CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and natural variation analysis demonstrate the potential for HvARE1 in improvement of nitrogen use efficiency in barley

Nitrogen is a major determinant of grain yield and quality. As excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer leads to environmental pollution and high production costs, improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is fundamental for a sustainable agriculture. Here, we dissected the role of the barley abnormal cytokinin response1 repressor 1 (HvARE1) gene, a candidate for involvement in NUE previously identified in a genome-wide association study, through natural variation analysis and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated gene editing. HvARE1 was predominantly expressed in leaves and shoots, with very low expression in roots under low nitrogen conditions. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of immature embryos (cv. Golden Promise) with single guide RNAs targeting HvARE1 generated 22 T₀ plants, from which four T₁ lines harbored missense and/or frameshift mutations based on genotyping. Mutant are1 lines exhibited an increase in plant height, tiller number, grain protein content, and yield. Moreover, we observed a 1.5- to 2.8-fold increase in total chlorophyll content in the flag leaf at the grain filling stage. Delayed senescence by 10–14 d was also observed in mutant lines. Barley are1 mutants had high nitrogen content in shoots under low nitrogen conditions. These findings demonstrate the potential of ARE1 in NUE improvement in barley.     

我国农牧交错区耕作方式与施氮量对小麦氮素利用的影响

在我国内蒙古自治区赤峰市农牧交错区研究了不同耕作方式及不同施氮量对小麦氮肥吸收利用和产量的影响.结果表明：长期实施保护性耕作使小麦对氮素的利用率提高3%～4%,减轻氮肥对农田环境的污染;保护性耕作有利于促进小麦对氮素的吸收,提高小麦产量.当施氮量由120 kg·hm^-2增加到360 kg·hm^-2时,小麦对氮素的吸收利用由36.5%降低为26%;氮素损失增加约5%,对应的氮素损失量则从60 kg·hm^-2增加到约200 kg·hm^-2,对环境的污染明显增加.小麦对上季残留氮素的利用受耕作方式影响较小,受上季施氮量影响较大,总体趋势为施氮量越高,小麦利用率越低,损失越多.经过两季小麦种植后,小麦-土壤系统回收的总氮素比例约为44%～50%,其中土壤残留氮素约占施氮量的13%～18%.     

Soybean AP1 homologs control flowering time and plant height

Flowering time and plant height are key agronomic traits that directly affect soybean (Glycine max) yield. APETALA1 (AP1) functions as a class A gene in the ABCE model for floral organ development, helping to specify carpel, stamen, petal, and sepal identities. There are four AP1 homologs in soybean, all of which are mainly expressed in the shoot apex. Here, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) – CRISPR‐associated protein 9 technology to generate a homozygous quadruple mutant, gmap1, with loss‐of‐function mutations in all four GmAP1 genes. Under short‐day (SD) conditions, the gmap1 quadruple mutant exhibited delayed flowering, changes in flower morphology, and increased node number and internode length, resulting in plants that were taller than the wild type. Conversely, overexpression of GmAP1a resulted in early flowering and reduced plant height compared to the wild type under SD conditions. The gmap1 mutant and the overexpression lines also exhibited altered expression of several genes related to flowering and gibberellic acid metabolism, thereby providing insight into the role of GmAP1 in the regulatory networks controlling flowering time and plant height in soybean. Increased node number is the trait with the most promise for enhancing soybean pod number and grain yield. Therefore, the mutant alleles of the four AP1 homologs described here will be invaluable for molecular breeding of improved soybean yield.     

