祁州漏芦中一个新的三萜皂甙

从祁州漏芦 (Rhaponticumuniflorum (L .)DC .)的根中分离得到 6个三萜皂甙 ( 1～ 6 ) ,其中化合物 3为一新的三萜皂甙 ,命名为unifloroside,其结构经 1D ,2D_NMR及化学方法鉴定为 3_O_α_L_arabinopyranosyl_urs_9( 11) ,12_dien_2 8_oicacidβ_D_glucopyranosylester。     

祁州漏芦中一个新的三萜皂甙

从祁州漏芦(Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC.)的根中分离得到6个三萜皂甙(1～6),其中化合物3为一新的三萜皂甙,命名为unifloroside,其结构经1D, 2D-NMR及化学方法鉴定为3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-urs-9(11),12-dien-28-oic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester.     

黄花远志的新齐墩果烷型三萜皂甙

从云南产远志科药用植物黄花远志(PolygalaarillataBuchHamexDDon)茎皮的乙醇提取物中分离得到4个新的齐墩果烷型三萜皂甙,命名为黄花远志皂甙(arillatanoside)A～D。同时还分离得到1个已知的三萜皂甙远志甙(polygalasaponin)XXXV。它们的结构通过波谱方法推定。     

钟膜白头翁的一个新三萜皂甙

从钟膜白头翁(Pulsatilla campanella Fisch. ex Regel et Rilig)的根中分到1个新的三萜皂甙,命名为白头翁甙(pulsatiloside)D,其结构经光谱分析和化学方法证明为常春藤皂甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→2)-β-D-半乳吡喃糖甙。     

多花黄芪的三萜皂甙研究

豆科黄芪属(Astragalus)药用植物的三萜皂甙具有促进微循环和强心作用[1,2],临床上可明显改善心力衰竭病人的心功能。载入青海省新版药品标准[3]的黄芪属植物多花黄芪(AstragalusfloridusBenth.)其化学成分尚未见报道。为科学评价其质量,进一步扩大黄芪药源,作者对多花黄芪的化学成分进行了研究,从其干燥根中提取的总甙粗品部分,经硅胶柱层析和结晶纯化,分得5种三萜皂甙成分,通过光谱分析和化学方法,鉴定为绵毛黄芪甙(1)、黄芪皂甙(2)、黄芪皂甙(3)、绵毛黄芪甙(4)和膜荚黄芪甙(5)[4～7]。实　验　部　分熔点用4显微熔点测定仪测定,温度计…     

黄花远志的新齐墩时烷型三萜皂甙

从云南产远志科药用植物黄花远志茎皮的乙醇提取物中何妨以４个新的齐墩果烷型三萜皂甙,人花远志皂甙Ａ－Ｄ。同时还分离得到１个已知的三萜皂甙远志甙ＸＸＸＶ。它们的结构通过波谱方法推定。     

广东冬青中的三萜及三萜皂甙成分

从广东冬青（Ｉｌｅｘ ｋｗａｎｇｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ）的叶中分离得到四个三萜皂甙和三个三萜成分,通过光谱解析及化学方法,三个三萜成分分别鉴定为齐墩果酸（１）、熊果酸（２）和常春藤皂甙元（３）;四个三萜皂甙成分分别鉴定为齐墩果酸３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基－（１→３）－α－Ｌ－吡喃阿拉伯糖甙（４）、齐墩果酸３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基－（１→２）－α－Ｌ－吡喃阿拉伯糖甙（５）、齐墩果酸３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－     

白花刺参中两个新三萜皂甙

从著名藏药白花刺参（Morina nepalensis var.alba Hand.-Mazz)的水溶性部分分离到2个新三萜皂甙-刺参甙K（1）和刺参甙L（2）,以及一个已知三萜皂甙mazusaponinⅠ（3)。应用波谱和化学方法,刺参甙K和刺参甙L的结构分别鉴定为3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-（1→）-β-D-xylopyranosyl siaresinolic acid(1)和3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl siaresinolic acid28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(2)。     

