抗真菌药物作用靶酶羊毛甾醇14α去甲基化酶研究

羊毛甾醇14α去甲基化酶是普遍存在于高等植物、真菌和哺乳动物体内的P450蛋白,是氮唑类抗真菌药物作用靶酶.到目前为止已分别确定了高等植物、真菌和哺乳动物体内该酶的氨基酸序列.该酶对底物的催化包括三个单加氧步骤,涉及自由基的生成和消除,血红素辅基在酶催化过程中起重要作用.底物羊毛甾醇只能结合在酶活性位点血红素辅基Nc吡咯环上方,其余血红素吡咯环被氨基酸残基封闭.底物羊毛甾醇的3β羟基、Δ⁸⁽⁹⁾双键和17位侧链是与酶活性位点正确结合的关键官能团.该酶两大类抑制剂(底物类似物和氮唑类抗真菌药物)结构-活性关系研究可为进一步优化和设计新型高效酶抑制剂提供基础.     

白色念珠菌羊毛甾醇14α-去甲基化酶三维结构分子模型研究

基于四种原核细胞色素Ｐ４５０晶体蛋白Ｐ４５０ＢＭ３、Ｐ４５０ｃａｍ、Ｐ４５０ｔｅｒｐ、Ｐ４５０ｅｒｙＦ模建白色念珠菌羊毛甾醇１４α－去甲基化酶三维结构。序列匹配采用四种晶体结构比较结果基础之上提出的细胞色素Ｐ４５０超家族蛋白基于结构知识的序列匹配方法。以Ｐ４５０ＢＭ３晶体结构坐标模建目标蛋白结构保守区主链结构,结构保守区侧链构象来源于四种晶体蛋白与模建蛋白对应残基同源性得分最高残基构象。模建结果用分子力学和分子动力学进行结构优化,模建结果蛋白采用Ｐｒｏｆｉｌｅ－３Ｄ图、Ｒａｍａｃｈａｎｄｒａｎ图和疏水图分析确证结构的合理性。并根据模型推测与血红素辅基相互作用的残基、与氧化还原偶联蛋白作用和参与电子传递的残基、底物进出通道和活性位点的残基。这些研究结果为定点突变研究、抗多肽抗体结合实验等提供理论依据,为高效低毒抗真菌药物合理设计提供靶标。     

组蛋白去甲基化酶研究进展

组蛋白甲基化是一种重要的表观遗传修饰方式,2004年组蛋白去甲基化酶的发现使人们认识到组蛋白的甲基化也是一个可逆的修饰过程,并由此掀起了人们对组蛋白去甲基化研究的热潮。该文主要从近年来研究人员在组蛋白去甲基化酶的鉴定、组蛋白去甲基化酶的功能研究等方面取得的进展进行阐述,并就该方面的研究进行展望。     

植物去甲基化酶ROS1的研究进展

DNA甲基化状态是由从头合成的甲基化、维持型甲基化和DNA主动去甲基化动态调控的结果,由不同调节途径靶向各种酶的催化.5-甲基胞嘧啶DNA糖基化酶/裂解酶ROS1(REPRESSOR OF SILENCING1)是一种DNA去甲基化酶,能够通过启动碱基切除修复途径完成DNA主动去甲基化.介绍了植物中DNA主动去甲基化途...     

组蛋白去甲基化酶JMJD 及其抑制剂的研究进展

组蛋白去甲基化酶JMJD 家族可通过催化去除组蛋白N 末端赖氨酸残基上甲基,参与表观遗传调控,包括基因表达调控,并与某些疾病,特别是癌症密切相关。因此,该酶已成为令人关注的癌症治疗新靶点,其抑制剂也成为药物研究与开发的热点。综述JMJD 与肿瘤的关联、JMJD 的结构和催化机制及其抑制剂的研究进展。     

组蛋白去甲基化酶UTX的研究进展

UTX是一种含有多个TPR结构域和一个JmjC催化结构域的组蛋白修饰酶,主要负责去除H3K27位点的二/三甲基化.在分子机制上,UTX一方面可通过其去甲基化酶活性降低靶基因启动子或增强子上的H3K27me2/3水平,另一方面可与MLL3/4形成复合物调控增强子的H3K4甲基化水平,从而促进基因转录.此外,UTX还可以通...     

