一个肝癌相关长链非编码RNA的克隆及序列分析

最近我们利用新一代测序(next generation sequencing,NGS)技术对肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)患者活检标本及正常对照肝组织样品进行高通量RNA测序(RNA-sequencing,RNA-Seq),在肝癌样品中染色体11q13.1区域检测到几个相邻的RNA-Seq信号峰,而在正常对照组织中没有检测到,且该染色体区域目前尚无已知基因登录,提示这几个RNA-Seq峰可能代表一个或多个未知的新基因.以此为线索,证实这几个RNA-Seq峰来自同一个新基因,并克隆了该基因全长序列,在克隆该基因全长序列时,发现该基因编码的RNA存在多种剪接形式,最长的转录本为3 562 bp.将该基因编码的12条代表性RNA转录本序列递交到美国国立生物技术信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information,NCBI)的GenBank数据库中,GenBank ID号分别为KC136297~KC136308.该基因编码的RNA没有发现明显的开放阅读框(open reading fragment,ORF),提示该基因可能编码长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA).为了探讨该lncRNA基因可能的转录调控机制,我们用生物信息学方法预测了该lncRNA基因潜在启动子区域,发现在其转录起始位点上游-719~-469 bp处有一个潜在的启动子,其中包含7个Sp1、1个STAT5和1个EGR1转录因子结合位点.该lncRNA在肝细胞癌发生发展过程中的作用机制值得进一步深入研究.     

Structural and Functional Characterization of Human Chromosome 13q14 and Its Potential Tumor Suppressor Genes

Works on chromosome 13 mapping supported by the Russian program Human Genome are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on studies of region 13q14.3, which is often lost in some human tumors and potentially contains tumor suppressor genes (TSG). A strategy of TSG search is described. As the resolution of genome analysis improved, a minimal overlap of genetic loss in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) was established for chromosome 13. A map of expressed sequences was constructed for the region containing the overlap, and candidate TSG of chromosome 13q14 were identified. The candidate genes were analyzed both structurally and functionally, and their possible role in tumorigenesis was considered. Assuming haploinsufficiency as a genetic mechanism controlling B-CLL, a new strategy was proposed for mutation screening aimed at identifying potential TSG of region 13q14.     

乳腺癌易感基因突变的狭窄分布及其人群差异性

最近10多年来,包括最重要的BRCA1/2在内的多种女性乳腺癌发生发展相关易感基因获得鉴定,并依据其肿瘤风险相关性程度被分别归入高、中和低外显率组别.随后它们的遗传学变异及致病机制研究在世界范围内得以广泛深入地开展,并揭示出其胚系突变具有人群或地域差异性,且局限于仅占10%~20%家族遗传性和早发性乳腺癌的狭窄分布概貌.这些结果转而提示对于大量散发性乳腺癌发病分子机制的研究而言,必须更深入地探讨多重低风险易感多态性复合效应的影响.     

TcLr35小麦中病程相关蛋白1基因的克隆及分析

根据已发表的植物病程相关蛋白1基因设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术,从被小麦叶锈菌诱导的小麦抗叶锈病基因近等基因系材料TcLr35中获得一个病程相关蛋白1基因cDNA片段,长度为489bp,3′端包含21个poly(A),暂命名为PR12。利用5′RACE技术获得了818bp的PR12全长,该基因包含495bp的开放读码框,147bp的5′非翻译区(non translated region,NTR),155bp的3′非翻译区和21bp的多聚腺苷酸尾。编码164个通读的蛋白质氨基酸序列,基因产物具有植物防御体系中病程相关蛋白SCP保守结构域,与GenBank中多个植物病程相关蛋白1基因具有较高的同源性。Southern杂交显示,该基因在小麦基因组中为单拷贝。     

Effects of Luteolin on Human Breast Cancer Using Gene Expression Array: Inferring Novel Genes

Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) is often used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cancer; however, the downstream regulatory genes and signaling pathways mediating its effects on breast cancer remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the effects of luteolin, the main biologically active compound of T. officinale, on gene expression profiles in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The results revealed that luteolin effectively inhibited the proliferation and motility of the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The mRNA expression profiles were determined using gene expression array analysis and analyzed using a bioinformatics approach. A total of 41 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the luteolin-treated MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. A Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the DEGs, including AP2B1, APP, GPNMB and DLST, mainly functioned as oncogenes. The human protein atlas database also found that AP2B1, APP, GPNMB and DLST were highly expressed in breast cancer and that AP2B1 (cut-off value, 75%) was significantly associated with survival rate (p = 0.044). In addition, a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs were involved in T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection and differentiation. On the whole, the findings of the present study provide a scientific basis that may be used to evaluate the potential benefits of luteolin in human breast cancer. Further studies are required, however, to fully elucidate the role of the related molecular pathways.     

