中国布氏鲾属鱼类的分类探讨

研究旨在利用传统形态学与DNA条形码技术相结合的方法, 进一步探讨中国布氏鲾属Eubleekeria Fowler 1904鱼类的分类与鉴定问题。2014—2016年从广东湛江和广西北海、防城港和东兴近海采集了153尾鲾科鱼类样品, 经形态学鉴定为布氏鲾属种类: 琼斯氏布氏鲾Eubleekeria jonesi (James, 1971)。该种主要鉴别特征为: 眼位于口裂的水平线之上, 颊部无鳞, 两臀鳍之间区域裸露无鳞, 颈部有半圆形裸露无鳞区域, 背鳍上黑斑色淡, 略呈灰色。将其鉴别特征与相关文献记录比较, 表明之前中国大陆记录的黑边布氏鲾Eubleekeria splendens (Cuvier, 1829)可能为琼斯氏布氏鲾。基于线粒体COⅠ基因片段结合GenBank中布氏鲾属鱼类的同源序列, 采用邻接法构建的分子系统树显示, 此研究中采集自中国大陆的布氏鲾属鱼类标本与中国台湾记录的黑边布氏鲾Eubleekeria splendens (Cuvier, 1829)明显地分为两支。基于Kimura双参数模型(K2P)计算, 支系间遗传距离为0.130, 远大于支系内平均遗传距离(0.005和0.006), 支持将二者作为独立物种的观点, 与此研究传统形态学方法的结果一致。     

中国的鲌属和红鲌属鱼类的研究

关于中国淡水鱼类的研究,如果从C.Linnacus的记载算起,至今已超过一个半世纪了。在这个时期内,特别是前100年,全部工作几乎只限于种类的简单描述。进行这些工作的鱼类学者,大抵都是外国人,他们绝大多数没有到过中国,一般仅凭从中国采得的少数标本,     

中国犁齿鲷属鱼类一新种(鲈形目,鲷科)

记述了采自闽南-台湾浅滩渔场的鲷科鱼类1新种,单长棘犁齿鲷Evynnis mononematos sp.nov.。新种的犁骨有数颗圆锥状小齿,为犁齿鲷属所特有的特征。其背鳍仅第3鳍棘末端呈显著的丝状延长这一特征可与本属已知种E.cardinalis和E.tumifrons相区别。     

世界孩儿参属（Pseudostellaria Pax）的分类纲要及地理分布

在标本和文献综合分析的基础上,对世界范围内孩儿参属( Pseudostellaria Pax)植物的主要形态特征进行了总结,依据Mizushima的分类系统编制了孩儿参属的分类检索表,对5个存疑种进行了初步分类处理,并对孩儿参属各种类的分布状况进行了绘图和分析。结果表明：具有肉质块根、绝大多数种具有闭锁花以及开放花花瓣常呈2浅裂是孩儿参属区别于石竹科( Caryophyllaceae)其他属的典型特征。初步确认全世界的孩儿参属植物共22种,被分成Sect. Pseudostellaria和Sect. Mamillatae 2个组,其中,前者仅包含石生孩儿参﹝P. rupestris ( Turcz.) Pax﹞1种,而后者则被进一步分成Ser. Mamillatae和Ser. Distantes 2个系。本研究结果不支持将P. sierrae Rabeler et R. L. Hartm.和P. oxyphylla ( B. L. Rob.) R. L. Hartm. et Rabeler归入孩儿参属的观点,并建议将矮小孩儿参﹝P. maximowicziana ( Franch. et Sav.) Pax﹞、须弥孩儿参﹝P. himalaica ( Franch.) Pax﹞和异花孩儿参﹝P. heterantha ( Maxim.) Pax﹞分别独立成种。从分布区域看,孩儿参属呈北温带间断分布,由北美洲、地中海地区和东亚3个相互隔离的地理区域组成,并且,东亚为其多样化分布中心。     

中国鳖属的分类历史简述

鳖属Pelodiscus隶属于鳖科Trionychidae,是我国分布较多的龟鳖类动物.现生龟鳖类物种繁多,中国已报道了鳖属动物4种,分别是中华鳖Pelodiscus sinensis、东北鳖Pelodiscus maackii、砂鳖Pelodiscus axenaria和小鳖Pelodiscus parviformi...     