赖氨酸特异性组蛋白去甲基化酶1作用机制及其生物学功能的研究进展

与其他化学修饰,如乙酰化、磷酸化、泛素化等相似,组蛋白赖氨酸甲基化是一个可以逆转的组蛋白修饰,是一个动态调节的过程。赖氨酸特异性组蛋白去甲基化酶1（lysine specific demethylase 1,LSD1）是一个黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸（flavin adenine dinulcleotide,FAD）依赖性胺氧化酶,它能够特异性脱去H3K4和H3K9位点上的单甲基化和二甲基化的甲基基团。LSD1参与调控核受体介导的基因转录,并分别维持染色质的活性和非活性状态,被誉为细胞深处的基因＂开关＂。LSD1的功能失衡可引发多种重要生命现象的改变。主要综述LSD1的结构、作用机制及其在肿瘤发生、胚胎发育、体细胞重编程的调控、细胞分裂和造血等过程中生物学功能的研究新进展。     

赖氨酸特异性组蛋白去甲基化酶1与白血病的研究进展

表观遗传学是后基因组时代兴起的一门新学科,它使人们认识到包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑及非编码RNA调控在内的修饰也可以记载遗传信息;并且许多表观遗传改变是可逆的,对表观遗传修饰和调控的研究已成为生命科学的热点和发展前沿。2004年发现的赖氨酸特异性组蛋白去甲基化酶1(LSD1)是第一个真正意义上的组蛋白赖氨酸去甲基化酶,使人们认识到组蛋白甲基化是一个动态的过程,通过组蛋白甲基转移酶和去甲基化酶的相互作用,动态地调控基因转录的激活和抑制等生物学过程。这重新定义了组蛋白甲基化,同时也为进一步深入研究组蛋白修饰提供了新的途径。我们在此简要介绍LSD1的结构与功能、LSD1与白血病的关系,LSD1在白血病的发生和发展中发挥重要作用,是一个潜在的治疗白血病的靶基因。     

白色念珠菌CYP51蛋白功能性氨基酸残基定点突变、蛋白表达及活性测定

实验设计了白色念珠菌CYP51蛋白功能性氨基酸残基突变体Y118A、Y118F、Y118T、S378A、S378T、H310A、H310R, 并转入基因工程菌D12667中表达。用Western及紫外分光光度法定性、定量检测蛋白, 用GC-MS法测定蛋白代谢活性。结果表明, 成功表达目标蛋白, 蛋白诱导表达量接近微粒体蛋白总量的25%。活性测定表明, 表达的野生型蛋白保持其对天然底物的代谢能力; 相较于野生型蛋白, 突变体蛋白代谢活性不同程度改变, 最多可下降1/2左右。因此, 本研究中成功表达了野生型和     

白念珠菌H310D突变型14α-去甲基化酶的克隆、表达及活性的初步研究

利用错配内部引物,采用重组PCR方法获得H310D突变型白念珠菌14α去甲基化酶（CYP51）,构建H310D突变型CYP51蛋白的表达载体pYCYP51M,转化进入酵母菌INVSC-1中,半乳糖诱导蛋白的表达,微量液基稀释法测定表达野生型及突变型CYP51蛋白的宿主酵母菌对氟康唑的MIC。表达的CYP51蛋白占微粒体蛋白酶系的15%;表达突变蛋白的酵母菌MIC值是表达野生蛋白的酵母菌MIC值的2倍。CYP51蛋白H310D的突变导致表达突变蛋白的酵母菌对氟康唑MIC的升高,证明H310残基对CYP51蛋白与氟康唑的结合有一定作用,为研究新型抗真菌前导化合物寻找新的靶点。     

结合光谱法在DMIs类杀真菌剂筛选中的应用

为建立一种快捷和准确的方法用于新型杀真菌剂的筛选,以外源表达的稻瘟菌羊毛甾醇14α-去甲基化酶为靶酶,以市售烯唑醇、戊唑醇、三唑醇、三唑酮为DMIs类杀真菌剂代表,分析了靶酶活性、靶酶纯度和靶酶浓度对二者结合光谱的影响,并与生物测试结果比较分析其可靠性。结果表明靶酶的高活性、无其他P450干扰和合适的靶酶浓度是获得准确结合光谱的必要条件。烯唑醇、戊唑醇、三唑醇、三唑酮与靶酶结合常数（K,/i>_d）分别为0.143μmol/L、0.24μmol/L、0.257μmol/L、0.307μmol/L,该结果与其对稻瘟菌生长抑制能力(120h-EC₅₀)显著相关,证明结合光谱法可作为一种简便可靠的DMIs类杀真菌剂筛选方法。     

