共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 667 毫秒
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开花时间是植物的重要生活史性状。对模式植物的研究表明: 从感受内外环境信号开始到最终分化形成功能性花器官的过程涉及复杂的信号转导途径和调控网络; 开花时间受多种因子的调控, 而FT基因作为整合途径成分起到非常关键的作用。植物的花期变异在物种、群体和个体水平上具有复杂的自然变异模式, 且不同植物的花期变异随全球环境变化而具有不同的变异趋势。植物个体之间通过传粉进行的基因交流需要功能性开花时间的一致或重叠, 而花期变异会导致群体之间或群体内部亚群体之间的基因流障碍和遗传分化, 并可能导致邻域或同域的物种形成。该文分析了植物花期变异与群体遗传分化的关系, 认为决定开花时间的基因在物种分化中可能起到关键的作用, 而对开花时间自然变异模式的研究对于揭示晚近分化快速辐射物种的进化模式具有重要意义。 相似文献
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光照是影响植物生长发育的重要环境因子, 开花是高等植物生活史上最重要的事件。植物通过光受体感知外界环境中的光照变化, 激活一系列信号转导过程从而适时开花。该文介绍了高等植物光受体的种类、结构特征和生理功能的研究进展, 并系统阐述了红光/远红光受体光敏色素、蓝光受体隐花色素以及FKF1/ZTL/LKP2等介导光信号调控植物开花的分子机制, 包括光受体对CO转录及转录后水平调控和对FT转录水平的调控等。此外, 还介绍了光受体整合光信号与温度和赤霉素等信号调控植物开花的研究进展, 并展望了未来的研究方向。 相似文献
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植物从营养生长到生殖生长的转变是开花发育的关键,在合适的时间开花对植物的生长和繁衍极为重要,植物开花时间的调控对农业生产发展意义重大。植物开花是由遗传因子和环境因子协同调节的一个复杂过程。近年来,对不同植物开花调控的研究,特别是对模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana(L.) Heynh.)的开花调控研究取得了显著进展,已探明开花时间分子调控的6条主要途径分别是光周期途径、春化途径、自主途径、温度途径、赤霉素途径和年龄途径。各遗传调控途径既相互独立又相互联系,构成一个复杂的开花调控网络。本文综述了模式植物拟南芥开花时间调控分子机制相关研究的最新进展,并对未来的研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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植物开花时间: 自然变异与遗传分化 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
开花时间是植物的重要生活史性状。对模式植物的研究表明: 从感受内外环境信号开始到最终分化形成功能性花器官的过程涉及复杂的信号转导途径和调控网络; 开花时间受多种因子的调控, 而FT基因作为整合途径成分起到非常关键的作用。植物的花期变异在物种、群体和个体水平上具有复杂的自然变异模式, 且不同植物的花期变异随全球环境变化而具有不同的变异趋势。植物个体之间通过传粉进行的基因交流需要功能性开花时间的一致或重叠, 而花期变异会导致群体之间或群体内部亚群体之间的基因流障碍和遗传分化, 并可能导致邻域或同域的物种形成。该文分析了植物花期变异与群体遗传分化的关系, 认为决定开花时间的基因在物种分化中可能起到关键的作用, 而对开花时间自然变异模式的研究对于揭示晚近分化快速辐射物种的进化模式具有重要意义。 相似文献
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水稻开花光周期调控相关基因研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水稻开花调控是一个极其复杂的生命过程,由自身遗传因素和外界环境共同决定。光周期途径是调控水稻开花的关键途径,在这个途径中成花素基因Hd3a和RTF1处于核心地位,其上游调控途径主要包括Hd1依赖途径、Ehd1依赖途径及不依赖于Hd1和Ehd1的途径。这3条途径在汇集了光信号的各种信息后,将信号在Hd3a和RTF1处整合,并通过成花素形式将信息传递给下游开花基因,调控水稻开花。本文从成花素、光信号感受基因和昼夜节律基因、成花素上游调控基因、互作蛋白和下游调控基因等几方面阐述水稻开花光周期调控相关基因的研究现状,为水稻开花调控的深入研究提供参考。 相似文献
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拟南芥开花时间调控的研究进展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
调控开花时间是大多数植物由营养生长向生殖生长转化的一个重要生长发育过程.影响拟南芥开花时间的因素有很多,其中光照和温度是两个主要的外部因素,而赤霉素(GA)和一些自主性因子是主要的内部因素.目前,一般按照对以上因素的反应将晚花突变体归于四条开花调控途径:光周期途径、春化途径、自主途径和GA途径.在不断变化的外部环境条件和内部生理条件下,这些途径通过一些主要的整合基因如SOC1、FT、LFY等实现了对拟南芥开花时间的精确调控. 相似文献
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Aims Flowering time has been suggested to be an important adaptive trait during the dispersal of invasive species, and identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying flowering time may provide insight into the local adaptation during the process of invasion. Here, we conducted a preliminary exploration on the genetic basis of the differentiation of flowering time in Ambrosia artemisiifolia .Methods Using relative real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we investigated the expression levels of eight flowering-related genes, including AP1, FT, SOC1, CRY2, FKF1, GI, CO2 and SPY, in leaves and flowers at different time points in individuals from northern Beijing and southern Wuhan populations that exhibit significant differences in flowering times to identify any rhythmic changes in gene expression and their association with differential flowering times.Important findings The differentiation of flowering time in the A. artemisiifolia populations was closely associated with five genes involved in flowering pathways. The floral pathway integrators FT and SOC1 and floral meristem identity gene AP1 exhibited increased expression during flowering. The photoreceptor CRY2 in the light-dependent pathway and the SPY gene in the gibberellin pathway displayed specific expression patterns over time. In earlier-flowering Beijing plants, CRY2 expression was lower and SPY expression was higher than in Wuhan plants. The expression patterns of these five genes suggest a molecular basis for the differentiation of flowering time in A. artemisiifolia . 相似文献
