降血糖中药及有效成分的研究进展

本文通过PrloQuest Medical Library和中国学术期刊教据库,对降血糖中药有效成分等设置关键词检索,综述了1994年以来国内外降血糖中药有效成分及研究现状.具有降血糖作用的中药化学成分主要包括多糖、生物碱、黄酮、皂苷、萜及含硫化合物等六大类,虽然各类中药成分的有效性及其作用机理迥异,但其研究进展,为降血糖的分子中药研究开发奠定了良好基础.降血糖中药有效成分是重要的降血糖中药分子,进一步研究和探讨这些中药分子的中药药性和组方配伍规律,对于创制高效低毒的降血糖分子中药,推进中药现代化具有重要理论和实践指导意义.     

中药处方中有毒、小毒中药的应用分析

目的调查我院中药处方中有毒药物的用药情况,促进有毒中药的合理应用。方法随机抽取2014年4月~2015年5月我院有毒中药处方2420张,对有毒中药用量和有毒中药超量处方进行统计分析。结果有毒中药使用处方中,有毒、小毒中药19种,均存在超规定用药情况;而使用有毒中药处方的临床科室中,以内科最多,占60.33%;以法半夏的使用量最大,占全部有毒、小毒中药使用量的35.62%。结论有毒中药的使用比较普遍,应严格控制其使用剂量,科学合理安全用药。     

中药提取液对灵芝深层发酵的影响

我国中医药历史悠久 ,中药资源丰富 ,为保证广大人们的身体健康起到巨大作用。但近几十年来 ,我国在中药现代化方面进展缓慢 ,其中原因之一就是中药加工技术陈旧[1] ,近来有学者提出了中药发酵制药技术[1,2 ] 。药用真菌是中药的组成部分 ,它们中的许多种类都能以液体发酵进行生产[3] ,以适当的中药为培养基或在培养基中添加适量的中药 ,利用它们强大的分解转化能力 ,不仅可对中药中的纤维、糖类和蛋白等物质加以利用 ,而且在代谢过程中可能对中药中的一些成分进行转化 ,从而提高中药活性成分在复合制剂中的比例及效价 ;另外中药中的某些成…     

中药固体制剂防潮技术研究进展

中药是我国的传统的瑰宝,与见效快的西药不同的是,中药更注重的是长期的保养,传统的中药都是需要将药材熬成汤药或者制成药丸,比较麻烦而且保质期较短,在新时期对中药的要求中,希望中药能够更好的得到保存而且保质更加的好,在中药固体制剂的保存中,如何防止中药变潮成为了主要的研究问题,本文主要对中药固体制剂防潮技术的研究进展进行简要的介绍,希望中药固体制剂能够发展的更好。     

乳酸菌发酵中药功能及其增效机制的研究进展

发酵中药制备中结合使用乳酸菌菌种，不仅能增加中药类型的丰富度，还能摸索出中药更多的新功能，引领中药产业的创新发展。文章简单概述乳酸菌发酵的基本原理，阐明乳酸菌发酵中药的优势，探究其具备的药理学功能，包括棉衣调控、抗氧化、减轻胃肠道炎症等，并从中药成分释放、转化、增菌功用等方面探究乳酸菌类发酵中药涉及的药效提升机制，希望进一步提升同行对乳酸菌发酵中药产品的认知。     

微生物转化技术在中药开发中的应用进展

中药现代化是目前中药研究最迫切的需要,微生物转化技术可以利用微生物的特性解决中药现代化研究中难以解决的诸多问题,我们总结了微生物转化中药的特点,转化酶系统及反应类型,分析了微生物生物转化对中药的影响,认为微生物转化技术酶系统广泛,选择性强,反应条件温和可控,反应类型广泛,适用于所有类型的中药有效成分的生物转化,经过转化后,可以提高中药药效,降低毒性,去除杂质,帮助有效成分的体内代谢及产生新的药物成分。中药微生物转化技术必定成为中药学与微生物学完美契合的典范,推进中药现代化的进程。     

