2002—2009年国内外医学信息学论文研究热点分析

医学信息学是近年来快速崛起的一个新兴学科,由于国内医学信息学研究论文较分散,收集数据困难较大,对国内该领域研究现状进行计量分析的较少。根据国内外的实际情况,选择了较有代表性的医学信息学相关论文,利用软件进行共现分析和内容分析,揭示国内外医学信息学研究的现状、关注热点,进而分析了国内外医学信息学研究的异同。通过对比分析,得出国外医学信息学研究比国内医学信息学研究更有深度,更关注细节问题的解决和决策支持。     

国外公众健康信息学发展研究

通过分析国外公众健康信息学研究的年代分布特点、核心期刊、重要作者和研究热点,探索国外公众健康信息学研究的历史、现状和发展趋势,为国内公众健康信息学领域的研究与实践提供理论参考。利用TDA、Excel等工具,从时间、期刊和作者分布三方面对SCIE数据库收录的公众健康信息学领域的研究文献进行时空维度分析,再进行关键词和高频被引文献分析。从发文量来看国外公众健康信息学研究的发展比较平缓,核心期刊包括医学互联网研究杂志与国际医学信息学杂志,重要作者有Eysenbach Gunther、Keselman Alla等。1994~2013年公众健康信息学研究热点包括基本问题、卫生系统和个人健康记录、健康传播和患者教育以及医学信息学相关学科。高频被引文献内容涵盖公众健康信息学科,公众健康信息系统,电子病历和个人健康记录,互联网对公众健康行为的影响等几个方面。     

流感疫情中的医学信息学

在应对当前甲型流感暴发的疾病控制过程中,医学信息学发挥着不可替代的重要作用．本文结合多种信息学数据库来源的最新资料,在介绍甲型流感病毒的生物学知识和生物信息学分析手段的同时,对本次甲型流感病毒的来源、进化、传播和预防等一系列重要问题,结合信息学分析的结果做了深入的分析和探讨．并且突出介绍和评论了医学信息学在疾病控制中的前景和潜力,希望能有助于多种相关学科的生物医学研究人员．     

我国著名医学病毒学和生物制品学专家——朱既明

朱既明,男,江苏宜兴人。曾任中国医学科学院、中国预防医学科学院病毒所所长、名誉所长,中国科学院院士,英国皇家内科学院院士,美国微生物学会荣誉会员,第三届全国人大代表和五、六、七届全国政协委员。他是我国著名的医学病毒学和生物制品学家,在医学病毒学和生物制品学研究中取得了卓越成就,对促进我国病毒学研究和病毒病防治做出了巨大贡献。     

医学院校培养本科生科研创新能力的认识与思考

科研能力是科学素质的核心,是运用已有的知识和科学方法去探索新的知识和方法,解决新的问题,并在这个过程中形成创新思维的能力。科学技术的创新是医学事业发展的阶梯,科技引领着医学探究生命的本质,通过对各种疾病的根源、机制、发生、后果进行研究,找到预防和治疗疾病的最佳途径,为人类解除疾病带来的痛苦。医学科技创新使医学得到快速发展的同时,为社会培养了高水平、高素质的医学人才。然而,我国的高等教育体制普遍注重教育方法的革新,而忽视学生综合素质和创新能力的培养。特别是医学高等院校,本科生的教育教学工作没有重视与科研相结合。随着高等教育体制改革的不断深入与现代科学技术的迅速发展,本科生的科研创新能力亟待进一步提高。本科生科研能力的培养已经成为当前高等教育改革的一个重要目标。本文针对医学院校本科生培养创新能力的重要性和必要性进行探讨,为医学教育的发展提供参考的资料。     

医院科研管理与创新对转化医学实施的推动作用

转化医学是近年来国际医学界推崇的一个重要医学理念,正日益成为生命科学和医学研究关注的热点。转化医学已不仅强 调临床医学与基础医学的结合,而且涉及多个学科之间的融会贯通。因此,医院科研管理的支持和重视程度转化医学实施的主要 动力,而科研项目的创新性、可行性是决定转化医学研究立项的关键。我院自2010 年成立转化医学研究中心以来,已将多项成果 成功转化并应用于临床实践,为生命科学研究领域中人类健康计划的发展提供了借鉴。本文结合我院实际,分析科研管理对转化 医学成果实施的促进作用,为医疗机构的科研管理人员提供参考。     

Animal Models and Experimental Medicine被PubMed Central收录

Animal Models and Experimental Medicine (简称AMEM,《动物模型与实验医学(英文)》)主管单位是中国科学技术协会,由中国实验动物学会、中国医学科学院医学实验动物研究所共同主办,与国际著名出版集团Wiley合作出版。AMEM获"中国科技期刊国际影响力提升计划"D类项目支持,于2018年3月创刊,季刊,主编为中国实验动物学会理事长、中国医学科学院医学实验动物研究所所长秦川教授。     