苜蓿属和胡卢巴属植物的形态特征及数量分类研究

为研究苜蓿属(Medicago L.)与胡卢巴属(Trigonella L.)间的亲缘关系,寻找两属间的分属依据,解决中间过渡类群的分类归属问题,对苜蓿属与胡卢巴属种类的种皮结构和花粉形态特征进行了观察和测量,并以苜蓿属和胡卢巴属植物的40个形态性状为依据、应用数量分类方法对供试的16个种类进行了聚类分析(UPGMA)和主成分分析(PCA).此外,还根据具有重要分类学意义的形态性状,编写了供试的苜蓿属和胡卢巴属16个种类的分类检索表.观察结果表明,供试的两属植物(11种)的种皮结构基本相同,均由栅栏组织细胞、厚壁细胞和薄壁细胞组成,但胡卢巴属种皮的帽状结构和栅栏组织的厚度均小于苜蓿属.供试的两属植物(9种)花粉形态特征相似,均为椭球形或近球形,赤道面观为椭圆形,极面观为三裂圆形;极轴和赤道轴长分别为22.67～34.67 μm和17.34～31.60 μm;花粉表面纹饰较简单,呈小穴状.种皮结构和花粉特征显示两属的亲缘关系较近,仅种皮结构中的帽状结构差异具有一定的属间分类学意义.聚类分析结果表明,在欧氏距离10.85处,供试的苜蓿属(11种)和胡卢巴属(5种)的16个种类被划分为2组,A组均由胡卢巴属种类组成,B组均由苜蓿属种类组成;在欧氏距离9.32处,B组可被进一步划分为3个亚组,所包含的种类分别为苜蓿属的阔荚亚属(Subgen. Platycarpos D. F. Cui)、镰荚亚属(Subgen. Medicago Tutin)和天蓝苜蓿亚属(Subgen. Lupulina Gressh.)的种类.主成分分析结果表明,前3个主成分的累积贡献率较低,仅57.50%;在前3个主成分中,果实和小叶的长宽比、花萼长和被毛状况、茎和小叶的被毛状况、小叶尖形状、花序长等相关性状的绝对权重值均在0.6以上,具有重要的分类学意义;基于前2个主成分所做的二维散点图中供试的16个种类组成4个表征类群,与聚类分析结果一致.     

中国蝴蝶鱼科鱼类的分类整理

全面考察了蝴蝶鱼科的研究历史,详细总结了蝴蝶鱼科的形态特征、类群划分,概述了其生态特征和地理分布.检测了我国有关单位的蝴蝶鱼科馆藏标本455尾、35种,其中多棘马夫鱼H.diphreutes Jordan为中国新纪录种.对中国已有的种类进行了系统的整理,编制了包括我国已有的6属46种蝴蝶鱼科鱼类的属、种检索表.     

基于髭鲷属鱼类Cyt b基因全序列探讨髭鲷属在鲈总科的分类地位

为探讨髭鲷属鱼类的分类地位,克隆了两种髭鲷属鱼类(横带髭鲷和斜带髭鲷)的线粒体Cyt 6基因全长序列,并利用线粒体Cyt b基因序列分析了鲈总科6个科29种的分子系统进化关系.结果表明:髭鲷属与石鲈科的其他5个属的遗传距离超过了科问水平的遗传距离,存在较远的遗传分化.29种鲈总科鱼类分成了两大类群,石鲈科的矶鲈属、仿石鲈属、厚唇椒鲷属、异孔石鲈属和石鲈属的物种聚为一起形成石鲈科的一个独立分支,与亲缘关系较近的鲷科、梅鲷科和笛鲷科形成一个类群;而隶属于石鲈科的髭鲷属与石鲷科及雀鲷科形成另一个类群.髭鲷属与其他石鲈科鱼类的亲缘关系已经超过了科问的遗传分化水平,而在遗传距离及系统进化分析上髭鲷属仍然隶属于鲈总科.本研究支持将髭鲷属提升为髭鲷科的观点.     

