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1.
Summary The effect of fungal elicitor, derived from mycelial extracts of Fusarium conglutinans, on thiophene production in hairy-root cultures of Tagetes patula was studied. Various concentrations of elicitor were added to the culture media. Time-course experiments were carried out using a defined concentration of elicitor. Thiophene production increased with the addition of elicitor. The major thiophenes produced were 5-(4-aceoxy-1-butenyl)-2,2-bithiophene and 5-(buten-1-enyl)-2,2'bithiophene.On leave from Department of Biological Sciences, R. J. College, Bombay 86, India
Offprint requests to: M. A. Hjortso 相似文献
2.
Summary Marigold (Tagetes patula L.) hairy roots induced by infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes produced -terthienyl when grown in darkness, and an n-hexane extract of the roots showed nematocidal activity. Depending on the hairy root line used, the level of -terthienyl varied from 15 to 1268 g per g dry weight, a level that corresponded to 0.15 to 12.7-fold that in intact roots. Analysis by HPLC indicated that the nematocidal activity was due predominantly to -terthienyl. However, it is suggested that nematocidal compounds other than -terthienyl are present in hairy roots cultured in the dark for long periods or in the light. 相似文献
3.
Hairy roots of Tagetes patula were initiated by infecting the seedlings with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The hairy roots were grown in liquid medium MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) supplemented with sucrose. The roots were treated
with three different elicitors obtained from mycelial culture of Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oligosporus and Pencillium notatum. Accumulation of biomass and the production of thiophenes were studied over a period of six weeks in culture. The HPLC separation
profile of the thiophenes indicated the presence of several structurally different thiophenes. α-terthienyl being predominent.
Maximum production of thiophene was recorded at the end of the fourth week in culture with a content of 0.138 % (w/w on dry
weight basis). Treatment of hairy roots with mycelial extract of Aspergillus niger (1.5 % v/v) elicited an increase in thiophene content by 1.6 folds over the control. 相似文献
4.
Harsh Pal Bais R. Madhusudhan N. Bhagyalakshmi T. Rajasekaran B. S. Ramesh G. A. Ravishankar 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2000,22(2):151-158
Growth of hairy roots of Beta vulgaris, which produces betalaines, and of Tagetes patula, which produces thiophenes, was studied under the influence of externally treated polyamines. Of the three polyamines, viz. putrescine, spermidine and spermine, administered singly at 1.5 mM concentration, putrescine and spermidine at 0.75 mM concentration
influenced increase in the accumulation of biomass of B. vulgaris and T. patula hairy roots by 1.42 and 1.30 fold over the control. Whereas, the treatment of spermine (1.5 mM) alone resulted in decrease
in the biomass in both the systems. Combined administration of putrescine (0.75 mM) and spermidine (0.75 mM) enhanced growth
in both B. vulgaris and T. patula than that observed in individual treatments. Polyamines administered alone or in combination did alter production of betalaine
and thiophene content. Dose response experiments showed that, when putrescine and spermidine was administered at 0.75 mM concentration,
it resulted in maximum biomass and production of beta-laine and thiophene in B. vulgaris and T. patula respectively as compared to the control and the media treated with double and triple strength of nitrates and in combination
with putrescine and spermidine at equimolar concentration. In B. vulgaris and T. patula hairy root cultures, endogenous spermine titers were maximum in putrescine and spermidine 0.75 mM each treated, cultures,
which was 1.63 and 2.0 fold higher than in control on 28th and 35th days respectively. 相似文献
5.
Baíza Ana María Quiroz Adriana Ruíz José Alfredo Maldonado-Mendoza Ignacio 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1998,54(2):123-130
The aim of this work was to study the possible relationship between alkaloid production and growth measured as: biomass increase
and cellular division frequency, in Datura stramonium in vitro root cultures (hairy root and normal cultures). A comparison
of growth values on a fresh and dry weight basis showed that there were differences between transformed and non-transformed
lines. The differential growth between lines occurred due to a real biomass increase and not because of water accumulation.