长期施肥黄绵土有效磷含量演变及其与磷素平衡和作物产量的关系

土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)含量的变化过程及其与土壤磷素平衡和作物产量的关系是科学推荐施磷的基础.本文通过设置于黄土高原黄绵土区持续34年(1981—2015)的长期定位试验,研究了长期不同施肥处理对作物磷素携出量、土壤磷素平衡、土壤Olsen-P含量的影响及其演变过程,同时对土壤Olsen-P含量与磷素平衡和作物籽粒产量的相关关系进行了分析.试验采用裂区设计,主处理为施用有机肥(M)和不施用有机肥,副处理为不施化肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、氮磷肥配合施用(NP)和氮磷钾肥配合施用(NPK).结果表明: 不同施肥处理和作物类型对磷素携出量和磷素平衡都有显著影响.CK、N、NP、NPK、M、MN、MNP 和MNPK处理小麦的磷素携出量多年平均值为8.63、10.64、16.22、16.21、16.25、17.83、20.39、20.27 kg·hm^-2,而油菜为4.40、8.38、15.08、15.71、10.52、11.23、17.96、17.66 kg·hm^-2,小麦的携出量略高于油菜.土壤磷素盈亏量与磷素投入量呈显著正相关,土壤磷素盈余为零,种植小麦的最小土壤磷素投入量为10.47 kg·hm^-2,而油菜为6.97 kg·hm^-2.土壤磷素盈亏量显著影响土壤有效磷的变化过程.长期不施磷的CK和N处理,土壤有效磷含量随试验年限延长而逐渐降低,年均分别降低0.16和0.15 mg·kg^-1,而NP、NPK、M、MN、MNP和MNPK处理土壤有效磷含量随试验年限的延续而逐渐增加,年均增幅在0.02～0.33 mg·kg^-1.土壤磷素累积盈亏量与土壤有效磷含量间存在显著的正相关关系,不施用有机肥和施有机肥处理可分别用线性模型y=0.012x+9.33和y=0.009x+11.72显著拟合.不施有机肥处理小麦籽粒产量与土壤有效磷含量呈显著正相关,而施有机肥处理两者间的相关性不明显,两者的小麦籽粒产量和土壤有效磷含量可以用线性分段模型拟合.小麦土壤有效磷农学阈值为14.99 kg·hm^-2,油菜籽粒产量虽随土壤速效磷含量增加呈增加的趋势,但相关性不显著,表明在黄土高原黄绵土区,当土壤有效磷含量高于14.99 mg·kg^-1时,种植小麦应减少磷肥施用量或不施磷肥.     

有机无机肥配施对旱地冬小麦产量和硝态氮残留淋失的影响

针对渭北旱塬氮肥施用不合理的问题,通过不同氮肥用量(0、75、150、225、300 kg N·hm^-2)与有机肥(30 t·hm^-2)配施,明确渭北旱塬麦田配施有机肥条件下合理的氮肥用量以及配施有机肥的减氮增产作用和对硝态氮残留淋失的影响.结果表明: 与单施化肥处理相比,有机无机肥配施可以在减少27.1%的氮肥用量情况下,提高14.7%的小麦籽粒产量,其中,施氮量150 kg·hm^-2配施有机肥处理的产量最高;有机无机肥配施可以促进小麦籽粒氮素吸收,氮肥利用率提高20.2%,尤其当氮肥用量为150 kg·hm^-2时,氮肥利用率达到最高值(42.0%);配施有机肥还能减少氮肥当季残留量和小麦生育期硝态氮向深层土壤淋溶,降低夏闲期淋失层硝态氮的淋失比例,当施氮量低于115 kg·hm^-2时,配施有机肥可以降低夏闲期硝态氮淋失量.基于本研究,推荐渭北旱塬在配施有机肥30 t·hm^-2的基础上,氮肥用量150 kg·hm^-2左右可实现小麦高产,提高氮肥利用率,防止氮肥过量残留.     

Development and field performance of nitrogen use efficient rice lines for Africa

Nitrogen (N) fertilizers are a major input cost in rice production, and its excess application leads to major environmental pollution. Development of rice varieties with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is essential for sustainable agriculture. Here, we report the results of field evaluations of marker‐free transgenic NERICA4 (New Rice for Africa 4) rice lines overexpressing barley alanine amino transferase (HvAlaAT) under the control of a rice stress‐inducible promoter (pOsAnt1). Field evaluations over three growing seasons and two rice growing ecologies (lowland and upland) revealed that grain yield of pOsAnt1:HvAlaAT transgenic events was significantly higher than sibling nulls and wild‐type controls under different N application rates. Our field results clearly demonstrated that this genetic modification can significantly increase the dry biomass and grain yield compared to controls under limited N supply. Increased yield in transgenic events was correlated with increased tiller and panicle number in the field, and evidence of early establishment of a vigorous root system in hydroponic growth. Our results suggest that expression of the HvAlaAT gene can improve NUE in rice without causing undesirable growth phenotypes. The NUE technology described in this article has the potential to significantly reduce the need for N fertilizer and simultaneously improve food security, augment farm economics and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the rice ecosystem.     

