等问题,用珍珠岩作为污泥透气性调节材料,以纯污泥堆肥为对照,研究添加珍珠岩20%、40%、60%、80%、100%(V/V)条件下混合基质理化性状的差异以及对孔雀草植株生长的影响.结果表明： 混合基质的物理性状中容重、持水孔隙和水气比随珍珠岩比例的增大而降低,总孔隙度和通气孔隙则增加;化学性状中pH值随珍珠岩比例的增大而增加,EC值和养分含量则呈下降趋势;孔雀草地上部生物量以及开花数在添加60%珍珠岩条件下最高,纯污泥堆肥中最低;根系形态和根系活力在添加珍珠岩40%、60%、80%条件下较高.通气孔隙是影响最大根长和平均根直径的最强因子.珍珠岩主要是通过影响污泥堆肥物理性状来改善孔雀草生长,添加珍珠岩60%可显著改善污泥透气性差、盐分高的问题,对孔雀草根系及地上部生长等均有良好的调节作用.     

蚯蚓作用下污泥重金属形态变化及其与化学生物学性质变化的关系

城市污泥处理是一项世界性难题,污泥农业利用是其最简单有效的资源化利用方式之一,但污泥中较高的重金属含量限制了其实际推广应用,利用蚯蚓-超富集植物联合修复污泥重金属的方法已引起国内外研究者的关注。以新鲜城市脱水污泥为研究对象,接种赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)进行室内培养试验,系统研究蚯蚓作用下污泥重金属形态的变化,及其与污泥氧化还原条件、化学和微生物性质变化的关系,以期为蚯蚓-超富集植物联合修复技术在污泥重金属处理中的应用提供理论依据。结果表明,试验前期蚯蚓在污泥中能正常生长和存活,前20 d总生物量增加了52%。蚯蚓可以显著促进污泥中的Cu、Zn、Cd、Ni等重金属从残渣态和铁锰态等稳定形态向交换态和水溶态等有效形态转化。还可以显著降低污泥中还原性物质的含量,减缓p H值下降速度,降低总有机碳含量,促进铵态氮向硝态氮转化,减少污泥微生物的数量并增加其种群活性。蚯蚓作用下,污泥中重金属的活化程度与还原性物质的含量呈显著负相关,而与微生物种群的活性呈显著正相关(P0.05)。综上所述,蚯蚓可以促进污泥重金属的活化,并改善污泥的肥力条件,为修复植物在污泥中的正常生长和对重金属离子的快速吸收提供有利条件。     

注射用A型肉毒毒素的稳定性验证

目的验证注射用A型肉毒毒素(商品名:衡力)成品的稳定性。方法依据《中华人民共和国药典》2010版(三部)(简称《中国药典》)各论中注射用A型肉毒毒素成品检定标准,对注射用A型肉毒毒素成品进行稳定性长期试验(2~8℃)、加速试验(25±2)℃、高温试验(35±2)℃;同时监测在低温(-5~-20℃)冻存条件下药品到有效期终点时的质量稳定性数据及复溶后的质量稳定性数据;采用趋势分析和批内批间变异系数分析药品的稳定性。结果该药品在3年有效期内(2~8℃)保存,各项质量指标的检测结果均符合要求,批内、批间一致性亦符合要求;在室温保存条件(25±2)℃,6个月和高温(35±2)℃,15 d情况下,药品的各项质量指标同样符合《中国药典》的标准。药品在低温冻存(-5~-20℃)条件下至有效期终点,其关键质量指标均符合标准。药品复溶后在2~8℃保存6 d,其效价持续稳定,无菌检查合格。结论注射用A型肉毒毒素在≤8℃条件下保存的有效期为3年,在室温连续保存期限为6个月,高温条件连续保存时限为15 d。药品复溶后在2~8℃无菌条件可保存6 d。     

脱水污泥中脱色偶氮染料功能菌群的驯化分离

【目的】获得降解混合偶氮染料的高效降解菌,应用于印染行业偶氮染料废水的生物处理和资源化。【方法】以某污水处理厂的脱水污泥作为分离源,经偶氮染料废水驯化后,分离筛选出9株偶氮染料脱色株(命名为T-1-T-9),通过形态观察、生理特征及基于16S rRNA基因序列的分子生物学鉴定,初步认定分离株分属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)、寡单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)和副球菌属(Paracoccus)。【结果】所得分离株纯培养均可不同程度地脱色单一偶氮染料和混合偶氮染料,其中T-8对甲基橙和金橙I的脱色速率最大,40 h的脱色率分别为85.9%和86.2%,T-8菌株干粉也可在无外源碳源的条件下完全脱色金橙I。分离株混合培养脱色混合偶氮染料的效率明显高于纯培养,可达90.1%。【结论】脱水污泥作为脱色偶氮染料功能菌群的新来源具有良好的应用价值。     

辽东栎种子的顽拗性——脱水和低温敏感性

该文采用硅胶(快速脱水)和35℃电子恒温干燥箱中脱水(缓慢脱水)、冷藏(4℃)和冻藏(-4℃)的方法,研究了辽东栎种子的脱水和低温敏感性及其对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:辽东栎种子成熟散落时具有较高的含水量(96.0%)和萌发率(78.9%),无论是快速脱水还是缓慢脱水,萌发率、萌发速率、萌发指数和活力指数均随着脱水时间的延长和含水量的降低呈现减小的趋势,至脱水96 h后(快速和缓慢脱水种子含水量分别为66.0%和69.8%),种子全部失去活力。辽东栎种子活力与含水量呈显著的正相关关系,但轻度脱水可促进种子萌发,快速脱水种子比缓慢脱水种子具有更高的脱水耐性。辽东栎种子不能耐受低温贮藏,萌发率、萌发速率、萌发指数和活力指数在4℃下冷藏30 d或-4℃下冻藏6 h后均显著降低,冷藏90 d或冻藏48 h后种子全部丧失活力。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.