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第二课堂--提高大学生微生物学科技创新能力的良好途径 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于微生物学科在生命科学中的作用和地位,培养大批掌握现代微生物学基础理论和应用技术的高素质人才是历史赋予高等学校的神圣使命。第二课堂科技创新活动内容注重专题性、综合性、实践性;形式注重学生的主体性、探索性、合作性。同学们从生活实践中发现问题,以问题作为研究课题,通过主体的探索、研究求得问题解决,形成自主探究、创新的意识和习惯。培养积极探索、富于科技创新能力将是学生终生获取知识的不懈动力。 相似文献
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Aims: To test a performance of the microbiological safety cabinets (MSCs) according to the type of MSCs in microbial laboratories. Methods and Results: Tests were carried out to assess the performance of 31 MSCs in 14 different facilities, including six different biological test laboratories in six hospitals and eight different laboratories in three universities. The following tests were performed on the MSCs: the downflow test, intake velocity test, high‐efficiency particulate air filter leak test and the airflow smoke pattern test. These performance tests were carried out in accordance with the standard procedures. Only 23% of Class II A1 (8), A2 (19) and unknown MSCs (4) passed these performance tests. The main reasons for the failure of MSCs were inappropriate intake velocity (65%), leakage in the HEPA filter sealing (50%), unbalanced airflow smoke pattern in the cabinets (39%) and inappropriate downflow (27%). Conclusions: This study showed that routine checks of MSCs are important to detect and strengthen the weak spots that frequently develop, as observed during the evaluation of the MSCs of various institutions. Significance and Impact of the Study: Routine evaluation and maintenance of MSCs are critical for optimizing performance. 相似文献
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We present observations on the variability of sediment penetration depth by the Ponar grab sampler, which lead us to question the reliability of grab samples in the quantitative study of freshwater benthos. Penetration depth of the Petite Ponar grab depends on substrate type, and correlates with the amount of organic carbon, the water content and the granulometry of the sediment. Since these factors can also influence faunal composition and vertical distribution in the sediment, it is important to study the performance of the sampler before a biological explanation for the observed pattern is given. At the site studied, a case study was performed, in which variable grab penetration did not influence biological interpretation because the penetration depth of the grab followed that of the organisms under study.Research Assistant of the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (N.F.W.O.)Research Assistant of the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (N.F.W.O.) 相似文献
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Objective: To identify factors influencing attitudes of partially dentate adults towards dental treatment in Ireland. Background: People are retaining more teeth later in life than ever before. Management of partially dentate older adults will be a major requirement for the future and it is important to determine factors which may influence patients’ attitudes to care. Methods: Subjects: A purposive sample of 22 partially dentate patients was recruited; 12 women and 12 men, ranging in age from 45 to 75 years. Data Collection: Semi‐structured individual interviews. Results: Dental patients have increasing expectations in relation to (i) a more sophisticated approach to the management of missing teeth and (ii) their right to actively participate in decision making regarding the management of their tooth loss. There is some evidence of a cohort effect with younger patients (45–64 years) having higher expectations. Conclusions: The evidence of a cohort effect within this study in relation to higher patient expectations indicates that both contemporary and future patients are likely to seek a service based on conservation and restoration of missing teeth by fixed prostheses. 相似文献
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AIMS: The aim of this research was to compare excision sampling with polyurethane and cellulose acetate sponge swabbing for the recovery of total viable counts and Enterobacteriaceae on meat carcasses. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two sample types were used to compare the methods: (i) individual samples, taken from four sites on each carcass and (ii) composite samples, created by pooling the samples from four sites from an additional set of carcasses. When the polyurethane sponge and excision method were compared for individual sites, there were no significant differences in bacterial recovery on beef and pork carcasses and on two of four sites on lamb carcasses. However, when samples from each site were pooled, the excision method was more efficient than either swabbing method across the three animal species. CONCLUSIONS: Sampling using the polyurethane sponge represents an equivalent alternative method to excision for the bacteriological sampling of carcass surfaces which is nondestructive and less labour intensive. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study provides the scientific basis for using sponge swabbing instead of excision in compliance with 2001/471/EC. 相似文献
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Between 1988 and 1997, 72 mouse colonies and 38 rat colonies were examined for the presence of bacteria parasite infections. Among mouse and rat bacteria, high positive rates were observed with Proteus species (sp.), Pasteurella pneumotropica, Mycoplasma sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Concerning murine colonies, parasites frequently detected were Tritrichomonas sp., Syphacia sp., Aspiculuris tetraptera, Entamoeba muris, Spironucleus muris, Myobia musculi, Chilomastix sp. and Myocoptes musculinus. In rats, high rates were obtained with Syphacia sp., Tritrichomonas sp., Spironucleus muris, Entamoeba muris and Chilomastix sp. During the first part of the last decade, some agents such as Clostridium piliforme, Citrobacter sp., Mycoplasma sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Myobia musculi, Radfordia ensifera, Spironucleus muris and Giardia muris were often found among rodents, and most of them were still present in 1997. At the time of our study, results point out that some agents are still persistent, even increasing during the same period. It is particularly the case for parasites such as Entamoeba muris and the oxyurids, but also for bacteria like Proteus sp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae. We can thus conclude that only very limited success has been achieved in preventing microbial and parasitic infections in mice and rats colonies. 相似文献
