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1.
The modulating effects of the E and F series prostaglandins upon the cAMP and cortisol output of normal human adrenal dice were evaluated with time and compared to the effects of ACTH. PGE1 and PGE2 significantly increased human adrenal cAMP levels; cortisol output increased in a dose related manner. Although the cortisol levels produced by E prostaglandins and ACTH were quantitatively similar, on a molar basis ACTH was greater than 106 fold more effective. PGE1α, PGF2α, PGF1β and PGF2β depressed adrenal cAMP, except PGF2α and PGF2β at 100 μg/ml. PGF1α and PGF2α depressed cortisol levels at all doses. Similarly, PGF1β and PGF2β also depressed cortisol output, except PGF2β at 100 μg/ml which was stimulatory. In both series of prostaglandins the temporal responses were dose related in regard to the cyclic nucleotide and steroid alterations. The findings demonstrate the E and F series prostaglandins act antagonistically in respect to cAMP and cortisol output. In addition, as the cAMP level and cortisol output are not always correlated, it appears that these prostaglandin mediated events are separable. The relationship between adrenal prostaglandins and cyclic nucleotides, therefore, invites a more sophisticated second messenger concept in terms of adrenocortical function, than currently proposed. 相似文献
2.
Suspensions of dispersed bovine luteal cells prepared by collagenase digestion of luteal tissue specifically bound [3H]Prostaglandin (PG) E1 and [3H]PGF2α. While the number of sites per cell (~ 1.8 × 105) were about the same for both [3H]PGs, the apparent Kds were different: [3H]PGE1 ? 2.4 nM; [3H]PGF2α ? 11 nM. The [3H]PGs binding was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of increasing concentrations of unlabeled PGs. Potency order for inhibition of [3H]PGE1 binding was: PGE2 > PGE1 > PGF2α > PGF1α. The corresponding data for [3H]PGF2α was: PGF2α > PGF1α > PGE2 > PGE1. While [3H]PGE1 and [3H]PGF2α bind to their own receptors with high affinity, their affinities for each other's binding were extremely low. Thus, these results demonstrate that luteal cells, like plasma membranes isolated from luteal tissue, contain receptors for PGEs and PGF2α which are discrete with respect to specificity and affinity. 相似文献
3.
Hiroko Satoh Kyoko Matsukura Reiko Yamada Susumu Satoh 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1981,21(6):973-984
Minced rat renal medulla was incubated for 30 min at 37 °C in the presence of angiotensin, I, II or III (100 ng/ml) to determine the existence of a direct stimulating effect on prostaglandin (PG) production. PGE2, PGF2α, 6-keto PGF1α and Thromboxane B2 (TXB2)_were determined by radioimmunoassay.For analysis of data variance, the results were separated according to whether the net output of PGE2 was above or below 1.5 ng PGE2 equivalent/mg tissue/30 min. Under low-output conditions, angiotensin I, II or III stimulated PGE2 production significantly (p<0.02) and tended to augment PGF2α production, while under high-output conditions no effect on PGE2 or PGF2α production was observed.Under either output condition, angiotensin I, II or III had no effect on 6-keto PGF1α and TXB2. 相似文献
4.
Production of prostaglandins by cells in vitro: radioimmunoassay measurement of the conversion of arachidonic acid to PGE2 and PGF2 alpha 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A specific radioimmunoassay has been applied to the measurement of the conversion of arachidonic acid to PGE2 and PGF2α. PGE2 and PGF2α biosynthesis was linearly related to the amount of arachidonic acid added and was significantly inhibited by indomethacin in concentrations as low as 10?10 M. Sonicated Hela, L, and HEp-2 cells synthesized 244.0, 42.3, and 22.6 ng PGE2 per mg of protein, but made substantially less PGF2α. 相似文献
5.
6.