Chlorophyll a fluorescence during flag leaf senescence of field-grown winter wheat plants under drought conditions

Improving wheat grain yield plays a significant role in ensuring global food security. Wheat production could be increased by the genetic improvement of wheat genotypes where delayed senescence with enhanced post-anthesis capacity and staygreen traits could have an important role. In this study, chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) rise kinetics from the early until late senescence of flag leaves, grain yield and other agro-morphological characteristics were compared for three winter wheat advanced lines (Osk.4.312/10-18, Osk.4.330/6-18 and Osk.4.354/12-18) under natural drought conditions. The differences between lines were observed when considering the heading date which was 1 and 4 days earlier for the line Osk.4.354/12-18, than lines Osk.4.312/10-18 and Osk.4.330/6-18, respectively. Furthermore, line Osk.4.354/12-18 had the highest test weight (kg hl⁻¹), while line Osk.4.330/6-18 showed a tendency of decreased grain yield, compared to the other two lines. Analysis of ChlF transients and several JIP-test parameters indicated that all three lines had a generally similar course of changes in the photosynthetic performance of flag leaves during senescence under drought conditions. However, at the point when a decrease in photosynthetic performance was initiated, it was slightly less intensive in line Osk.4.354/12-18 accompanied by longer preservation of functionality and connectivity of PSII units, than in the other two lines, which contributed to its better agronomical performance. These results indicated that even delicate variations in the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of the flag leaf during grain filling were agronomically important, especially when plants were exposed to drought stress, and could be used to differentiate otherwise similar wheat genotypes. Even small genotype-specific differences in the photosynthetic performance of senescing flag leaves, along with earlier heading dates, could assist in the selection of genotypes with a better ability to cope with unfavourable environmental conditions.     

硫氮配施对持绿型小麦氮素运转及叶片衰老的影响

以持绿型小麦品种‘豫麦66号’、‘潍麦8号’及非持绿型品种‘小偃6号’为材料,采用以氮肥为主区硫肥为副区的田间裂区试验,研究了2个施氮水平[纯氮120kg/hm2(N120)、220kg/hm2(N220)]和3个施硫水平[纯硫0kg/hm2(S0)、20kg/hm2(S20)、60kg/hm2(S60)]下植株各部位的含氮量、叶片干鲜重及叶片叶绿素含量的变化,探讨硫氮配施对不同类型小麦氮吸收及衰老的影响。结果表明:在相同处理下,持绿型小麦植株的总含氮量、氮素转运量、叶绿素含量、叶片含水量及穗粒数和千粒重均高于非持绿型小麦。N120处理条件下,不同硫肥处理时持绿型小麦与非持绿型小麦变化趋势相同,开花期茎和叶含氮量及叶绿素含量在S60处理下均低于其他2个硫肥处理,生育后期叶片含水量下降幅度也明显高于其他处理;在N220处理条件下,3个品种开花期叶含氮量、收获期总氮累积量、氮收获指数、叶绿素含量及叶片含水量在S60处理下均高于其他2个处理,其中非持绿型小麦在高硫处理条件下灌浆期的叶绿素含量的增长率明显高于持绿型小麦,而灌浆中后期叶片含水量的下降幅度则明显低于持绿型小麦。研究发现,施用硫肥在氮肥不足时会对小麦植株氮素的吸收利用及叶片衰老等方面产生负面影响,但在氮肥充足时却在氮素的吸收利用、延缓叶片衰老及最终籽粒产量和总生物量等方面表现出正面效应;本实验条件下,220kg/hm2左右施氮量和60kg/hm2左右施硫量有利于各品种小麦生长发育和产量提高;高N和高S水平对于延缓小麦的衰老而言,非持绿性小麦比持绿型小麦更明显。     

MiR319-targeted OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb regulate tillering and grain yield in rice

