致病性弧菌外膜蛋白及其免疫原性研究进展

弧菌为水产养殖环境中常见的条件致病菌,其暴发可导致养殖鱼虾贝类大量死亡。由于常用的化学药物防治方法存在耐药性、药物残留等问题使得弧菌病的防治面临新的挑战,因而如何获得安全有效的防治方法成为弧菌所致疾病研究的重点和难点。弧菌为革兰氏阴性菌,外膜是该类型菌细胞壁特有的结构,由蛋白、糖和脂质构成。其中外膜蛋白易为宿主免疫系统识别为异物,可以激发机体的体液免疫和细胞免疫,有可能作为弧菌疫苗的有效成分。对弧菌外膜蛋白免疫原性的研究进展作一综述,以期为弧菌病的防治在外膜蛋白水平上提供一种有效的解决途径。     

以恒河猴为模型的DNA疫苗的免疫保护作用研究

研究了以霍乱毒素B亚基（CTB）为载体的重组疟疾多价抗原（AWTE）表位的DNA疫苗在恒河猴中的免疫原性及对相应疟原虫感染的免疫保护作用。结果表明DNA疫苗组免疫2次后即产生了较高水平的细胞免疫和体液免疫,免疫后91天用1.25×10     

昆虫内共生菌在昆虫防御中的作用

共生菌在昆虫体内的生长、繁殖过程中起着十分重要的作用,如营养功能、解毒作用、调控生殖及与寄主适应性等等。近些年,一些学者提出了共生菌在寄主抵御天敌等逆境的胁迫时也具有重要的作用。其在寄主防御中的作用可分为3类:(1)昆虫体内共生菌能产生具有抗真菌作用的代谢物,能够抵御病原真菌的入侵,提高寄主的适应性。(2)昆虫抵御寄生蜂的作用与其体内的共生细菌密切相关。(3)共生菌也能产生有毒物质保护寄主免于被捕食。昆虫共生菌在寄主防御中的作用机制除了产生抗菌物质和聚酮类等有毒物质外,还可能通过与水平传播的寄生物(horizontal transmission parasites,HTPs)竞争寄主资源来直接保护寄主。对共生菌的作用的深入研究将有可能进一步明确其功能,并加以利用。     

重要水产养殖动物病原菌高效多价疫苗保护原的研究

以疫苗为核心的免疫防治是控治水产动物养殖业微生物病害的必由之路。鉴于水产养殖动物病原菌种类繁杂、血清型多样,同时从经济方面考虑也不可能对所有病原菌及其血清型逐一进行疫苗预防接种。因此,研制疫苗必须在思路和技术上进行创新。该文提出了以发展多价疫苗为思路的水产养殖动物细菌性疾病控制的新免疫预防措施,介绍了发现和鉴定多价疫苗候选功能靶位的研究思路和技术路线,展望了基于免疫层次抗原组学的新概念对系统深入研究天然高效多价保护原的良好前景。     

脂蛋白脂肪酶基因突变的可能影响

脂蛋白脂肪酶（LPL）是水解富含甘油三酯脂蛋白中甘油三酯的关键酶,其基因突变常可造成严重的高甘油三酯血症和胰腺炎等疾病。近年的研究发现,LPL基因突变的影响是广泛的,不仅可能与冠心病,高血压,阿尔茨海默病,围产期疾病等相关,而且某些突变可能延缓冠状动脉疾病和阿尔茨海默病的发生和发展。     

预防食物中毒

食物中毒对人体健康有极大的危害,可分为细菌性食物中毒和非细菌性食物中毒。本文重点阐述了细菌性食物中毒的特点与发生条件,发生的原因及预防方法。     

黏膜免疫佐剂研究进展

免疫佐剂是加入疫苗制剂后能促进、延长或增强对疫苗抗原特异性免疫应答的物质。好的免疫佐剂可使少量的抗原诱导机体产生早期、高效和持久的免疫应答。本文主要就近几年国内外对黏膜免疫佐剂种类(主要包括细菌性物质、各种细胞因子、某些无机成分、可增强抗原呈递的相关载体)及作用机理的研究近况作一综述。     

主要致病性螺旋体疫苗研究进展

由主要致病性螺旋体引起的人类疾病,如钩端螺旋体病(Leptospirosis)(以下简称钩体病)、莱姆病(Lyme disease)和梅毒(Syphilis)等发病率居高不下,对公共卫生造成了威胁和隐患。这些病原性螺旋体的致病机制许多尚未完全阐明,甚至有些不十分清楚。目前螺旋体疫苗免疫保护效果仍不十分理想。为了预防和减轻螺旋体病的发生,亟需对主要致病性螺旋体疫苗的相关研究进行加强和给予足够的重视。致病性螺旋体相关疫苗大多经历了全菌体疫苗、减毒活疫苗和基因工程疫苗等阶段。现就钩体病、莱姆病和梅毒的疫苗类型及免疫保护效果的研究现状作一概述。     

幽门螺杆菌疫苗诱导的免疫保护反应及临床试验研究进展

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)是一种微需氧、寄生于胃黏膜表面的革兰阴性致病菌,可导致各种不同的疾病,如慢性活动性胃炎、胃和十二指肠溃疡,甚至包括胃黏膜相关淋巴样组织(mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue,MALT)淋巴瘤和胃腺癌等恶性疾病。目前根除Hp主要依靠包括2种抗生素、铋剂和质子泵抑制剂(proton pumpinhibitors,PPI)在内的四联疗法。随着Hp耐药性的增强,研发Hp疫苗成为防治Hp感染的新途径。Hp疫苗能够诱导机体产生抗原特异性血清IgG和黏膜sIgA体液免疫反应以及抗原特异性CD4+T细胞免疫反应等的有效免疫保护反应。     

Hib感染性疾病的免疫预防

b型流感嗜血杆菌(H ib)疾病危害严重,分布广泛,在已使用H ib结合疫苗的国家中,H ib疾病均得到有效控制。我国H ib疾病的发病情况基本与国外相似,但H ib结合疫苗的使用率非常低。本文综述了H ib结合疫苗的特点以及在使用过程中的一些具体问题。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.