Fatema B. Almughlliq Yong Q. Koh Hassendrini N. Peiris Kanchan Vaswani Buddhika J. Arachchige Sarah Reed Murray D. Mitchell 《Reproductive biology》2018,18(4):390-396
During endometrial inflammation, bovine endometrium responds by increasing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and eicosanoids. The purpose of this study was to establish and characterize an in vitro model of endometrial inflammation using bovine endometrial epithelial (bEEL) and stromal (bCSC) cell lines. We evaluated the effects of the infectious agent (bacterial lipopolysaccharide; LPS) and pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β and TNFα) on eicosanoid biosynthesis pathway gene expression and production by bEEL and bCSC cells. Based on concentration-response experiments, the optimal concentrations for responses were 1?μg/mL LPS, 10?ng/mL IL-1β and 50?ng/mL TNFα. Real-time PCR results show that there was an upregulation of relative mRNA expression of PTGS2 when bEEL and bCSC were treated with LPS, IL-1β and TNFα. An increase in PTGES3 expression was observed when bEEL cells were treated with LPS and IL-1β and PTGES2 when treated with IL-1β. In bCSC cells, FAAH relative mRNA was decreased upon treatments. Rate of production of PGE2, PGF2α, PGE2-EA and PGF2α-EA were also determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Our results show that eicosanoid production was increased in both cell lines in response to LPS, IL-1β, and TNFα. We suggest that the characteristics of bEEL and bCSC cell lines mimic the physiological responses found in mammals with endometrial infection, making them excellent in vitro models for intrauterine environment studies. 相似文献
7.
L. Hamberger L. Nilsson B. Dennefors I. Khan A. Sjögren 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1979,17(4):615-621
Human corpora lutea of defined ages were excise at operation cut into pieces and incubated in the presence of HCG, PGF2α and PGE2 alone or in combination. Following incubation cAMP formation in tissue and medium was determined. HCG-stimulated tissue cAMP content was most pronounced at a corpus luteum age of 7–10 days after ovulation. This stimulation was antagonized by PGF2α in corpora lutea older than 6 days. PGE2 stimulated cAMP formation and this effect was more pronounced when HCG and PGE2 were combined. A possible role for PGF2α as a luteolytic substance in the human is suggested. 相似文献
8.
Alam Farzad Neal S. Penneys Abdul Ghaffar Vincent A. Ziboh Jean Schlossberg 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1977,14(5):829-837
The biosynthesis of PGE2 and PGF2α was measured in intact peritoneal exudate preparations obtained fom -treated and control C3H mice. Although both the control and stimulated preparations biosynthesized PGF2α and PGE2 from [1–14C] arachidonic acid, the stimulated preparations generated more of both prostaglandins than did nonstimulated preparations, probably as a result of increased synthesis within macrophages. Increased transformation of PGE2 into PGF2α 9-ketoreductase was noted in stimulated preparations when compared to that in control cells. The data suggest that stimulated macrophages are capable of generating increased quantities of PGF2α and therefore might function as one source of this substance in resolving inflammatory reactions. 相似文献
9.
H. Thaler-Dao M. Ramonatxo M. Saintot J. Chaintreuil A.Crastes de Paulet 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1982,24(2):149-163
prostaglandin biosynthesis by uteri of ovariectomized rats and guinea pigs treated or untreated with oestradiol 17 β, administered subsutaneously, was measured by R.I.A. of PGF2α and PGE2. Incubations with [1-14C] arachidonic acid were also performed and labelled metabolites were analyzed by TLC. The main metabolite in rats was 6 keto PGF1α and in decreasing order of magniture, PGF2α and PGE2. In guinea pig PGF2ga was the main product. Ovariectomy in rats completely changed the pattern of synthesized prostanoids: PGI2 production was doubled when compared to cycling rats and PGE2 increased 10 fold. PGF2α walues were similar to the mean value measured during the cycle. OE2 treatment almost completely inhibited PGI2 synthesis and reduced PGE2 by half. Total PG synthesis in OE2 treated animals was decreased by 5 fold when compared to spayed rats. Endogenous PGFsα synthesis was slightly stimulated. In the guinea pig OE2 treatment of ovariectomized animals increased the total synthesis from 50 per cent. PGF2α was always the main metabolite. In conclusion OE2 regulation of uterine PG synthesis is depending on the animal species and cannot be explained by a unique effect on the cyclooxyhenase, but rather by an interplay on the various enzymes of the arachidonic acid cascade. 相似文献
10.
