mhbR和mhbT基因移码突变对3-羟基苯甲酸代谢的影响*

Klebsiellapneumoniae M5a1菌株能以 3 羟基苯甲酸作为唯一碳源和能源生长 ,编码分解代谢 3 羟基苯甲酸的基因被克隆至一 8kb的DNA片段上 (pBSI质粒 ) ,含有该质粒的大肠杆菌获得了以 3 羟基苯甲酸作为唯一碳源和能源生长的能力。经测序并与GenBank中的已知基因产物进行氨基酸同源性比较后 ,发现其中的mhbR与转录调节基因和mhbT与底物转运基因具有较高同源性 ,推断可能具有相应的功能。含有mhbR的移码突变子或     

利用微藻固定CO2实现碳减排的研究进展

CO2减排是目前社会经济发展所面临的重大环境问题之一,如何高效、绿色地进行减排已成为各国科研工作者关注与研究的热点。利用微藻技术进行减排符合碳循环规律,显示出很好的应用前景。本文结合笔者近年在利用微藻技术进行碳减排方面的研究工作,从固定CO2的微藻选育、微藻的培养、微藻减排在光生物反应器方面的开发以及CO2减排与污水深度处理及高价值生物质生产的耦合等4个方面对近些年来国内外在利用微藻技术实现CO2减排方面的研究情况进行了归纳与评述,并对前景进行了展望。     

3-苯氧基苯甲酸降解菌的分离及降解特性研究*

从农药厂污泥中分离到一株3-苯氧基苯甲酸(3-Phenoxybenzoicacid,3-PBA)降解菌PBM11。经生理生化试验和16SrDNA测定初步鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonassp·)。PBM11能以3-PBA为唯一碳源生长,降解试验表明:在基础盐培养基中,初始pH7·0,30℃,160r/min,装瓶量为100mL/250mL的条件下,PBM11经过24h可完全降解200mg/L的3-PBA;添加低浓度的外源营养物质能够在一定程度上促进降解;Cu²⁺和     

利用微藻固定烟道气中CO2的实验研究

为获得能适合于烟道气条件下生长的微藻,找到一种高效的温室气体固定的方法,利用配置烟道气(CO₂和O₂的浓度分别为15%和2%)驯化稻田微藻混合试样,分离出对高浓度CO₂条件有很强适应力的微藻ZY-1,并研究了在不同培养条件下微藻ZY-1的生长情况.微藻ZY-1在CO₂浓度从10%～15%的范围内有较高生长力,在CO₂浓度为10%时,生长最好.微藻ZY-1对温度、气体流速、pH值等物理条件也有很宽的适应范围,在温度为25～30.C、流速为0.25～0.75L·min^-1、pH4～6范围内,生长基本稳定.在培养条件为10%CO₂、25.C、pH5.0时,微藻ZY-1的生长率最高,CO₂的固定率平均值为0.397%.可以认为,利用该藻固定烟道气温室气体具有一定的可行性.     

一株细菌儿茶酚型铁载体分泌的影响因素研究*

采用两种新的高分辨率的薄层层析(TLC)方法对一株土壤细菌S1在3种不同培养基上产生的儿茶酚型铁载体进行了分析。结果表明:不同培养基对铁载体的产生影响较大,在3种不同的培养基上菌株S1产生不同的儿茶酚铁载体,其中仅在1种培养基上S1能够分泌2,3-二羟基苯甲酸(2,3-DHBA)。同时,还分析了A l³⁺对S1分泌的儿茶酚型铁载体总量的影响,结果表明:Al³⁺能显著刺激铁载体的分泌,并且能抵消一定浓度范围内的Fe²⁺对铁载体分泌的抑制作用,     