Multiple genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) improve grain yield by promoting tillering. MiR319s are known to regulate several aspects of plant development; however, whether miR319s are essential for tillering regulation remains unclear. Here, we report that miR319 is highly expressed in the basal part of rice plant at different development stages. The miR319 knockdown line Short Tandem Target Mimic 319 (STTM319) showed higher tiller bud length in seedlings under low nitrogen (N) condition and higher tiller bud number under high N condition compared with the miR319a-overexpression line. Through targets prediction, we identified OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb as downstream targets of miR319. Moreover, OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb overexpression lines and STTM319 had increased tiller bud length and biomass, whereas both were decreased in OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb knockout lines and OE319a. These data suggest that miR319 regulates rice tiller bud development and tillering through targeting OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb. Notably, the tiller number and grain yield increased in STTM319 and overexpression lines of OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb but decreased in OE319a and knockout lines of OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb. Taken together, our findings indicate that miR319s negatively affect tiller number and grain yield by targeting OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb, revealing a novel function for miR319 in rice.     

减氮运筹对甘薯光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

光合性能是决定作物产量形成的关键,氮肥的合理施用是调控作物光合特性和产量形成的重要措施.于2016—2017年开展盆栽试验,研究了减氮和施肥方式对甘薯叶片光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.试验以常规习惯基施氮肥100 kg·hm^-2为对照(FP),在常规施氮量的基础上减氮20%,同时设置3种氮肥运筹方式:100%基施(JS)、100%移栽后35 d追施(KS)、50%基施+50%移栽后35 d追施(FS).结果表明:与常规基施氮肥100 kg·hm^-2相比,减氮条件下氮肥全部基施显著降低了全生育期甘薯光合性能,但追施处理显著提高了块根膨大期净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(g_s)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)和叶绿素(Chl a+b)含量.不同处理下,P_n、g_s、C_i和Chl a+b均以50%基施+50%追施处理最高.减氮分施处理甘薯块根膨大期的PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)、光化学淬灭系数(q_P)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)和PSⅡ潜在活性(F_v/F_o) 提高,而初始荧光(F_o)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则降低.氮肥分施通过提高PSⅡ的光化学效率和电子传递速率,降低光能的热耗散,提高了甘薯块根膨大期功能叶的光合速率.2个品种不同年际间表现相同.表明氮肥一次性基施或追施均不利于提高甘薯叶片光合性能.减氮20%水平下,50%基施+50%追施可减缓叶片早衰,延长叶片功能期,提高甘薯的光合生产能力和生物量,有利于产量形成.     

掺混氮肥配施抑制剂对土壤氮库的调控作用

采用冬小麦盆栽试验,探讨掺混氮肥(缓释肥N∶普通尿素N=1∶1)配施氮肥抑制剂NAM对冬小麦土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、微生物生物量氮和固定态铵含量及小麦产量、氮肥利用率的影响,分析不同处理土壤矿质氮库、微生物生物量氮库和固定态铵库的动态变化特征.试验共设6个处理,不施氮肥(CK)、普通尿素(U)、掺混氮肥(MU)、MU+2.5‰NAM(MUN₁)、MU+5‰NAM(MUN₂)和MU+7.5‰NAM(MUN₃).结果表明:与MU处理相比,MUN₂和MUN₃处理推迟了NH₄⁺-N峰值出现的时间;小麦整个生长季,添加NAM处理的土壤矿质氮平均含量比MU处理下降了5.3%～11.7%;分蘖期至抽穗期,MU处理的微生物生物量氮矿化量和矿化率分别为38.96 mg·kg^-1和91.5%,均高于U处理,而MUN₁、MUN₂和MUN₃处理分别为58.73 mg·kg^-1和83.3%、94.20 mg·kg^-1和94.6%、104.46 mg·kg^-1和96.3%,添加NAM处理固定态铵的释放量比MU处理提高了2.83~9.19 mg·kg^-1.通径分析结果显示,与MU处理相比,添加NAM减弱了土壤NH₄⁺-N库对NO₃^--N库的直接影响,增强了固定态铵库通过影响NH₄⁺-N库对NO₃^--N库的间接作用.同时,MUN₁、MUN₂和MUN₃处理的小麦籽粒产量较MU处理分别提高了31.6%、21.5%和22.9%,氮肥利用率分别提高了8.1%、13.5%和3.1%.综上,配施NAM通过对氮素释放及在土壤中转化的双重调控,延迟土壤NH₄⁺-N峰值出现的时间及后续向NO₃^--N的转化,提高微生物生物量氮和固定态铵的供氮作用,从而提高了作物产量和氮肥利用率.     