纳米中药对小鼠肠道微生态失调的调整作用

本文研究了纳米中药及常态中药对肠道菌群失调小鼠的调整作用。经过组织病理学检查,肠道菌群和肝脏细菌易位检测发现,2种不同粒径的中药均能促进肠黏膜损伤修复,扶植正常菌群生长和控制细菌易位。但纳米中药用量小,且效果优于常态中药,从而节省了中药资源。     

江苏省地产地道中药资源的生产现状与开发利用(下)

本文是在以往中药资源普查资料的基础上 ,结合本次对江苏省地产、地道中药资源及其产业化背景调查、分析和评价工作 ,基本上客观地反映出目前江苏省地产、地道中药资源的开发利用现状 ,为本省中药资源及中药产业的进一步发展提供参考     

浅谈中药制药与现代化科技相结合

中药制药是中国几千年的文化和文明的结晶,对于中药制药与现代化科技相结合来说,这是非常重要的。相对于中药制药的发展和中药制药与现代科技的关系,现代科技的投入可以更好的服务于中药制药过程,为其发展注入新鲜的血液和活力。中药具有很好的防止疾病快速发展和保健功能,所以中药制药的发展对于人民的生活水平的提高来说非常重要,对于人们的健康水平也具有远大的意义和影响。本文主要针对中药制药与现代化科技相结合的关系来进行深入的探讨,这对于中药制药的未来发展有着非常重要的影响意义。     

中药药效物质的研究方法

中药药效物质的研究是中药现代化研究的核心,科学阐明中药临床治疗的物质基础,是中药药效学研究的最终目标。现阶段中药药效物质基础研究方法主要有化学分离分析、生物色谱法和虚拟筛选等方法。本文对现有中药药效物质基础的几种研究方法进行了分类,并对其特点进行了介绍。     

Traditional Chinese Medicine Explanatory Models of Depressive Disorders: A Qualitative Study

Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry - Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medical system utilised by many Chinese. However, the knowledge of TCM concepts of depression is limited...     

Enlightenment about using TCM constitutions for individualized medicine and construction of Chinese-style precision medicine: research progress with TCM constitutions

Science China Life Sciences - TCM constitution is a new branch of TCM. It provides enlightenment on individualized medicine, including the development of new models of individualized research based...     

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on immune responses in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino

A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation was formulated from orange peel (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida), astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge), pilose asiabell root (Radix codonopsis), indigowoad root (Radix isatidis), taraxacum (Herba taraxaci) and malt (Fructus Hordei Germinatus) at a weight ratio of 1:1:1.5:1.5:1.5:1.5:2. A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of TCM on innate immunity of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Artificial diets containing 1%, 3%, 5% TCM preparation, 1% hawthorn or 1% astragalus, respectively, were fed to juvenile abalone (initial weight 10.38+/-2.51 g; initial shell length 44.15+/-4.15 mm) for 80 days. A TCM-free diet was used as a control. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of abalone using a randomized design. The results indicated that phagocytic activity was significantly higher in abalone fed 3%, 5% TCM preparation, 1% astragalus or 1% hawthorn (P<0.05). Respiratory burst activity was significantly higher in abalone fed 1%, 3%, 5% TCM preparation, 1% astragalus or 1% hawthorn (P<0.05). Agglutination titre was significantly higher in abalone fed 5% TCM preparation (P<0.05). Weight gain ratio (WGR), daily increment in shell length (DISL), total haemocyte count (THC), plasma protein concentration, and the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) were not significantly affected by the TCM preparation (P>0.05). These results indicate that TCM preparation can modulate the immunity of H. discus hannai, and it is very possible that TCM might be used as immunostimulants in abalone farming.     