不同微生物的α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶的生理生化特性的研究*

分析测定了不同微生物的α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶（ＡＬＤＣ）酶活力,结果表明不同来源的ＡＬＤＣ酶活力有较大差异,酶反应速度曲线存在明显差异;酶反应体系的ｐＨ对ＡＬＤＣ酶活力有明显的影响,如乳酸乳球菌的ＡＬＤＣ酶反应最适ｐＨ为６．６,而产气气杆菌的ＡＬＤＣ酶反应的最适ｐＨ为５．８;酶反应体系中加入不同浓度的亮氨酸、缬氨酸和异亮氨酸对不同来源的ＡＬＤＣ酶活性有较明显的影响。     

枯草芽孢杆菌α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因的克隆及表达*

利用鸟枪法构建了供体菌的基因组文库,通过VP反应显色法进行筛选,从约7000个转化子中选出携带ALDC基因的重组质粒（pBG4～pBG5）．绘制了pBG4插入片段的限制酶图谱．Southern杂交证明该外源片段来源于供体菌。酶活性测定结果表明ALDC基因在大肠杆菌中获得了表达,为构建带有ALDC的啤酒酵母工程菌奠定了基础．     

3-甾酮-Δ1-脱氢酶突变体文库高通量筛选方法的建立

[目的]建立一种快速、高通量筛选3-甾酮-Δ¹-脱氢酶(KstD)突变体库的方法。[方法]基于已发表KstD蛋白晶体结构,设计饱和突变引物,构建突变体文库,优化蛋白表达条件,利用冻融法结合溶菌酶法获得粗酶液;基于分光光度法原理,优化检测反应体系,利用酶标仪检测吸光度的变化来反映酶活力。[结果]利用饱和突变引物成功构建突变体文库,表达KstD最佳条件为：IPTG终浓度0.3 mmol/L,20℃诱导20 h;缓冲液中溶菌酶浓度为0.5 mg/mL时上清目的蛋白含量最高。优化后的酶活检测条件为：Tris-HCl缓冲液50 mmol/L、pH 8.0、0.4 mmol/L DCPIP、1.5 mmol/L PMS、0.7 mmol/L雄烯二酮(4AD)和适量的酶液组成,温度30℃、酶反应时间5 min,于600 nm波长下测定。[结论]成功建立了一种5 min检测96个3-甾酮-Δ¹-脱氢酶(KstD)突变体的高通量筛选方法,重复性变异系数在3%以下。     

粉红粘帚霉化学成分的研究*

粉红粘帚霉对名贵药用植物金线莲有明显的促生作用 ,为了从物质角度探讨其可能的促生机理 ,对该菌的化学成分进行了初步研究。从该菌的菌丝体中共分离到 5个化合物 ,通过结构解析 ,确定它们是 :化合物 1 ,6 ,2 2 二烯 3 羟基 5 ,8 过氧麦角甾 ;2 ,麦角甾醇 ;3 ,阿拉伯糖醇 ;4,甘露醇 ;另外一个化合物的结构正在鉴定中。     

ε-聚赖氨酸生产菌株的筛选和鉴定*

建立了一种灵敏的ε-PL产生菌高通量的筛选方法。在分离培养基中加入150mg/LK₂Cr₂O₇,以有利于放线菌的富集分离;并添加美蓝染料,利用产碱菌株碱性分泌物和美蓝之间的静电作用而形成独特的透明圈,从而灵敏地筛选得到产碱菌株;利用Dragendorff试剂与生物碱特有的颜色反应从产碱菌株中检出得到46株生物碱产生株;最后对产生物碱的菌株的发酵液进行ε-PL含量分析,确定4株ε-PL产生菌株。对其中一株ε-PL高产菌PL6-3菌株进行形态、     

^14CO2 Fixation and Translocation of Photoassimilates as Selection Criteria of Egyptian Taro Genotypes

The growth characterlstlcs, different physlological parameters, photosynthetic activity （^14CO2 fixation）, and the translocatlon rate of photoassimllates In different taro （Colocasia esculenta L. Schott） genotypes was studled In order to determlne the posslble use of these parameters as selectlon crlterla for dlfferent wldely used genotypes of taro （Delta No. 9, 15, 20, 21, and balady）. The results obtalned suggest that Delta No. 21 shows the most slgnlflcant increase In all parameters tested compared wlth the control （balady）, followed by Delta No. 9, 15, and 20, respectively. The results show a positive correlation between photosynthetlc actlvlty, translocatlon efflclency, and total yield. The selected clone Delta No. 21 Is recommended for cultlvatlon In the delta reglon of Egypt.     