On the other hand, the rate of cell division showed a similar pattern for all lines studied. Therefore, the differences in
growth are not due to different cell division rates, nor to the presence of larger meristems, but to the development and growth
of lateral roots and the presence of active intercalary meristematic zones in each line. The maximum alkaloid production occurred
when the cultures were not growing. This suggests an inverse relationship. Finally, the data support a specific model of growth
at the level of cell division in root cultures which has not been described before in the literature.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
A. C. Hulst M. M. T. Meyer H. Breteler J. Tramper 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1989,30(1):18-25
Summary The effect of the size of Tagetes patula (marigolds) cell aggregates on growth and thiophene production in MS-medium was studied. A heterogeneous aggregate suspension was aseptically divided into 7 fractions, each with a defined aggregate diameter range, with subsequent inoculation of the fractions into MS growth medium. Growth occurred in all aggregate fractions and thiophene production increased with increasing aggregate diameter starting at about 3 mm, an effect possibly due to an increasing lack of oxygen in the aggregate centre. Calculations of oxygen concentration profiles in the aggregates showed namely, that the critical aggregate diameter where the oxygen concentration in the aggregate centre becomes very low, is about 3 mm. Aggregates with a diameter exceeding 1.2 cm showed a decreased thiophene production, however, these aggregates were hollow. The thiophenes produced mainly consisted of 5-(4-hydroxy-1-butenyl)1-2,2-bithienyl, which was excreted into the medium.Nomenclature
ID
e
effective diffusion coefficient (m2s-1)
-
c
oxygen concentration (mol m-3)
-
c
s
substrate concentration at surface (mol m-3)
-
c
s.exp
experimental value of c
s (mol m-3)
-
c
eq
substrate concentration at equilibrium (mol m-3)
-
r
s
consumption rate (mol m-3 s-1)
-
d
crit
critical aggregate diameter (m)
-
d
agg
aggregate diameter (m)
-
L
length of aggregate (m)
-
W
width of aggregate (m)
-
t
time (s)
-
r
distance from aggregate centre (m)
-
R
radius of aggregate (m)
-
R(c)
oxygen consumption (mol m-3 s-1)
-
V
c
convection velocity (m s-1)
-
V
m
intrinsic maximum consumption rate (mol kg-1 s-1)
-
K
m
intrinsic Michaelis Menten constant (mol m-3)
-
V
m
apparent maximum consumption rate (mol kg-1 s-1)
-
K
m
apparent Michaelis Menten constant (mol m-3)
- *
multiplication sign 相似文献
7.
The effect of different concentrations of carbohydrates, nitrogen, sulphate, plant growth regulators and elicitors on growth and thiophene accumulation by transformed root cultures of Tagetes laxa (Cabrera) was studied. The combinations of sucrose (30 g/l), nitrogen (60 mM), sulphate (150 mM) and the ratio Nox:Nred 2:1 are the most appropriate combination to support growth and thiophene accumulation, which was increased by 90% when the cultures were elicited with homogenate of Sclerotinia sclerottiorum. The plant growth regulators used produced dedifferentiation with a decrease in thiophene biosynthesis. 相似文献
8.
Root cultures of Tagetes patula L. cv. Carmen were grown with a mixture of unlabeled glucose and [U-(13)C(6)]glucose or [1-(13)C(1)]glucose as carbon source. Isoeuparin and (-)-4-hydroxytremetone were isolated by solvent extraction of the cultured tissue, purified by chromatography and analysed by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. Amino acids obtained by hydrolysis of protein from the same experiments were used for the reconstruction of the labelling patterns in central metabolic intermediates. These labelling patterns were used for the prediction of isotopolog compositions in the benzofuranone derivatives via different hypothetical pathways. Comparison with the experimentally observed isotopolog distributions showed that the benzenoid ring and the acetoxy group are exclusively or predominantly (>98%) derived from phenylalanine and not from acetyl-CoA via a polyketide-type biosynthesis. The isopropylidene side chain and two carbon atoms of the furan and dihydrofuran moiety, respectively, originate from an isoprenoid building block obtained exclusively or predominantly (>98%) via the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway. The exomethylene atom of the isopropylidene side chain is biosynthetically equivalent to the (Z)-methyl group of dimethylallyl diphosphate. The data indicate that isoeuparin and (-)-4-hydroxytremetone are assembled from 4-hydroxyacetophenone and dimethylallyl diphosphate via prenyl-substituted 4-hydroxyacetophenone and dihydrobenzofurans as intermediates. 相似文献
9.