Actin filament distribution in blocked and developing pig embryos

Actin filaments play an important role in cell division. The present study was designed to examine the relationship between actin filament distribution and pig embryo development. When in vivo matured and fertilised pig oocytes were cultured in TCM 199 or NCSU 23, in various proportions, 45-65% of inseminated oocytes developed to the 2- to 4-cell stages but blastocyst development was observed only in NCSU 23 (34%) or NCSU 23 containing 10% TCM 199 (7%). Supplementation of NCSU 23 medium with 20% or more TCM 199 resulted in no blastocyst formation. Examination of actin filaments indicated that microfilaments were distributed in the cortex, at the junction of blastomeres and in the perinuclear area in the embryos cultured in NCSU 23, but perinuclear actin filaments were not observed in embryos cultured in TCM 199. When 2- to 4-cell stage embryos obtained from TCM 199 were transferred to NCSU 23 medium at 36 h after in vivo fertilisation, 57% of the cleaved embryos developed to blastocysts, which was no different from the proportion obtained after culture in NCSU 23 alone (56%). In addition, when 2- to 4-cell stage embryos obtained from TCM 199 were transferred to NCSU 23, most embryos showed perinuclear actin filaments within 6h. The results indicate that the composition of the culture medium plays an important role in the polymerisation of actin filaments, which in turn influences embryo development. It is possible that pig embryo development was blocked by some components in TCM 199 which prevented actin filament polymerisation.     

In vitro maturation of pig oocytes with different media, hormone and meiosis inhibitors

This study evaluated in vitro maturation of pig oocytes in two maturation media (TCM199 and NCSU23) supplemented with 10% porcine follicular fluid (pFF) or 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and four hormonal treatments. The best media was then used to evaluate the effect of reversible meiosis inhibitors cycloheximide (5 microgram/ml) [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED]and butyrolactone I (12.5M) on the maturation of pig oocytes was evaluated. After maturation for 44 h, the oocytes were fixed, stained, and examined under epifluorescence microscopy. The comparison of the proportion of oocytes in metaphase II revealed that hormonal treatment 2(incubation for 22 h - 10 ng EGF/ml, 10 IU hCG/ml and 10 IU eCG/ml, followed by incubation for 22 h - 10 ng EGF/ml) presented higher repeatability percentages: TCM+ PVA (54.5% - 61/112); TCM+ pFF (65.0% - 63/97);NCSU23 + PVA (54.6% - 65/119), and NCSU23 + pFF (58.1% - 61/105). The comparison of maturation media showed that TCM199 presented more constant results than NCSU23. Regarding supplementation with pFF or PVA, TCM199 with pFF presented better results. The comparison between butyrolactone I and cycloheximide demonstrated that both drugs effectively inhibited meiosis; however, only cycloheximide presented metaphase II percentages similar to the control (70.29% and 75.49%, respectively). In conclusion, it is recommended the use of TCM199 medium supplemented with pFF and hormonal treatment with 10 ng EGF/ml, 10 UI hCG/mland 10 UI eCG/ml during the first 22 h and more 22 h with 10 ng EGF/ml for the pig oocytes maturation. Butyrolactone I and cycloheximide effectively arrested/resumpted maturation; however, the oocytes percentages in metaphase II was the same for both cycloheximide and the control groups.     

心力衰竭大鼠心肌SERCA2a和miR-25-3p/5p表达的改变及泻肺利水方药的干预作用

目的：观察心力衰竭大鼠肌浆网钙ATP酶（SERCA2a） mRNA和miR-25-3p/5p表达水平的变化及中药泻肺利水方药的干预作用。方法：SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、中药组、卡托普利组和地高辛组（n=10）,阿霉素腹腔注射（总剂量15 ml/kg,2周内分6次注射）建立心力衰竭大鼠模型,5周后分别以蒸馏水（10 ml/（kg·d））、泻肺利水中药（22 g/（kg·d））、卡托普利（19 mg/（kg·d））和地高辛（32μg/（kg·d））连续灌胃35 d,观察大鼠心肌SERCA2amRNA、miR-25-3p/5p的表达水平和SERCA2a活性、血浆脑钠肽水平、心输出量和射血分数。结果：模型组大鼠心输出量和射血分数显著降低,心肌SERCA2a mRNA表达水平和活性降低,miR-25-3p和miR-25-5p的表达水平、血浆脑钠肽水平显著升高;泻肺利水中药能提高心肌SERCA2a mRNA表达水平和活性,降低miR-25-3p和miR-25-5p的表达水平,降低血浆脑钠肽水平,提高心输出量和射血分数;卡托普利能提高心肌SERCA2a mRNA表达水平,降低miR-25-3p和miR-25-5p的表达水平,降低血浆脑钠肽水平,提高心输出量;地高辛能提高心肌SERCA2a mRNA表达水平,降低血清脑钠肽水平,提高心输出量。结论：心力衰竭大鼠心肌SERCA2a mRNA的表达下调,miR-25-3p和miR-25-5p的表达上调;泻肺利水方药可以上调SERCA2a mRNA的表达,下调心肌miR-25-3p和miR-25-5p的表达,改善心功能。     