Modulation of Retinal Aromatic l-Amino Acid Decarboxylase via α2 Adrenoceptors

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) activity of the rat retina increases when animals are placed in a lighted environment from the dark. The rise of activity can be inhibited by administering alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists. In the dark, the enzyme activity can be made to increase by administering alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonist drugs. Kinetic analysis indicates that the maximum velocity of the enzyme increases with little change of the Km for the substrate L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine or the cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. The rise of activity in the light and in the dark after alpha 2 antagonists can be blocked by administering cycloheximide, suggesting that protein synthesis is needed for the response. We speculate that epinephrine released in the dark from a subpopulation of retinal amacrine cells onto alpha 2 receptors suppresses AAAD activity that is associated with dopaminergic amacrines.     

CO2 浓度升高对水稻根系分泌物的影响——总有机碳、甲酸和乙酸含量变化

在大气ＣＯ２浓度升高条件下采用水培方法对水稻根系生长及根系分泌物进行了初步研究,ＣＯ２浓度倍增对水培水稻的根系生长具有明显的促进作用,约为７０％,但是根冠比却有所降低,水稻根系单位干重总有机碳,乙酸以及甲酸的释放量在ＣＯ２浓度倍增条件下变化不明显,但是单株奶系分泌物总量,乙酸以及甲酸的释放总量在ＣＯ２倍增处理下明显增加,推测水稻根系分泌物的增加是高浓度ＣＯ２下稻田ＣＨ４排放增加的重要原因之一。     

CO2和O3浓度倍增及其交互作用对大豆叶绿体超微结构的影响

应用透射电镜观察了模拟大气CO2和O3浓度倍增及其交互作用(开顶箱法)对大豆叶肉细胞叶绿体超微结构的影响。结果表明,CO2浓度倍增促进了大豆叶绿体的发育,内含淀粉粒积累明显增多、体积增大;叶绿体被膜保持完好;叶绿体基粒片层排列整齐,而O3浓度倍增抑制了叶绿体内淀粉粒的累积,并导致叶绿体被膜破碎,片层解体,严重地破坏了叶绿体的结构和功能CO2和O3浓度倍增的交互作用对叶绿体超微结构有不同程度的破坏,但二者浓度呈梯度增加对叶绿体的损害作用要大于二者浓度持续倍增对叶绿体的影响,进一步表明CO2正效应对O3负效应的补偿作用。     

Heterotrophic (Dark) CO2 Fixation by Euglena gracilis. Possible regulation by tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates

SYNOPSIS. Heterotrophic (dark) CO₂ fixation by Euglena gracilis strain Z varies with phase of batch culture and mode of nutrition. Dark CO₂ fixation increased transiently during the growth of cells under photoautotrophic (CO₂, light) and heterotrophic (glucose, dark) conditions. Cells grown heterotrophically with acetate or ethanol had no transient increase in fixation. The addition of acetate to a heterotrophically growing culture during the period of increasing dark CO₂ fixation resulted in rapid elimination of this fixation. The results suggest that dark CO₂ fixation in Euglena functions in anaplerotic feeding of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, drained by biosyntheses during growth. Induction of the glyoxylate cycle by acetate may provide an alternate source of tricarboxylic cycle intermediates, obviating the requirement for dark CO₂ fixation as a source of the intermediates.     