葫芦科植物三萜皂甙研究十年进展（1980—1992）

综述了２９８０年至１９９２年以来葫芦科盒子草属,土贝母属Ｃａｙａｐｏｎｉａ属,南瓜属,Ｆｅｖｉｌｌｅａ属,纹股蓝属,雪胆属,丝瓜属,苦瓜属,棒锤瓜属,罗汉果属,赤ｂａｏ属,Ｗｉｌｂｒａｄｉａ等１３属２４种植物２００多个三萜类新化合物的研究概况。其中值得注意的是五环三匝齐墩果烷型大环皂甙,四环三萜葫芦烷型甜味甙,非葫芦烷型三萜皂甙,达玛烷型皂甙和巴查烷型三萜皂甙的发现。文末附参考文献８３篇。     

柴胡皂甙p的结构鉴定

从小叶黑柴胡 Bupleurum smithii Wolff var.parvifolium 的根中分离得到 5个化合物 ～ .经化学和波谱方法鉴定 ,化合物 为 3β,1 6β,2 3,2 8-四羟基齐墩果 - 1 1 ,1 3 1 8 -二烯 - 3- O- β- D-吡喃葡萄糖基 1→ 6 - [β- D-吡喃葡萄糖基 1→ 2 ]- β- D-吡喃葡萄糖甙 ,为新化合物 ,命名为柴胡皂甙 p saikosaponin p .化合物 ～ 分别为已知化合物柴胡皂甙元 D 、柴胡皂甙 g 、柴胡次皂甙 H 和柴胡皂甙 b2 .它们均首次从小叶黑柴胡中获得     

New Steroidal Saponin of Stem and Leaf of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim

A new steroidal saponin, pingpeisaponin, was isolated from stem and leaf of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim by column chromatographic technique. On the basis of the IR, MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra of pingpei saponin, the structure has been established as 24α-hydroxyl diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhomno-pyranosyl-(l-2)-β-D-glucopyranoside.     

一种提纯粗茶皂素的简易方法

对粗茶皂素的提取纯化工艺进行了研究。以质量分数为70％的粗茶皂素为原料,经2％NaOH溶解、盐酸酸析、95％乙醇溶解、丙酮沉析工艺得到精制茶皂素。检测结果表明,茶皂素质量分数大于95％,提取率大于80％,这种简便易行的工艺得到的茶皂素可作为开发新型植物灭螺剂的原料。     

油茶皂素化学和物理特性及其开发利用研究

油茶皂素学名茶皂角甙,结构糖是由葡萄糖醛酸,阿拉伯糖,木糖及半乳糖组成,结构酸是由反（顺）白芷酸及醋酸组成。茶皂角甙是由结构相似５─７种三萜类皂甙元构成。油茶皂素的表面活性主要是结构一端为疏水的脂肪酸基团,另一端为结构糖,结构酸亲水基团,吸附和胶团化,使皂素可用来做乳化剂,洗涤剂,发泡剂,分散剂,润湿剂,洗发剂,清洗剂,柔软剂等。     

Effects of oligosaccharins on callus growth and saponin content of Panax notoginseng

This work provides some evidences for the saponinproduction of Panax notoginseng callus by using biologi-cally active,wall-related oligosaccharins.In anappropriate concentration,three kinds of oligosaccharinsstimulated saponin formation or callus growth.Theconcentration of DO,GO and CO for saponin productionof Panax notoginseng callus culture were 15ppm,15ppmaud 20ppm respectively by comparing saponin yield.Itwas very obvious for DO to increase saponin contentwhen the concentration was 10ppm,and for GO tostimulate callus growth when the concentration was20ppm.It would be a good way to produce saponin byusing oligosaccharins in large scale culture in thefuture.     

Antimicrobial activity of saponin fractions of the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and Eclipta prostrata

The antimicrobial activity of saponin fractions from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and Eclipta prostrata was evaluated against pathogenic bacteria and fungi in an in vitro condition. A series of concentrations of crude and pure saponin fractions were tested for antimicrobial activity by zone of inhibition method. The pure saponin fractions were found to be more effective against tested bacterial pathogens when compared to crude saponin fractions. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) exhibited by the pure saponin fraction of G. sylvestre was found to be in the range of 600–1,200 mg/l against bacterial strains and 1,400 mg/l for fungal isolates. In the case of E. prostrata, the range was 1,000–1,200 mg/l for bacteria and 1,400 mg/l for fungal isolates. The susceptibility of bacterial pathogens for saponin fractions was in the order of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. typhi, K. pneumoniae, P. mirablis, S. aureus and for fungal pathogens A. fumigatus followed by A. niger and A. flavus. Whereas, A. niger was more susceptible to inhibition by E. prostrata saponin fractions, followed by A. flavus and A. fumigatus. The antimicrobial potential of saponin fractions was compared with antibiotics, Chloramphenicol and Amphotericin-B with respect to bacteria and fungi. The present study suggests that the saponin fractions G. sylvestre and E. prostrata possess significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. Our results further suggest that saponins of G. sylvestre and E. prostrata can be used as a potential fungicide against pathogenic fungi.     