Margl L Tei A Gyurján I Wink M 《Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences》2002,57(1-2):63-71
The occurrence of thiophenic compounds in diverse plant organs and in in vitro root-, callus- and cell suspension cultures of Tagetes patula cv. Carmen was investigated using capillary GLC and GLC-MS. The separation of thiophenes by capillary GLC and the group specific MS fragmentation with the typical sulfur isotope peaks allowed the unequivocal assignment of individual thiophenes in complex mixtures, even when occurring in traces and in the presence of different geometrical isomers. The extracts of Tagetes patula cv. Carmen contained the following 8 thiophene compounds: 5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (BBT), 5'-methyl-5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (MeBBT), 5-(1-pentynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (PBT), 5-(4-hydroxy-1-butynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (BBTOH), 2,2',5,2"-terthienyl (alpha-T), 5-(4-acetoxy-1-butynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (BBTOAc), 5-methylaceto-5'-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (AcOCH2BBT), and 5-(3,4-diacetoxy-1-butynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (BBT(OAc)2). The most complex thiophene profile, including the less common PBT was detected in aerial parts of freshly harvested plant material. Under in vitro conditions only the root cultures, but not callus or cell suspension cultures produced substantial amounts of irregular thiophenes confirming that roots are the main site of thiophene biosynthesis. 相似文献
10.
乙二胺四乙酸对孔雀草和一串红铅富集的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过盆栽试验,研究了乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对根际土壤Pb的有效性以及孔雀草(Tagetespatula)和一串红(Salviaspendens)富集Pb能力的影响.结果表明:施加EDTA(3mmol.kg-1)7d后,2种花卉根际土壤中乙酸铵溶液(1mol.L-1)可提取的有效态Pb含量极显著提高(P<0.01);孔雀草和一串红叶片中Pb的含量分别达2415.88和1083.68mg.kg-1,为对照处理的61.36和5.37倍;茎中Pb含量也明显增高,而根系Pb含量则略有下降. 相似文献
11.
Roots of marigold (Tagetes patula L.) accumulate thiophenes, heterocyclic sulfurous compounds with strong biocidal activity. In detached roots cultured in vitro, the thiophene content was 5 mol·(g fresh weight)-1 which is 25-times higher than in roots attached to the plant. In roots derived from tissues transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes, the morphology and thiophene content varied with the bacterial strain used. Transformation stimulated the elongation of the root tips and the formation of lateral roots but lowered the thiophene level to 20–50% relative to the concentration in untransformed detached roots. A negative correlation was found between the number of laterals in a root system and the thiophene content. Extensive branching and a decrease in thiophene accumulation was evoked in untransformed roots by indole-3-acetic acid (1–10 mol·l-1) added to the medium. Within the roots, the highest thiophene concentrations were found in the tips. The results indicate that auxin directly or indirectly plays a role in the regulation of the thiophene level in root tips.Abbreviations B5
Gamborg's B5 medium
- IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid 相似文献
12.
13.
A. F. Croes A. M. Aarts M. Bosveld H. Breteler G. J. Wullems 《Physiologia plantarum》1989,76(2):205-210
The relation between root differentiation and accumulation of biocidal thiophenes was studied in stem calli of two Tagetes species. Disorganized tissues of T. erecta were low in thiophene production. A sharp rise in thiophene content coincided with the emergence of roots on the calli. Root regeneration and the amount of thiophenes produced were found to be quantitatively related. Callus tissues of T. minuta did not differentiate into organs. Nevertheless, they accumulated thiophenes throughout the incubation period. Light at 12 W m- stimulated thiophene production in T. erecta without having an apparent effect on root regeneration. In T. minuta even low irradiance levels (2 W m∼2 ) strongly inhibited thiophene accumulation. Under favorable conditions thiophene concentrations in calli of both species were comparable to or somewhat lower than the levels in roots on the plants and in excised, cultured roots of T. erecta. We conclude that in calli of T. erecta thiophene accumulation is coupled to root regeneration whereas a different control mechanism allowing for accumulation in disorganized tissues is operative in T. minuta. 相似文献
14.
C. Liu Y. Wang X. Xu F. Ouyang H. Ye G. Li 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》1999,20(2):161-164
The effect of fungal elicitor, derived from mycelial extracts of Penicillium chysogenum 3446, on artemisinin production in hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua L was studied. Various concentrations of elicitor were added to the culture medium after 18 days. Time course experiments were carried out using a defined concentration of elicitor after 18 days. Various ages of hairy root cultures were elicited using a defined concentration of elicitor for 3 days. Artemisinin production in 21-day hairy root cultures treated with 0.3 mg total sugar/ml medium elicitor for 3 days reached to 549.1 mg/l. 相似文献
15.