高浓度二氧化碳对植物影响的研究进展

工业革命后全球大气CO2浓度持续上升,不仅对全球气候的变迁产生重大影响,而且对植物的形态、水分利用、蛋白质合成、光合、抗性、生长及生物量等都有不同程度的影响。高浓度CO2促进植物根、幼苗的生长,叶片增厚,降低气孔密度、气孔导度及蒸腾速率,增加水分利用效率、作物的产量及生物量,促进乙烯生物合成,增强植物的抗氧化能力。不同光合途径(C3、C4及CAM)及不同植被类型的植物对高浓度CO2的响应不同。长期和短期的高浓度CO2处理,植物响应方式有很大的差异,如短期高CO2处理使光合能力增强,而长期处理则使光合能力下调。     

水分胁迫对冬小麦叶片CO2／H2O交换参数的影响

Changes of CO2/H2O exchange parameters were continually measuredin winter wheat under different water stress stages.The results showed that photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate of winter wheat in water stress conditions were obviously lower than that in non-stress conditions.After water stress,both of them slowly increased and even overtook that on sufficient irrigation treatment. Responses of winter wheat to water stress in different growth stages were different.To some extent, water stress can improve crop water use efficiency,speed up the process of milking.Under water stress condition,stomatal conductance limited diurnal changes of photosynthesis and transpiration in the morning but not in the afternoon.Transpiration is more sensitive to water stress than photosynthesis.     

Elevated CO2 stimulates associative N2 fixation in a C3 plant of the Chesapeake Bay wetland

In this study, the response of N₂ fixation to elevated CO₂ was measured in Scirpus olneyi, a C₃ sedge, and Spartina patens, a C₄ grass, using acetylene reduction assay and ¹⁵N₂ gas feeding. Field plants grown in PVC tubes (25 cm long, 10 cm internal diameter) were used. Exposure to elevated CO₂ significantly (P < 0·05) caused a 35% increase in nitrogenase activity and 73% increase in ¹⁵N incorporated by Scirpus olneyi. In Spartina patens, elevated CO₂ (660 ± 1 μ mol mol ^{− 1}) increased nitrogenase activity and ¹⁵N incorporation by 13 and 23%, respectively. Estimates showed that the rate of N₂ fixation in Scirpus olneyi under elevated CO₂ was 611 ± 75 ng ¹⁵N fixed plant ^{− 1} h ^{− 1} compared with 367 ± 46 ng ¹⁵N fixed plant ^{− 1} h ^{− 1} in ambient CO₂ plants. In Spartina patens, however, the rate of N₂ fixation was 12·5 ± 1·1 versus 9·8 ± 1·3 ng ¹⁵N fixed plant ^{− 1} h ^{− 1} for elevated and ambient CO₂, respectively. Heterotrophic non-symbiotic N₂ fixation in plant-free marsh sediment also increased significantly (P < 0·05) with elevated CO₂. The proportional increase in ¹⁵N₂ fixation correlated with the relative stimulation of photosynthesis, in that N₂ fixation was high in the C₃ plant in which photosynthesis was also high, and lower in the C₄ plant in which photosynthesis was relatively less stimulated by growth in elevated CO₂. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that carbon fixation in C₃ species, stimulated by rising CO₂, is likely to provide additional carbon to endophytic and below-ground microbial processes.     

CO2排放控制的动态宏观经济模拟分析

以 Nordhaus- Pizer模型和 L eimbach模型为基础 ,在新经济增长理论框架下 ,发展了一个气候保护分析的宏观经济动态模型 ,模拟分析了不同削减水平下我国温室气体排放的对我国 GDP增长和社会福利的影响 ,数值模拟发现 :如果不推动减排 ,我国经济增长到 2 0 2 5年左右将失去优势。如果中国适当参加减排 ,采用每年控制少排放 0 .2 %的水平 ,到 2 0 5 0年相对不控制将少排放 1 0 % ,对中国经济发展最为有利 ,对全球气候保护也是一个贡献