鸡枞菌属与华鸡枞属分类研究现状

鸡菌是一类世界著名珍贵食用菌。依据收集的标本和国内外大量的文献资料,归纳总结了世界鸡菌资源的概况,比较2个属及40个种的形态、分类特征及分布范围,提出了世界鸡菌的分类检索表。     

Taxonomic Notes on Nasutitermes and Bulbitermes (Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae) from the Sunda region of Southeast Asia based on morphological and molecular characters

The Sunda region of Southeastern Asia is rich in termite fauna, but termites from this region have been poorly described. In this study, we described eight species from two diverse genera from this region, and from the family Termitidae. We describe Bulbitermes 4 spp. and Nasutitermes 4 spp. from new field collections. Where possible we examine original holotype specimens, and describe the essential morphological characters for soldier and worker castes. We devise two new bifurcating keys to guide the field identification of each species. In addition, we develop a nucleotide sequence profile for the COI gene. From this molecular character matrix, we use Neighbour-Joining analysis to test the monophyly of each morphospecies and genus. We find that the morphological and molecular characters are highly concordant, whereby all taxa appear to represent distinct molecular clades. For termites, there is therefore agreement between the morphological taxonomic characters used to sort species from a bifurcating key and the molecular taxonomic characters used to sort species on a bifurcating tree. This joint analysis suggests that DNA barcoding holds considerable promise for termite taxonomy, especially for diverse clades like Bulbitermes and Nasutitermes for which a global morphological key would be intractable.     

What can biological barcoding do for marine biology?

The idea of using nucleotide sequences as barcodes for species identification has stirred up debates in the community of taxonomists and systematists. We argue that barcodes are potentially extremely useful tools for taxonomy for several reasons. Barcodes may, for example, help to identify cryptic and polymorphic species and give means to associate life history stages of unknown identity. Barcode systems would thus be particularly helpful in cases when morphology is ambiguous or uninformative and would provide tools for higher taxonomic resolution of disparate life forms. Comparative analysis of short DNA sequences may also represent heuristic access cards to a deeper understanding of evolutionary relationships between organisms. However, barcodes are the “essence” of species identities no more than taxonomic holotypes are “the species”. It makes no sense to think that morphology and other biological information about organisms can be made obsolete by barcode systems. The biological significance of matching or diverging nucleotide sequences will still have to be the subject of taxonomic decisions that must be open for scrutiny. It is imperative, therefore, that barcodes are associated with specimen vouchers.     

A review of Cyclidiinae from China (Lepidoptera,Drepanidae)

The subfamily Cyclidiinae from China is reviewed: two genera and seven species are reported from China. One new subspecies, Cyclidiafractifasciataindistinctasubsp. n., is described. Two new synonyms are established: Cyclidiasubstigmaria (Hübner, 1831) (= Cyclidiasubstigmariabrunna Chu & Wang, 1987, syn. n. = Cyclidiatetraspota Chu & Wang, 1987, syn. n.). One misidentification in Chu & Wang (1987) is corrected. Identification keys and diagnoses for all discussed Chinese species are provided. External features and genitalia are depicted. In addition, results of DNA barcoding for five taxa of Cyclidia are briefly discussed.     

DNA barcoding of endangered Indian Paphiopedilum species

The indiscriminate collections of Paphiopedilum species from the wild for their exotic ornamental flowers have rendered these plants endangered. Although the trade of these endangered species from the wild is strictly forbidden, it continues unabated in one or other forms that elude the current identification methods. DNA barcoding that offers identification of a species even if only a small fragment of the organism at any stage of development is available could be of great utility in scrutinizing the illegal trade of both endangered plant and animal species. Therefore, this study was undertaken to develop DNA barcodes of Indian species of Paphiopedilum along with their three natural hybrids using loci from both the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. The five loci tested for their potential as effective barcodes were RNA polymerase-β subunit (rpoB), RNA polymerase-β' subunit (rpoC1), Rubisco large subunit (rbcL) and maturase K (matK) from the chloroplast genome and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) from the nuclear genome. The intra- and inter-specific divergence values and species discrimination rates were calculated by Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) method using mega 4.0. The matK with 0.9% average inter-specific divergence value yielded 100% species resolution, thus could distinguish all the eight species of Paphiopedilum unequivocally. The species identification capability of these sequences was further confirmed as each of the matK sequences was found to be unique for the species when a blast analysis of these sequences was carried out on NCBI. nrITS, although had 4.4% average inter-specific divergence value, afforded only 50% species resolution. DNA barcodes of the three hybrids also reflected their parentage.