We have tested the action of a catechol oestrogen -2,3,17β- trihydroxy oestra-1,3,5 (10)-triene (2-OH oestradiol) in stimulating prostaglandin (PG) production by an homogenate of rat uterus. Marked and dose dependent stimulation was observed in PGF2α and PGE2 production using 20–250 μM concentrations of catechol oestrogen; a concentration of 250 μM 2-OH oestradiol resulted in a 23 fold increase in PGF2α production with a 50% reduction in the synthesis of 6-keto PGF1α. Tryptophan, catechol and glutathione were without effect on PGF2α and PGE2 production whereas adrenalin stimulated the production of all PGs, although the increase was less than that seen with 2-OH oestradiol. Oestradiol had a slight stimulatory action on PGF2α production which reached a maximum at around 40 μM but had a more marked stimulation of 6-keto PGF1α formation. Stimulation of prostaglandin production by oestradiol and 2-OH oestradiol showed no variation at different stages of the rat oestrous cycle. The use of 5 to 100 mg of tissue/ml gave similar product distribution although the effect of catechol oestrogen both in terms of stimulation of E and F formation (expressed per mg of tissue) and in its action on product distribution was more marked at lower concentrations of tissue. 相似文献
11.
Accumulation of Cyclooxygenase Products of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Gerbil Brain During Reperfusion After Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion 总被引:22,自引:7,他引:15
: Several of the cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid were measured in the cerebral hemispheres of gerbils subjected to transient interruption of the cerebral circulation. The levels of PGD2, PGF2α, PGE2, TXB2, 13,14-H2-15-keto-PGE2, and the stable nonenzymic product of prostacyclin, 6-keto-PGF1α, were not altered at the end of a 5-min period of ischemia. However, the onset of reperfusion was accompanied by a rapid accumulation of these products. Levels were highest during the initial period of reperfusion, then decreased to approach control levels after 120 min. PGD2, PGF2α, and PGE2 were the predominant metabolites detected. This postischemic accumulation of arachidonic acid metabolites could be blocked by prior administration of inhibitors of cyclooxygenase activity. 相似文献
12.
Joseph W. Horodniak Marc Julius John E. Zarembo A. Douglas Bender 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1974,57(2):539-545
A gas-liquid chromatography system has been used to study the effects of indomethacin and aspirin on the biosynthesis of PGE2 and PGF2α by the prostaglandin synthetase system of bovine seminal vesicle. Both compounds were found to inhibit the production of PGE2 and PGF2α. However, based on statistical analyses, the inhibitory effect of indomethacin was found to be non-selective while aspirin produced statistically significant preferential inhibition of PGE2 over PGF2α. 相似文献
13.
The effects of PGF2α and PGE2 on transepithelial urea flux and osmotic water flow were evaluated in toad bladders. Mucosal to serosal urea flux and osmotic water flow were not changed from basal values by the addition of either prostaglandin to the serosal bath. However, treatment with either PGF2α or PGE2 inhibited both urea flux and osmotic water flow in response to ADH stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner. The hydrosmotic response to ADH was more sensitive to prostaglandin inhibition than was urea flux. The inhibitory effect of the prostaglandins on ADH-enhanced urea flux was not dependent upon inhibition of the hydrosmotic response, since both PGF2α and PGE2 decreased urea flux in the absence of a trans-epithelial osmotic gradient. Prostaglandin E2 was a more potent inhibitor than PGE2α of both ADH-enhanced urea flux and osmotic water flow. The PGF2α antagonism of osmotic water flow was apparently competitive, while antagonism of urea flux was apparently non-competitive. The results are consistent with the hypothesis of the existence of a “spare” population of prostaglandin receptors that modulate water flow, but the absence of a “spare” prostaglandin receptor population with respect to the modulation of urea flux. 相似文献
14.
《Insect Biochemistry》1986,16(6):895-902
Prostaglandins (PGs) of the E and F series were quantified in the housefly by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Whole insects and reproductive tissues from both sexes contained PGE(1+2) and PDG2α which increased in amount with age. PGF2α levels were higher than PGE series in extracts of whole male and female insects and in ovaries. Male reproductive tissues contained higher amounts of PGE(1+2) than PGF2α. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analyses of the products formed after injection of arachidonic acid (20:4) and eicosatrienoic acid (20:3, n-6) into male and femal insects demonstrated the conversion of 20:4 to PGF2α and 20:3 to PGF1α. Radiolabeled 20:4 injected into houseflies was rapidly converted to PGE2 and PGF2α. The catabolism of PGE2 was more rapid than PGF2α in males, whereas in females, PGE2 and PGF2α were converted to more polar products at similar rates. Radiolabeled 20:4 injected in the hemolymph was incorporated into the reproductive tracts of male insects. About 2.1% of the total radioactivity from [3H]20:4 injected into males just prior to mating was transferred to females during mating. Thus, PG are formed from 20:4 in male and female houseflies. During mating, 20:4 is transferred from males to females where it can be metabolized to PGF2α. 相似文献
15.