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Recent phylogenetic evidence suggests that the extraordinary diversity of the Cape Floristic Kingdom in South Africa may be the result of widespread evolutionary radiation. Our understanding of the role of adaptive versus neutral processes in these radiations remains largely speculative. In this study we investigated factors involved in the diversification of Argyroderma, a genus within the most spectacular of the Cape radiations, that of the Ruschioid subfamily of the Aizoaceae. We used amplified fragment length polymorphisms and a suite of morphological traits to elucidate patterns of differentiation within and between species of Argyroderma across the range of the genus. We then used a matrix correlation approach to assess the influence of landscape structure, edaphic gradients, and flowering phenology on phenotypic and neutral genetic divergence in the system. We found evidence for strong spatial genetic isolation at all taxonomic levels. In addition, genetic differentiation occurs along a temporal axis, between sympatric species with divergent flowering times. Morphological differentiation, which previous studies suggest is adaptive, occurs along a habitat axis, between populations occupying different edaphic microenvironments. Morphological differentiation is in turn significantly associated with flowering time shifts. Thus we propose that diversification within Argyroderma has occurred through a process of adaptive speciation in allopatry. Spatially isolated populations diverge phenotypically in response to divergent habitat selection, which in turn leads to the evolution of reproductive isolation through divergence of flowering phenologies, perhaps as a correlated response to morphological divergence. Evidence suggests that diversification of the group has proceeded in two phases: the first involving divergence of allopatric taxa on varied microhabitats within a novel habitat type (the quartz gravel plains), and the second involving range expansion of an early flowering phenotype on the most extreme edaphic habitat and subsequent incomplete differentiation of allopatric populations of the early flowering group. These results point to adaptive speciation in allopatry as a likely model for the spectacular diversification of the ice-plant family in the dissected landscapes of the southern African winter rainfall deserts. 相似文献
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高等植物开花时程的基因调控(Ⅰ) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
高等植物从营养生长向生殖生长及发育转变的时程具有重要意义,但是了解得很少。近6年来利用分子遗传学方法详细地分析了拟南芥中的这一转变的时程变化,为高等植物开花时程的基因调控提供了一个很好的模式。有关早期或晚期开花表现型的大量突变体及遗传变异得到了阐述。这里谈到的表现型对影响开花转变的环境及内部因子的控制有重大作用。通过分子生物学、遗传学和生理学分析已经鉴定了参与此过程的不同组分,如光识别和昼夜节律(circadian rhythm)因子。另外,通过克隆某些花诱导基因及其相应的靶基因已经对参与开花信号转导途径(signal transduction pathway)的相关因子进行了系统的鉴定,这些开创性工作大大促进了高等植物开花时程的基因表达调控研究及其机理的阐明。本实验室在以黄瓜、新红宝西瓜、西葫芦为材料所获得的部分结果基础上,主要以近六年来在拟南芥方面获得的进展为依据,对高等植物开花时程的基因调控作一系统的总结,并对其开花时程基因调控的机理提出可能的作用理论模型。 相似文献
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Although the molecular basis of flowering time control is well dissected in the long day (LD) plant Arabidopsis, it is still largely unknown in the short day (SD) plant rice. Rice flowering time (heading date) is an important agronomic trait for season adaption and grain yield, which is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. During the last decade, as the nature of florigen was identified, notable progress has been made on exploration how florigen gene expression is genetically controlled. In Arabidopsis expression of certain key flowering integrators such as FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) are also epigenetically regulated by various chromatin modifications, however, very little is known in rice on this aspect until very recently. This review summarized the advances of both genetic networks and chromatin modifications in rice flowering time control, attempting to give a complete view of the genetic and epigenetic architecture in complex network of rice flowering pathways. 相似文献
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Plants show remarkable developmental plasticity to survive in a continually changing environment. One example is their capability
to adjust flowering time in response to environmental changes. Ambient growth temperature, which is strongly affected by global
temperature changes, has a profound effect on flowering time. However, those effects have been largely ignored in research.
Recent molecular genetic studies ofArabidopsis as a model system have implicated several genes, and have identified a molecular mechanism underlying the responses of plants
to changes in ambient temperature. Here, we describe recent discoveries related to ambient temperature signaling and the control
of flowering time inArabidopsis. We also discuss current perspectives on how plants sense and respond to such changes. 相似文献
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Roshi Shrestha Jorge Gómez-Ariza Vittoria Brambilla Fabio Fornara 《Annals of botany》2014,114(7):1445-1458