盾叶薯蓣总皂苷超声提取及动力学

考察了乙醇体积分数、溶剂用量、超声时间、超声功率和超声频率对盾叶薯蓣总皂苷提取率的影响,研究了以体积分数70%乙醇溶液或水作溶剂从盾叶薯蓣中超声提取总皂苷的动力学模型。结果表明,在扩散过程中超声提取薯蓣总皂苷的动力学模型满足非定常扩散方程,相关系数为r=0.95,最佳超声时间为40min。     

茶皂素对菜青虫的拒食作用方式及机制

采用注射、熏蒸、点滴、饲喂、内吸等方法测定了茶皂素对菜粉蝶Ｐｉｅｒｉｓ　ｒａｐａｅ　Ｌ．５龄幼虫的拒食活性。结果表明,茶皂素对５龄菜青虫具有很强的饲喂拒食活性,２４小时选择性拒食中浓度ＡＦＣ_(５０)为４０．８８ｍｇ／Ｌ,非选择性拒食中浓度为３２１．９２ｍｇ／Ｌ;并具有一定的内吸拒食作用,尤其是根部施药法内吸拒食活性较明显。茶皂素对菜青虫无显著的注射、熏蒸、点滴拒食作用。     

超声辅助低水比提取无患子皂素工艺过程研究

无患子皂素是一种天然的表面活性剂,具有良好的乳化、分散、发泡、湿润等功效。采用超声波辅助法低水比无患子皂素提取优化工艺为:超声频率20 kHz,超声时间20 min,料液比1∶6,超声功率800 W,提取温度60℃,皂素提取得率为37.27%。超声波辅助法提取无患子皂素可以减少过程用水量,降低能耗,提高皂素得率。     

Characterization of tryptic hydrolysis of alpha-lactalbumin/saponin mixture and structural change of alpha-lactalbumin interacting with soybean saponin

Bovine milk alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-La) was mixed with soybean saponin, and the resulting mixture was hydrolyzed by trypsin. Saponin increased the tryptic-hydrolysis level of alpha-La only at relatively high phosphate buffer concentrations (> or = 0.05 M). T(1) experiments with acetylated soybean saponin demonstrated that there were some interactions between alpha-La and saponin not only at high concentrations of phosphate buffers but even at low concentrations as well. Circular dichroism spectra of alpha-La showed that the tertiary structure of alpha-La was changed through interactions with saponin only at high buffer concentrations. Furthermore, by analyzing the tryptic peptides from an alpha-La/saponin mixture, hydrolyzing rates at all or some of K5, R10, and K16 of alpha-La were accelerated by saponin interactions. The increase in the tryptic hydrolysis of alpha-La by saponin addition was considered due to modification of the tertiary structure of alpha-La by saponin.     

Enhancing plant uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls and cadmium using tea saponin

The potential of natural surfactant tea saponin to enhance uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and cadmium (Cd) by Zea Mays L. and Saccharum officinarum L. was investigated. With addition of tea saponin at 0.01% in solution culture, the concentrations of PCB 14, PCB 18, PCB 77 and PCB 156 in root of corn seedling were 2.72, 2.68, 1.94 and 2.40 times as those of treatments without adding any surfactant, respectively. Application of tea saponin to the soil significantly elevated PCB 5 accumulation in shoots and roots (p < 0.05) by sugarcanes. With addition of 0.3% tea saponin, Cd concentration was increased by 96.9% in roots, 156.8% in stems and 30.1% in leaves compared with the treatment without addition of surfactant in sugarcane grown in soil. Tea saponin had potential of assisting the uptake of PCBs and Cd by plants from water solution and soil.