Magne Refsnes G. Hege Thoresen Olav F. Dajani Thoralf Christoffersen 《Journal of cellular physiology》1994,159(1):35-40
Previous data obtained in vivo and in vitro suggest that both prostaglandins (PGs) and catecholamines may have a role in promoting hepatocyte proliferation, and PGE2 and PGFF2α have also been implicated as mediators of the mitogenic actions of epidermal growth factor (EGF) (and transforming growth factor alpha [TGFα]). We have studied the effects of PGs and norepinephrine on DNA synthesis in serum-free primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, and compared the PG effects with those of norepinephrine. PGE2, PGF2α, PGD2, and the synthetic analog dimethyl-PGE2 markedly enhanced the DNA synthesis. A more quantitative analysis of the effects of PGE2 and PGF2α on the DNA synthesis, in the presence and absence of EGF, indicated that these PGs interacted in an essentially multiplicative manner with the effect of EGF. The effects of PGE2 and PGF2α showed almost complete additivity with the stimulation of DNA synthesis produced by maximally effective concentrations of norepinephrine. The data suggest (a) that PGE2 and PGF2α facilitate and synergize with, rather than mediate, the actions of EGF in hepatocytes, and (b) that this effect of the PGs occurs by mechanisms that are at least partly distinct from those of norepinephrine. © 1994 wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
16.
Rodney Ida Austin Lee Jason Huang Dean T. Yamaguchi Maria Luisa Brandi 《Journal of cellular physiology》1994,160(3):585-595
New bone formation is associated with an increase in blood flow by the invasion of capillaries. Endothelial cells that line the capillaries can produce paracrine factors that affect bone growth and development, and in turn, could be affected by products produced by bone cells, in particular the osteoblasts. Since osteoblasts produce prostaglandins E2 and F2α (PGE2, PGF2α), it was investigated if these PGs were agonists to bone-derived endothelial cells (BBE) by assessing changes in cAMP and free cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) second messenger generation. We found that confluent cultures of BBE cells, a clonal endothelial cell line derived from bovine sternal bone, responded to 1 μM PGE2 by an increase in cAMP. PGF2α at the same concentration was less potent in stimulating an increase in cAMP production in confluent BBE cells. Subconfluent cells with a morphology similar to that of fibroblastic cells were not as sensitive to PGE2-stimulated cAMP generation. PGF2α failed to elicit any cAMP production in subconfluent cultures. PGE2 and PGF2α both stimulated an increase in [Ca2+]i concentration in a dose-dependent manner. The potency of PGE2 was similar to that of PGF2α in stimulating an increase in [Ca2+]i. The Ca2+ response was mostly independent of extracellular Ca+, was unchanged even with prior indomethacin treatment, was unaffected by caffeine pretreatment, but was abolished subsequent to thapsigargin pretreatment. The PG-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was also dependent on the confluency of the cells. In a subconfluent state, the responses to PGE2 or PGF2α were either negligible, or only small increases in [Ca2+]i were noted with high concentrations of these two PGs. Consistent, dose-dependent increases in [Ca2+]i were stimulated by these PGs only when the cells were confluent and had a cobblestoned appearance. Since it was previously demonstrated that BBE cells respond to parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the production of cAMP, we tested if bovine PTH(1-34) amide bPTH(1—34) also increased [Ca2+]i in these cells. No change in [Ca2+]i was found in response to bPTH (1—34), although bPTH (1—34) stimulated a nine to tenfold increase in cAMP. We conclude that BBE cells respond to PGE2 and PGF2α but not to bPTH(1—34) by an increase in [Ca2+]i probably secondary to stimulation of phospholipase C and that the cAMP and [Ca2+]i second messenger responses in BBE cells are dependent on the state of confluency of the cells. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
17.