Traditional Chinese medicine as dual guardians against hypertension and cancer?

This study utilizes the comprehensive traditional Chinese medicine database TCM Database@Taiwan ( http://tcm.cmu.edu.tw/ ) in conjunction with structure-based and ligand-based drug design to identify multi-function Src inhibitors. The three potential TCM candidates identified as having suitable docking conformations and bioactivity profiles were Angeliferulate, (3R)-2'-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (HMID), and 3-[2',6-dihydroxy-5'-(2-propenyl)[1,1'-biphenyl]3-yl]-(E)-2-propenoic acid (3PA). Molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that the TCM candidates have more stable interactions with the cleft and in complex with Src kinase compared to Saracatinib. Angeliferulate and HMID, both originated from Angelica sinensis, not only interact with Lys298 and amino acids from different loops in the cleft, but also with Asp407 located on the activation loop. These interactions are important to reduce the opening of the activation loop due to phosphorylation, hence stabilize the Src kinase cleft structure and inhibit activation. The TCM candidates also exhibited high affinity to other cancer-related target proteins (EGFR, HER2, and HSP90). Our observations suggest that the TCM candidates might have multi-targeting effects in hypertension and cancer.     

Complex memory T-cell phenotypes revealed by coexpression of CD62L and CCR7

Antigen-experienced T cells have been divided into CD62L+ CCR7+ central memory (TCM) and CD62L- CCR7- effector memory (TEM) cells. Here, we examined coexpression of CD62L and CCR7 in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific memory CD8 T cells from both lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. Three main points emerged: firstly, memory cells frequently expressed a mixed CD62L- CCR7+ phenotype that differed from the phenotypes of classical TEM and TCM cells; secondly, TCM cells were not restricted to lymphoid organs but were also present in significant numbers in nonlymphoid tissues; and thirdly, a major shift from a TCM to TEM phenotype was found in memory cells that had been stimulated repetitively with antigen.     

A tumor cell line producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and an immune suppressive factor

From a patient, both a cell line incapable of secreting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (TC873) and a cell line capable of secreting G-CSF (TCM902) were established. The effector cells induced, with TC873 cells showed a high lytic capacity against two types of tumor cells. The effector cells induced by TCM902 cells did not show such capacity. Furthermore, the TCM902 cells excreted a factor suppressing the proliferation of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells and the autologous tumor cell lysis of tumor associated lymphocytes. This factor probably is TFG- ₁.Abbreviations CSF colony stimulating factor - ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - G granulocyte - GM granulocyte-monocyte - IFN interferon - IL interleukin - LAK lymphokine activated killer - M monocyte - MLTC mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture - TGF transforming growth factor - TILs tumor infiltrating lymphocytes - TNF tumor necrosis factor     

两种高血压大鼠模型证候特征差异性的研究

目的探讨两种经典高血压实验动物模型的证候特征,以便更好地考察降压中药疗效及作用机理。方法选择自发性高血压大鼠和肾性高血压大鼠两种经典常用动物模型,从宏观表征和行为学的角度,对二者的证候特征及其差异性进行辨析比较。结果自发性高血压大鼠在14～18周龄,基本符合高血压中医辨证分型中肝火上炎证型的表现;两肾一夹型肾性高血压大鼠在术后4～8周,基本符合高血压中医辨证分型中阴虚阳亢证型的表现。结论两种高血压动物模型的中医证候特征不同,在进行降压中药的疗效评价和作用机理实验研究时,可以考虑有针对性地选用。