人同源框基因Lhx4 cDNA序列的获得,染色体定位和基因组分析

Lhx4基因是LIM同源框基因家族的一员 ,它在运动神经元的发育过程中发挥着重要的作用 .从人脊髓cDNA文库中筛选到了 1个人源性Lhx4基因的cDNA全长序列 ,它与鼠源性的Lhx4基因的cDNA序列有 92 %同源性 .它的基因被定位在 1号染色体 1q 2 4 .1- 1q 2 4 .3的位置 ,并包含有 6个外显子 .其中同源框结构域由外显子 4和 5表达 ,LIM结构域 1由外显子 2表达 ,LIM结构域2由外显子 3表达 .     

Human Artificial Chromosome with a Conditional Centromere for Gene Delivery and Gene Expression

Human artificial chromosomes (HACs), which carry a fully functional centromere and are maintained as a single-copy episome, are not associated with random mutagenesis and offer greater control over expression of ectopic genes on the HAC. Recently, we generated a HAC with a conditional centromere, which includes the tetracycline operator (tet-O) sequence embedded in the alphoid DNA array. This conditional centromere can be inactivated, loss of the alphoid^tet-O (tet-O HAC) by expression of tet-repressor fusion proteins. In this report, we describe adaptation of the tet-O HAC vector for gene delivery and gene expression in human cells. A loxP cassette was inserted into the tet-O HAC by homologous recombination in chicken DT40 cells following a microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT). The tet-O HAC with the loxP cassette was then transferred into Chinese hamster ovary cells, and EGFP transgene was efficiently and accurately incorporated into the tet-O HAC vector. The EGFP transgene was stably expressed in human cells after transfer via MMCT. Because the transgenes inserted on the tet-O HAC can be eliminated from cells by HAC loss due to centromere inactivation, this HAC vector system provides important novel features and has potential applications for gene expression studies and gene therapy.     

沉默Bmi-1基因表达对MCF-7细胞阿霉素敏感性的影响

目的研究Bmi-1对MCF-7细胞阿霉素敏感性的影响及机制。方法阿霉素处理MCF-7／Bmilsi、MCF-7／GFPsi和MCF一7细胞株,M1Tr法检测阿霉素的IC50;DAPI检测阿霉素处理后细胞的凋亡,计算凋亡指数（apoptosisindex,AI）;Western印迹检测相关蛋白P53,phospho—Akt（Ser473）（pAkt）,totle—Akt（tAkt）,Bcl-2,Bax的表达。结果阿霉素处理72h的MCF-7／Bmi．1si组生长抑制率明显高于MCF-7和MCF-7／GFPsi组,MCF-7／Bmilsi组的IC50为（0．15±0．02）μg／ml,而MCF-7组和MCF-7／GFPsi组的IC50分别为（0．87±0．06）μg/ml和（0．81±0．02）μg/ml（P〈0．05）。阿霉素处理48h后用DAPI检测凋亡发现,MCF-7／Bmi．lsi＋doxorubiein组可见大量凋亡细胞,而MCF-7＋doxorubicin和MCF-7／GFPsi＋doxo—rubicin组出现较少的凋亡细胞,MCF-7／Bmi-1si＋doxorubicin组凋亡指数明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。进一步研究发现：MCF-7／Bmi．1si＋doxorubicin组与MCF-7＋doxorubiein及MCF-7／GFPsi＋doxorubiein组相比,P53表达量增加,tAkt表达未发生改变,而pAkt的表达明显减少,另外,Bcl-2表达量减少而Bax表达量增加,差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论沉默Bmi—l基因表达能增加MCF-7细胞对阿霉素的敏感性,增加阿霉素引起的凋亡。     

一个大鼠心肌缺血-再灌诱导表达上调的新基因Mip1的克隆和特性分析

采用生物信息学方法和5′cDNA末端快速扩增法(RACE)技术相结合,克隆了一个大鼠心肌缺血-再灌诱导表达上调的新基因Mip1,并经RT-PCR测序及多组织膜RNA印迹证实.生物信息学分析显示,MIP-1定位于大鼠染色体1q12区,含5个外显子和4个内含子,开放阅读框(ORF)为1 827 bp,编码608个氨基酸,其编码蛋白N端含KRAB结构域,C端含14个连续的C2H2型锌指蛋白结构域,氨基酸第277位至293位为双向的核定位信号,多组织膜RNA印迹显示该基因在脑组织表达最高,其次是心脏,在其他组织表达较低或无表达.进一步深入研究该基因的功能具有重要生物学意义.     