氮肥减施与配施有机肥对冬小麦土壤线虫群落结构的影响

土壤线虫是指示土壤健康的典型生物之一,为了揭示氮肥减施对土壤健康的影响,以冬小麦土壤为对象,研究了氮肥减施和配施有机肥对拔节期冬小麦土壤线虫群落结构的影响.共设置了6个施肥处理:CF(315 kgN ·hm-2,常规施肥量)、N240 (240 kg N·hm-2)、N210(210 kg N·hm-2)、N180(1...     

有机肥配施氮肥对西北旱地冬小麦产量、品质及土壤生物学特性的影响

在西北旱地冬小麦进行有机肥和化肥配施试验,共设5个处理,有机肥(牛粪,M)施用量30 t·hm^-2,配以不同量的化学氮肥(0、75、150、225、300 kg N·hm^-2,分别用M+N₀、M+N₇₅、M+N₁₅₀、M+N₂₂₅、M+N₃₀₀表示)。试验进行3年后,连续两年(2018、2019年)测定小麦产量、品质和土壤生物学特性。结果表明: 有机肥配施氮肥小麦产量均显著高于单施有机肥的M+N₀处理;M+N₁₅₀、M+N₂₂₅和M+N₃₀₀ 3个处理产量均显著高于M+N₇₅处理,3个处理之间差异不显著。除淀粉含量外,有机肥配施氮肥小麦籽粒粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、延伸性均显著高于M+N₀处理,且M+N₁₅₀、M+N₂₂₅、M+N₃₀₀处理均显著高于M+N₇₅处理,但3个处理之间差异不显著。M+N₁₅₀处理两年的土壤微生物生物量碳氮均最高,显著高于M+N₀、M+N₂₂₅、M+N₃₀₀处理。2018年M+N₁₅₀处理β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)、纤维二糖水解酶(CBH)、L-亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)、β-1,4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性均显著高于其他处理;2019年,除L-亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性外,M+N₁₅₀处理的其他酶活性均显著高于M+N₀和M+N₂₂₅处理。相关分析显示,MBC与MBN呈极显著正相关,MBC、MBN与CBH、NAG、AKP均呈显著正相关,MBN与TN呈显著正相关、与NO₃^-呈显著负相关。综合考虑冬小麦产量、品质、土壤生物学特性等因素,M+N₁₅₀更有利于西北旱地麦田的可持续利用。     

宽幅播种下基本苗密度对小麦旗叶光合特性及叶片和根系衰老的影响

为明确宽幅精播条件下小麦高产高效的适宜基本苗密度,于2018—2019年和2019—2020年在山东兖州大田试验条件下设置4种基本苗密度处理:90×10⁴株·hm^-2(D₁)、180×10⁴株·hm^-2(D₂)、270×10⁴株·hm^-2(山东高产田常用基本苗密度,D₃)、360×10⁴株·hm^-2(D₄),研究基本苗密度对小麦光合特性、衰老特性以及籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明: 与D₁、D₄处理相比,D₂处理显著改善了灌浆期间小麦旗叶光合特性,提高了旗叶和根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、可溶性蛋白质含量,降低了旗叶和根系丙二醛(MDA)含量,延缓了旗叶和根系衰老;与D₁、D₃、D₄处理相比,D₂处理显著提高了0~40 cm土层小麦根长、根表面积和根体积。2018—2019年和2019—2020年,与D₁、D₃、D₄处理相比,D₂处理的籽粒产量分别提高11.8%、2.5%、6.4%和22.7%、5.7%、17.1%,水分利用效率分别提高9.2%、8.8%、14.2%和21.1%、6.2%、21.5%。综上,基本苗密度为180×10⁴ 株·hm^-2的D₂处理通过提高小麦灌浆期旗叶光合特性,改善小麦根系形态,延缓了植株衰老,籽粒产量和水分利用效率最高,是山东宽幅播种高产麦田的最优处理。     

Identification of Differentially Senescing Mutants of Wheat and Impacts on Yield,Biomass and Nitrogen Partitioning

Increasing photosynthetic capacity by extending canopy longevity during grain filling using slow senescing stay-green genotypes is a possible means to improve yield in wheat.Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS...     