Plants of the wild species Tagetes mendocina were regenerated, via organogenesis, from explants and callus cultures, and the occurrence of biocidal metabolites, thiophenes, by such undifferentiated tissues and regenerated plants was investigated. Differences between explant sources were apparent in terms of their competence for dedifferentiation and subsequent organogenesis. Leaf-derived cultures were more responsive than the root-derived ones. Biochemical studies revealed that the plants produced were capable of synthezising thiophene like-compounds following in vitro regeneration.Abbreviations BA
6-benzyladenine
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- MS
Murashige & Skoog (1962)
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- BBT
5-(3-buten-1-enyl)-2,2-bithienyl
- BBTOAc
5-(4-acetoxy-1-butenyl)-2,2-bithienyl
- -T
2,2 5,2"-terthienyl
- BBTOH
5-(4-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-2,2-bithienyl 相似文献
16.
Summary Hairy root cultures of Solanum aculeatissimum were established by trans-formation using Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 15834. Root growth and production of steroidal saponin were investigated under various culture conditions. Transformed roots grew better in Gamborg's B5 medium containing 3 % sucrose under continuous light than in the dark. Also, the roots turned light green when cultured under continuous light. Green hairy roots produced aculeatiside A (6.71mg ·) L–1 and aculeatiside B (6.39mg · L–1) after 8 weeks of culture, while no steroidal saponin was detected in hairy roots cultured in the dark. Of the three culture media tested, Gamborg's B5 medium was superior for growth and steroidal saponin production. Growth and steroidal saponin production were enhanced when 100g · L–1 auxin except for 2,4-D was added to the medium. The addition of 2,4-D inhibited growth. Production of steroidal saponin was highest with NAA. Transformed roots used in this experiment were confirmed that hairy roots examined contain both TL-DNA and TR-DNA region of Ri plasmid by PCR amplification analysis of DNA.Abbreviations MS medium
Murashige and Skoog's medium (1962)
- B5 medium
Gamborg's B5 medium (1968)
- LS medium
Linsmaier and Skoog's medium(1965)
- HPLC
High performance liquid chromatography
- NAA
-Naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- PCR
polymerase chain reaction 相似文献
17.
Attaran Dowom Samaneh Abrishamchi Parvaneh Radjabian Tayebeh Salami Seyed Alireza 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2022,148(1):107-117
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Phenolic acids, as the predominant secondary metabolites of Salvia plants, are largely used in pharmaceutical industries. The main aim of the study... 相似文献
18.
Rainer Sütfeld 《Planta》1982,156(6):536-540
An intensive accumulation of thiophene derivatives occurs during the first days of development in Tagetes seedlings. After that, the thiophene content (related to dry weight) decreases to reach low values until the twelfth day of growth. High performance liquid chromatography analyses performed on cotyledons, on hypocotyls, and on roots of normal-grown and of partly-etiolated seedlings showed that bithienylbutinen, the major compound in hypocotyls and roots, is accumulated earlier than the other thiophene derivatives. The synthesis of acetoxybutinylbithiophene seems to be light-induced. This compound is not found in cotyledons. Hydroxybutinylbithiophene is synthesized specifically in the roots, -terthiophene in cotyledons. The results obtained indicate a high intensity of thiophene metabolism in these particular organs during seedling development. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Molecular Catalysis .B, Enzymatic》2010,62(3-4):216-220
Raphanus sativus hairy roots were used in the anti-Prelog stereoselective reduction of a series of prochiral alkylaryl-ketones. Most of the bioreactions proceeded with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. This novel biocatalyst is an easy handle system that allows the employment of the immense potential of plant enzymes in preparative asymmetric chemistry. 相似文献
20.
Eighteen transformed root cultures from 7 Psoralea plant species (Leguminosae) were established with the objective of producing
daidzein and related flavonoids. All the 18 hairy root lines grew fast and had the same capacities for biomass production.
Each of them produced daidzein as an intracellular secondary metabolite. The Lach5 hairy root line, obtained from P. lachnostachys,
was a high producing line for daidzein and was further studied for biomass and flavonoid production. This root line showed
exponential growth. Chitosan was used for elicitation purposes as well as for its permeabilizing effect. Little elicitation
effect could be demonstrated and the metabolite release in the medium was weak (about 1%) and limited to the first 29 h after
chitosan addition. Daidzein was demonstrated to be more concentrated in young parts (apexes) whereas coumestrol content was
higher in older parts (brown tissues). Compared to callus cultures from the same plant species, hairy roots displayed comparable
concentrations. However, high-producing lines were more frequently found with hairy roots (4 out of 18) than with callus cultures
(4 out of 217)
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献