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Classical microbiological methods have nowadays unacceptably long cycle times. Rapid methods, available on the market for decades, are already applied within the clinical and food industry, but the implementation in pharmaceutical industry is hampered by for instance stringent regulations on validation and comparability with classical methods. Equivalence studies become less relevant when rapid methods are able to detect only one single microorganism. Directly testing this capability is currently impossible due to problems associated with preparing a spiked sample with low microbial counts. To be able to precisely estimate the limit of detection of rapid absence/presence tests, the method of the most probable limit is presented. It is based on three important elements; a relatively precise quantity of microorganisms, a non-serial dilution experiment and a statistical approach. For a set of microorganisms, a limit of detection of one was demonstrated using two different rapid methods. 相似文献
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Qualitative fish sampling (single catch) using three methods (electric fishing, gillnets, seine nets) was assessed at three
sites in the Ivai River (Paraná State, Brazil) to check their usefulness for quick inventory investigations. Electric fishing
at a constant effort (15 min per each) was considered to be the best sampling technique. Taxon richness was calculated as
the expected number of species using a rarefraction technique. Samples of 300–325 individuals, and 6–10 repetitions in neighbouring
segments were sufficient. Even though electric fishing was conducted with the same effort in similar segments at each site
there were many differences in species abundance. This suggests that the estimated fish specimen number obtained with constant
effort is of limited validity on one sampling occasion and may be best considered as an ‘index of density’ only. The differences
may partially be caused by the segments being located along the right and left bank of the large river (problem of different
habitats). Qualitative and quantitative differences between electric fishing, gill-netting and seine-netting samples were
very high at a high significance level. Nevertheless, as 22.4% taxa were caught only by gill or seine nets, these gears were
important for complementing the species list.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Objective We explored the experiences of patients who received treatment for depression during a 'phase II' platform trial of collaborative care in the UK.Method Semi-structured interviews were used to obtain information from 13 patients receiving collaborative care. Patients from a range of general practitioner (GP) practices within the trial were purposively sampled. The constant comparative approach within a framework analysis was used to identify emerging concepts and key themes.Results Three distinct themes in people's experience of collaborative care were identified: (1) the process of collaborative care; (2) the content of collaborative care; and (3) staying well. These themes were set against a backdrop in which patients described how they had been struggling with lowmood. Our central therapeutic ingredients of information giving, behavioural activation and medication management were supported by patients. Patients expressed reservations about the rigid inflexibility of telephone-based treatment.Conclusions While most of the protocol elements were supported by patients, we have been able to amend our protocol to allow for greater delivery flexibility and more attention to the therapeutic alliance and relapse prevention. We are now testing this in a multicentre randomised controlled trial. 相似文献
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Aims: To compare the Belgian swabbing sampling method for pig carcasses with the reference destructive method with regard to Escherichia coli and aerobic plate counts, Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence and their relationship. Methods and Results: Recovery was significantly lower for the swabbing method and corresponded to a recovery of 36% for E. coli counts and 81% for aerobic plate counts in comparison with the destructive method. There was no significant difference between the swabbing and destructive sampling methods for the prevalence of Salmonella or Campylobacter. A higher median for E. coli counts was detected for samples where Salmonella or Campylobacter were detected. The same association was also observed between the median for aerobic plate counts and the presence of Campylobacter. Conclusions: The method of swabbing used, covering 600 cm2 on each half‐pig carcass, is efficient for the sampling of pig carcasses in comparison with the reference destructive method. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study describes an efficient method for microbiological pig carcass sampling. The Belgian swabbing method should continue to be used to allow the follow up of bacterial contamination in the Belgian meat production chain. 相似文献
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A high-sampling-rate automated continuous-flow fluorometric technique for the analysis of nanogram levels of histamine in biological samples 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
B Lebel 《Analytical biochemistry》1983,133(1):16-29
An automated continuous-flow technique of the modified fluorometric method of Shore was devised to obtain a high sampling rate (60/h) and a sensitive measurement of the histamine content of biological samples. The volumes of samples range from 50 to 500 microliter. A linear relationship is obtained from 0 to 5 micrograms/ml (histamine base) with a good specificity. The limit of detection is 25 pg (actual amount). The coefficient of variation is less than or equal to +/- 5% for concentrations of less than 2 ng/ml and from +/- 0.2 to +/- 2% for higher concentrations. With this technique more sensitive, more specific, and twice as fast as similar ones, histamine content in 350-400 unknowns can be measured routinely in a working day. It has been used for more than 4 years and has proven to be a reliable and useful tool for the numerous research studies in which histamine is involved: immunology, allergy, pharmacology, dermatology, cancer, nutrition. 相似文献
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急性呼吸道感染(RTIs)是临床常见多发病,其病原体对抗生素耐药率的增加对诊断微生物学构成了严峻的挑战。临床微生物室对感染病原体的检出率较低,一般只有50%,且不同部位感染所采集的标本,其结果差异很大。本研究将评述呼吸道感染实验室检查标本采集的影响因素和常见病原体肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎支原体、卡他莫拉菌、肺炎衣原体、嗜肺性军团病杆菌、呼吸道病毒、尿抗原试验的临床意义。 相似文献
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