The antioxidative defense system is involved in the delayed senescence in a wheat mutant tasg1

Wheat, which is the most important food crop worldwide, is a cereal that presents considerable potential for increased yield. A new wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mutant tasg1 with delayed leaf senescence was constructed using ethyl methane sulfonate as a mutagen. Natural senescence in tasg1 was distinctly delayed in the field, as indicated by the slower progression of chlorophyll degradation, net photosynthetic rate than its wild type. Further, the malondialdehyde and the hydrogen peroxide content was lower and antioxidative enzyme activity higher in tasg1 than those in its wild type during both natural senescence and methyl viologen-induced oxidative stress. The results suggest that tasg1 is a functional stay-green wheat mutant with the Type B (in which senescence initiates on schedule, but progresses at a rate lower than that in the respective WTs) or Type A (in which senescence initiates late but proceeds at a normal rate) and B combination and that the competence of the antioxidant defense system is one of the most important mechanisms underlying the expression of the stay-green phenotype.     

氮肥运筹对晚播冬小麦氮素和干物质积累与转运的影响

氮素平衡对干物质积累与分配的影响是农业生态系统研究的重要内容,在保障产量前提下减少氮肥施用量可减少环境污染与温室气体排放。以晚播冬小麦为研究对象,设置4个施氮量水平:0 kg/hm2(N0)、168.75 kg/hm2(N1)、225 kg/hm2(N2)、281.25 kg/hm2(N3),每个施氮量水平下设置2个追氮时期处理:拔节期(S1)、拔节期+开花期(S2),研究了氮肥运筹对晚播冬小麦氮素和干物质积累与转运及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:拔节期追施氮肥(S1)条件下,在225 kg/hm2(N2)基础上增施25%氮肥(N3)对开花期氮素积累总量和营养器官氮素转运量无显著影响;拔节期+开花期追施氮肥(S2)条件下,随施氮量增加,开花期氮素积累总量和花后营养器官氮素转运量升高;S2较S1显著提高成熟期籽粒及营养器官氮素积累量、花后籽粒氮素积累量及其对籽粒氮素积累的贡献率。同一施氮量条件下,S2较S1提高了成熟期的干物质积累量、开花至成熟阶段干物质积累强度和花后籽粒干物质积累量。同一追氮时期条件下,籽粒产量N2与N3无显著差异,氮肥偏生产力随施氮量增加而降低;同一施氮量条件下,S2较S1提高了晚播冬小麦的籽粒产量和氮肥吸收利用率。拔节期+开花期追施氮肥,总施氮量225kg/hm2为有利于实现晚播冬小麦高产和高效的最优氮肥运筹模式。     

有机氮替代无机氮对旱作全膜双垄沟播玉米产量和水氮利用效率的影响

为了促进黄土高原西部半干旱区水氮高效利用和农业的可持续性生产,探索适宜的有机氮替代无机氮水平,于2016—2018年在甘肃农业大学旱作农业综合实验站进行了3年的大田试验,设置了6个处理:单施化学氮肥不施有机肥(T₁)、有机肥50%替代化学氮肥(T₂)、有机肥37.5%替代化学氮肥(T₃)、有机肥25%替代化学氮肥(T₄)、有机肥12.5%替代化学氮肥(T₅)和不施氮肥对照(CK),研究了有机氮替代无机氮对全膜双垄沟播玉米种植系统产量、经济效益、水氮利用效率的影响.结果表明: 氮肥施用显著增加了玉米产量和水氮利用效率.在200 kg·hm^-2施氮水平下,有机肥氮替代处理在干旱年份表现出明显的增产增效作用;而在丰水年,有机氮替代无机氮处理籽粒产量、水氮利用效率与对照无显著差异.总体来说,与单施化肥相比,50%和37.5%替代处理籽粒产量分别增加15.6%和18.2%,收获指数分别增加35.1%和27.0%;水分利用效率、降水利用效率、氮肥农学利用效率和偏生产力分别增加17.4%、15.7%、15.6%、155.2%和22.3%、17.7%、18.0%、179.3%.表明在相等的总氮量投入下,50%和37.5%是该地区全膜双垄沟播玉米有机氮替代无机氮的适宜水平,建议在生产中推广应用.