初中二年级植物学(54小时)

蔬菜植物:白菜,番茄,黄瓜,菜豆,萝卜,洋葱,马铃薯。这些植物的构造和特性。采种用蔬菜植物的培育。果树植物:苹果,橘,桃,葡萄。这些植物的构造和特性。在园中培育它们时,创造它们所必需的条件。粮食植物:水稻,小麦,粟,高梁,玉蜀黍。这些植物的构造和特性。在农田中培育它们时,保证它们所必需的条件。粮食植物对於国民经济的意义。     

稻瘟

稻瘟就是稻热病,是水稻生产中的主要灾害之一。它的分布,普及全国的水稻区。不同的地区,只在发生的程度上有差别而已。北从松花江,南到海南岛,东起台湾,西到云南,都有这个病害严重发生的报导。这种病害的发生,以温度和湿度都相当高的时间和地区最严重。1年之中,以暑热最烈期的前后为主要的发生期。在这时期中,病害的轻重,和流行的程度,就决定于湿度和雨量。湿度大,降雨的日数多,时间长,就有严重发生和大流行的危险。又因水稻是高温植物,在生长期间遇到反常的低温,也能降低抗病力,而引起病害流行。病害的发生,和水稻的种类也有关系。一般说来,籼稻的抗病力比粳糯稻强。但在各类之中,品种间的差异,也很显著,不可一概而论。病害程度上的差别很大。条件不利于病害发生时,即使有病,不过在叶片上产生少数的斑点;对于产量的影响很小。但是在发生严重的时候,可以使水稻成片枯死,不能抽穗,造成颗粒无收的局面。在普通的情况下,叶斑的     

杏坛春色杏花开 杏园林子杏香来

正作为一种水果,杏在我国漫长的文化史中,扮演了众多的角色。它的果是美味的食物,可供食用。它的果仁又是上好的药材,是治百病的必备。它的花也是花中上品,不论是王公贵族,还是文人士大夫,抑或引车卖浆之流,都对杏花爱之甚深。而在美食家眼中,杏又是不可或缺的食材。在宗教者眼中,杏又是最好的灵材。道教认为,杏是仙果。佛教也相信,只有佛门圣地,杏子才会生长出来。     

大海之骄子——鲸

鲸类,这海洋水族界的重要成员,推波弄涛,活跃在全世界的苍茫碧海之中。90多个大大小小的不同种类,各显神通。巨大的蓝鲸、硕大无朋,跨海“吞舟”。凶猛的虎鲸横冲直闯,万“夫”莫当。温顺的灰鲸嬉游近岸,招揽游客。滑稽的座头鲸能“歌”善“舞”,成为当代“明星”。鲁莽的抹香鲸潜游二千米水下,出没自如。短胖的露脊鲸,遨游极区,无视北国严冬。为数众多的海豚,龙腾虎跃,灵巧聪明,甚至被誉为海中智叟。     

蛇仇(小说)

萋草灌木簇拥着山路,游移在参天的橡树林中。奇峰峡谷肃穆,晨光熹微,浓雾尚在谷底缓缓游动,山峦青翠如洗。他这是最后一次随老爹进山了,刚接到录取A大学的通知书。山顶是片茂密的橡树林,他们是来拣橡子的。抓到半山腰,老爹回过头,见儿子落后很远,于是在岩石上坐下等待。他气喘吁吁追上来。“歇吧。”老爹说完,便掏出烟吸。得意地打量这个山乡里唯一的一个大学生,这是他家的荣耀,更是他做爹的荣耀。他一屁股压下来,不想再动。万籁俱寂,唯有几声鸟鸣在山谷里回荡。他身子一软瘫,双手撑住地面,右手压住一团软绵绵的东西,正疑惑,一阵钻心的疼痛自右手指传向全身。他猛转身,不禁大     

浅谈园林植物病虫害防治举措

园林植物是园林的重要组成部分,是园林绿化和美化的主要载体。保护园林植物的健康成长,是园林健康发展的需要。可是,园林植物病虫害常常对园林植物的健康造成威胁。传统的园林植物病虫害防治,有优势,也有不足。扬长避短,加深认识,绿色防控,不失为较好的举措。本文对此作了浅谈。     

蝮蛇王国——蛇岛的由来

雄伟壮观的蛇岛屹立在蔚蓝的海洋之中。从高空鸟瞰,沟谷交错,悬崖峭壁,草木丛生,成群的海鸥迎着朝霞展翅翱翔。蛇岛原名小龙岛,亦称蟒岛。位于辽东半岛尖端,渤海的一侧,旅顺口的西北方。这个岛长3里,宽1.5里,面积约为4平方公里。西南角最高峰海拔215.5米。是一个人迹罕至盛产蝮蛇的孤岛。     

深切怀念徐福均老师

一位好的老师,是会受到学生永恒的爱戴的。徐福均教授是我一生中难忘的几位老师之一。大家都知道徐老师学识渊博,业务精湛,是我们学习的榜样。但我认为,徐老师的高尚品德,更是我们效法的楷模。徐老师为人正直,作风正派,严于律己,宽于待人。他从事教育工作五十六年,潜移默化,教书育人,桃李满天下,凡是认识他的人,没有不敬重他的为人的。尤为难能可贵的是他的“人梯”精神。徐老师一生勤奋好学,从浩瀚的书海中吸取营养,再以之哺育学生,对学生的付出是毫不吝惜的。回想我在川医教学十二年,从懂得对知识的追求,能在教学法上有点滴改进,以至在科…     

情系珠穆朗玛（上）

没到珠穆朗玛峰以前,在我的心目中,珠穆朗玛峰是世界最高峰。如今,人们,特别是我们中国人,也把那儿称为世界的第三极。我想象中的珠峰,一片白色的世界,没有其他的颜色,没有生命。 然而我错了。今年“五一”我的珠峰行,修正了我心中的珠穆朗玛。那里不只是白色,那里生机勃勃。那里有裸露的岩石,深浅不同的褐色的岩石下面有顽强的绿色,绿色汇集出了复杂的森林生态系统。那里有野生动物,哺乳动物有53种之多,鸟类更是有206种。此外,两栖动物、爬行动物、鱼类也都在那被称为“世界屋脊”的地方,找到了自己的家。动物们喜欢聚在一起的地方,不知道是不是就可以算成是野生动物的     

蛇的天敌——獴

蛇为毒虫,但它也有自然天敌。不少动物能打败它,甚至把它消灭。如,满身长刺的小刺狸可以巧妙地吃掉蝰蛇。獴更是毒蛇的劲敌。 獴和眼镜蛇的搏斗场面,十分精彩激烈。笔者在山区,曾有眼福饱赏了战斗场面。别看这个貌似黄鼠狼的小兽獴,凶残的眼镜蛇也不是它的对手。开始,獴不停地在眼镜蛇周围跳来跳去,故意激怒眼镜蛇。这么一来,只见那眼镜蛇忍无可忍,一怒之下,把脖子气得粗粗的,还噗噗地喷着气,分叉的舌头也迅速地吞吐着,向獴猛扑过去。可是獴很灵活地一闪,就躲过了蛇的攻击。随后,獴仍在眼镜蛇周围跳跃挑逗着,眼镜蛇无计可施,只好转动颈部盯着獴,伺机反扑。几十个回合后,眼镜蛇疲倦极了,竖着的身体渐     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.