Relation of glutathione S-transferase T1, M1 and P1 genotypes and breast cancer risk

The aim of this study was to investigate associations between genetic variability in specific Glutathione S-transferases (GST) genes (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) and susceptibility to breast cancer. Genotypes of blood specimen DNA were determined for 65 women with incident cases of breast cancer and 108 control subjects. Associations between specific genotypes and the development of breast cancer were examined by the use of logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Neither GSTT1 nor GSTM1 homozygous null genotype was associated with a significant increased risk of developing breast cancer. The presence of valine alleles compared to isoleucine alleles in codon 105 in GSTP1 did not increase the risk of breast cancer development. The risk of breast cancer associated with a combined GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype was 3.37 (95% CI = 0.76-2.95, p = 0.115). The only significant association between increased risk of breast cancer development and GSTs polymorphisms was found when GSTT1 null, GSTM1 null and the presence of valine in GSTP1 in codon 105 were combined (p < 0.048, OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.01-13.90). Our findings suggest that combined genetic variability in members of the GST gene family may be associated with an increased susceptibility to breast cancer.     

PES1基因小干扰RNA慢病毒载体的构建及其对乳腺癌ZR75-30细胞的生长抑制

目的:构建PES1基因的慢病毒干扰载体,研究其对乳腺癌细胞ZR75-30生长的影响。方法:设计针对PES1基因的siRNA引物,克隆到pSIH1-H1-Puro载体,包装成慢病毒,测定病毒的滴度,感染人乳腺癌细胞ZR75-30,通过Real-time PCR和Western印迹检测干扰效果,并通过生长曲线研究敲低PES1对ZR75-30细胞生长的影响。结果和结论:构建了具有明显干扰效果的PES1基因的siRNA慢病毒载体,能够有效抑制ZR75-30细胞内源的PES1 mRNA和蛋白水平,敲低PES1能够抑制ZR75-30细胞的生长。     

Expression and Properties of Bacteriophage T4 Gene Product 11

A plasmid vector for expression of bacteriophage T4 gene product 11 (gp11) in E. coli cells has been constructed. Gp11 is a baseplate protein that connects short tail fibers providing irreversible adsorption of the virus on a cell. A method based on chromatography on hydroxyapatite has been developed for purification of recombinant gp11. The protein is active in an in vitro complementation assay and transforms defective phage particles lacking gp11 into infective ones. Gel filtration data suggest that the biologically active protein is a trimer. According to CD spectroscopy and sequence analysis data, the polypeptide chain of gp11 contains not less than 20% -helical segments, about 30% -structure, and belongs to the class of / structural proteins.     

受强力霉素调节的自杀基因表达载体系统的构建和在乳腺癌细胞株(MCF-7)的表达

自杀基因治疗是恶性肿瘤基因治疗中最常用的途径之一,以递转录病毒载体-pRevTRE为基础进行载体构建,首先使用PCR技术对单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因（HSVtk)进行扩增,将HSVtk基因插入到pRe-vTRE,形成重组载体pRevTRE/HSVtk,用磷酸钙共沉淀法,经过两轮转染,分别将pRevTRE/HSVtk和pRevTet-On质粒导入乳腺癌细胞株（MCF-7）经过潮霉素B（HygromycinB)和G418筛选,建立了一株稳定的受四环素衍生物-强力霉素（Doxycycline,Dox)调控,表达HSVtk基因产物的人乳腺癌细胞株MCF/TRE/tk/Tet-On,HSVtk基因表达产物可以将无毒性的药物前体Ganciclovir(GCV)转变成一种有毒的代谢产物,从而杀死乳腺癌细胞株（MCF-7）,达到基因治疗的目的。     

人类人工染色体构建及其作为基因治疗载体的价值

人类人工染色体(HAC)作为基因治疗载体将解决基因治疗存在的一些关键问题。本文探讨了在不完全了解着丝粒、复制起始点、端粒等人类染色体基本功能单位的情况下构建HAC的三种策略。利用染色体基本功能单位在细胞内构建成功的第一代HAC,解决了HAC构建的一些难题,同时也带来了某些新的问题。HAC作为基因治疗载体具有很多优势,但第一代HAC离它作为基因治疗载体还相距很远。为此,作者正在进行解决这些问题的尝试。