结合光谱法在DMIs类杀真菌剂筛选中的应用

为建立一种快捷和准确的方法用于新型杀真菌剂的筛选,以外源表达的稻瘟菌羊毛甾醇14α-去甲基化酶为靶酶,以市售烯唑醇、戊唑醇、三唑醇、三唑酮为DMIs类杀真菌剂代表,分析了靶酶活性、靶酶纯度和靶酶浓度对二者结合光谱的影响,并与生物测试结果比较分析其可靠性。结果表明靶酶的高活性、无其他P450干扰和合适的靶酶浓度是获得准确结合光谱的必要条件。烯唑醇、戊唑醇、三唑醇、三唑酮与靶酶结合常数(Kd)分别为0.143μmol/L、0.24μmol/L、0.257μmol/L、0.307μmol/L,该结果与其对稻瘟菌生长抑制能力(120h-EC50)显著相关,证明结合光谱法可作为一种简便可靠的DMIs类杀真菌剂筛选方法。     

Design,synthesis and evaluation of benzoheterocycle analogues as potent antifungal agents targeting CYP51

To further enhance the anti-Aspergillus efficacy of our previously discovered antifungal lead compound 1, a series of benzoheterocycle analogues were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity. The most promising compounds 13s and 14a exhibited excellent antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. neoformans, A. fumigatus and fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains, that was superior or comparable to those of the reference drugs fluconazole and voriconazole. GC–MS analyses suggested that the novel compound 13s might have a similar mechanism to fluconazole by inhibiting fungal lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51). Furthermore, compounds 13s and 14a exhibited low inhibition profiles for various human cytochrome P450 isoforms as well as excellent blood plasma stability.     

Molecular dynamic modeling of CYP51B in complex with azole inhibitors

Cytochrome P450 14α-sterol demethylase (CYP51), the key enzyme in sterol biosynthesis pathway, is an important target protein of cholesterol-lowering agents, antifungal drugs, and herbicides. CYP51B enzyme is one of the CYP51 family members. In the present study, we have chosen four representative inhibitors of CYP51B: diniconazole (Din), fluconazole (Flu), tebuconazole (Teb), and voriconazole (Vor), and launched to investigate the binding features of CYP51B-inhibitor and gating characteristics via molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show that the ranking of binding affinities among these inhibitors is Din > Teb > Vor > Flu. Din shows the strongest binding affinity, whereas Flu shows the weakest binding affinity. More importantly, based on the calculated binding free energy results, we hypothesize that the nonpolar interactions are the most important contributors, and three key residues (Thr77, Ala258, and Lys454) play crucial role in protein-inhibitor binding. Besides, residue Phe180 may play a molecular switch role in the process of the CYP51B-Teb and CYP51B-Vor binding. Additionally, Tunnel analysis results show that the major tunnel of Din, Flu, and Teb is located between helix K, FG loop, and β4 hairpin (Tunnel II).The top ranked possible tunnel (Tunnel II) corresponds to Vor exits through helix K, F and helix J. This study further revealed the CYP51B relevant structural characteristics at the atomic level as well as provided a basis for rational design of new and more efficacious antifungal agents.     

Functional genomics of maize submergence tolerance and cloning of the related gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sicyp51</Emphasis>

In this study, SSH (Suppression Subtractive Hybridization) and cDNA microarray were used to identify genes associated with waterlogging response of maize roots. Mo17 and Hz32 are two maize inbred lines with differential tolerance to hypoxia. Seedlings of the inbred lines with two leaves were submerged in hypoxia buffer. SSH libraries were constructed with cDNA samples from roots. Both forward and reverse subtractions were performed for each inbred line, and 105 positive clones induced by hypoxia were selected by differential screening. The treated and control message RNA were hybridized with the cDNA microarray of Mo17, sequentially, 57 of 3-fold differentially expressed clones were obtained. A total of 162 positive clones were all sequenced. Bioinformatics analysis showed these positive clones represent 85 TUGs, including genes involved in several biochemistry pathways, such as glycolysis, protection, signal transduction, cell construction and energy metabolism and 41 EST with unknown function. Comparison between Mo17 and Hz32 indicates that genes related to hypoxia tolerance have different expression patterns in submerged roots. Several positive clones' expression patterns were revealed by Northern or RT-PCR, and a new gene (Sicyp51), which may contribute to hypoxia tolerance, was identified.