R. K. Kowalski K. Shiba M. Yoshida J. Glogowski 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2008,24(4):487-491
The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of prostaglandins E2 and F2α (PGE2 and PGF2α) in the blood, testis and seminal plasma of mature male rainbow trout and in the ovarian fluid to assess the effects of these prostaglandins on sperm motility parameters when present in activation media. Also prolonged incubation with prostaglandins on sperm motility and calcium influx were studied. The profile of PGE2 and PGF2α differed in concentration between blood, testicular supernatant and seminal plasma. PGE2 was predominant in the blood sample (0.29 ng ml?1) and testicular supernatant (3.1 ng ml?1) whereas their level in seminal plasma was lower than PGF2α (0.23 ng ml?1). The concentrations of PGF2α in blood, testis and seminal plasma were 0.04, 0.99, 1.3 ng ml?1, respectively. In the ovarian fluid the concentrations of both prostaglandins were higher than in the male reproductive tract. Adding both prostaglandins to activation buffer (at concentrations 15 and 70 ng ml?1) had no effect on any CASA parameters. Calcium influx related to rainbow trout sperm incubations with PGE2, and PGF2α was not detected. After 24 h incubation of sperm in artificial seminal plasma solution without and with prostaglandins all sperm samples increased their motility potential and intracellular calcium concentration. Therefore, this effect was not related to the presence of prostaglandins. In summary PGE2, and PGF2α were present in the rainbow trout male reproductive tract, and their profile varies from that of blood, testis and seminal plasma. The specific role of both prostaglandins in salmonid sperm biology remains unclear. 相似文献
18.
Haruhiko Tokuda Osamu Kozawa Atsushi Harada Toshihiko Uematsu 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》1998,69(3):252-259
In previous studies, we have reported that PGF2α stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis by phospholipase C and phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by phospholipase D through heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, and that PGF2α and PGE1 induce interleukin-6 (IL-6) synthesis via activation of protein kinase C and protein kinase A, respectively. In the present study, we investigated the effect of tiludronate, a bisphosphonate known to inhibit bone resorption, on the PGF2α- and PGE1-induced IL-6 synthesis in these cells. Tiludronate significantly suppressed the PGF2α-induced IL-6 secretion in a dose-dependent manner in the range between 0.1 and 30 μM. However, the IL-6 secretion induced by PGE1 or (Bu)2cAMP was hardly affected by tiludronate. The choline formation induced by PGF2α was reduced by tiludronate dose-dependently in the range between 0.1 and 30 μM. On the contrary, tiludronate had no effect on PGF2α-induced formation of inositol phosphates. Tiludronate suppressed the choline formation induced by NaF, known as an activator of heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein. However, tiludronate had little effect on the formation of choline induced by TPA, a protein kinase C activator. Tiludronate significantly inhibited the NaF-induced IL-6 secretion in human osteoblastic osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells. These results strongly suggest that tiludronate inhibits PGF2α-induced IL-6 synthesis via suppression of phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D activation in osteoblasts, and that the inhibitory effect is exerted at the point between heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein and phospholipase D. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:252–259, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
19.
Prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis by trypsin-dispersed cat adrenocortical cells was studied by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Parallel assays of incubation media using PGF2α and PGF1α antisera established that PGF2α is the primary PGF released by feline cortical cells. Following the reduction of PGE to PGF with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) these same two antisera were also used to identify PGE2 as the primary PGE released. RIA using a PGE antiserum confirmed the presence of PGE in the incubation medium. Steroidogenic concentrations of ACTH (50–250μU) enhanced PGE and PGF release, and indomethacin suppressed the ACTH-facilitated release. These studies provide additional evidence for ACTH-induced PG synthesis by feline cortical cells, and support the hypothesis that PGs play some role in the steroidogenic action of ACTH. 相似文献
20.
《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology》1989,92(2):595-601
1. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using 9-anthryldiazomethane (ADAM) as a fluorescent reagent was employed to detemine the levels of endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) in the central nervous system, gonad, gill and hemolymph of the scallop, and the authors have also verified the involvement of PGs during spawning induced by u.v. ray-irradiated seawater.2. PGF2α, PGE2, PGD2, 6-keto-PGF1α. and TXB2 were identified in all tissue and hemolymph, while no PGD2 was found in the hemolymph by HPLC.3. PGF2α, PGE2 and PGD2 levels in the ovary were about four times as much as those in the testis during the spawning season.4. PGF2α, PGE2 and PGD2 levels in the ovary decreased during spawning, while, on the contrary, those in the testis increased during spawning. No changes of PGs levels were observed in the central nervous system.5. These results suggest the possibility that PGF2α and PGE2 are, especially, implicated in the spawning of the scallop; however, they also indicate that a difference between the functional mechanism of PGs in the ovary and that in the testis exists during spawning. 相似文献