构建医患和谐：大型医院图书馆的医学信息服务的“三个面向”

针对临床医疗引发的医患矛盾,从医学信息服务角度提出了以面向医院管理层、临床医务人员和患者的医学信息服务来化解矛盾,阐述了大型医院图书馆以医学信息服务为纽带,构建医患和谐的工作要点。     

我国灾难医学科研管理中科学问题的思考和建议

针对灾难医学的研究特点,结合国内外有关灾难医学救治的研究资料,梳理灾难医学的主要研究方向,同时通过总结分析现有灾难医学科研管理的策略、具体做法及其问题,提出适合我国现状的灾难医学科研管理的建议。     

近年来我国医学免疫学科研动态浅析

目前免疫学已发展为很多分支学科,如免疫生物学、免疫遗传学、肿瘤免疫学、生殖免疫学、抗感染免疫等等。诸多的免疫学分支学科,在我国医学不同领域内,不同程度地开展了一些研究。为了使研究成果得以广泛传播,为了便于科技工作者间的学术交流,与免疫学各专科相关的一些科技期刊也应运而生。现在全国公开发行的涉及免疫学内容的期刊有十多种,如《中华微生物学和免疫学杂志》、《中国免疫学杂志》、《微生物学免疫学进展》、《免疫学杂志》、《单克隆抗体通讯》、《上海免疫学杂志》、《中国实验与临床免疫学杂志》、《中国生物制品学杂志》、《中华医学检验杂志》等以及各医科大学的学报。每年发表相关专业的论文在５００篇左右,基本囊括了国内免疫学方面的研究内容。反映了我国免疫学的研究动态与成果。     

Motivated research

While Europe is locked in the debate about basic versus applied research, Louis Pasteur solved the problem more than 100 years ago. Antoine Danchin comments on Pasteur''s notion of ‘motivated research'' and how it leads both to new discoveries and to new applications.Three years ago, a senior politician attended his country''s Annual Congress for the Advancement of Science to give the introductory lecture. He asked the attending scientists to make science and research more attractive to young students and the general public, and asked his countrymen to support scientists to address the urgent challenges of global climate change, energy needs and dwindling water resources. It was neither a European nor a US politician, but the Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh who made this speech about the relationship between research and its practical applications. This is such an important topic that one might think it deserves appropriate attention in Europe, yet we fail to address it properly. Instead, we just discuss how science should serve society or contribute to the ‘knowledge-based economy'', or how ‘basic'' or ‘fundamental'' research is opposed to ‘applied'' or ‘industrial'' research and how funding for ‘big science'' comes at the expense of ‘little academic'' research.This dichotomy between the research to generate knowledge and the application of that knowledge to benefit humankind seems to be a recent development. In fact, more than 100 years ago Louis Pasteur avoided this debate altogether: one of his major, yet forgotten, contributions to science was the insight that research and its applications are not opposed, but orthogonal to each other (Stokes, 1997). If Niels Bohr ‘invented'' basic academic research—which was nevertheless the basis for many technological inventions and industrial applications—Pasteur developed what we might call ‘motivated'' research.How is research motivated and by what? By definition, scientists are citizens and members of the general public and, like the public, they are motivated by two forces: on the one hand, in Rudyard Kipling''s words, “man''s insatiable curiosity”; on the other hand, a desire for maintaining and improving their well-being. These are not contradictory to one another; curiosity nourishes dreams of a brighter future and leads to discoveries that contribute to well-being.Pasteur understood that it is essential to take account of society''s demands and desires; that science must be motivated by what people want. Still, there are severe misgivings about the nature of research. These stem from the mistaken but popular assumption that the scientists'' main task is to find solutions to current problems or to fulfil our desires. Problems and desires, however, are not enough, because finding solutions also requires creativity and discovery, which, by their very nature, are unpredictable. Often we do not even know what we need or desire and it is only through curiosity and more knowledge that we find new ways to improve our well-being. Motivation by itself is, therefore, not enough to lead to discovery. Motivation simply helps us choose between many different goals and an infinite number of paths to gain novel knowledge. Subsequently, each path, once chosen, must be explored using the scientific method, which is the only way to new discoveries.Motivation helps us to ask relevant questions. For example, why do wine and beer go sour without any apparent reason? Pasteur set out to design experiments that showed that fermentation is caused by microorganisms. A few years later, silkworms were suddenly dying of a terrible disease in the silk factories of southern France. The French government called on Pasteur for help, who eventually found that a parasite had infected silkworm eggs and proposed solutions to eradicate the disease. The original question therefore led to germ theory and bacteriology, helped to develop solutions to infectious diseases, and eventually created the whole field of microbiology.Motivation leads to conceptual and experimental research, which generates discoveries and new technologies. Discoveries, in turn, are the basic resource for the creation of general knowledge and the development of new products, services and other goods that fulfil public demands and generate jobs. The study of the ‘diseases'' of beer and wine also led to the development of fermentation processes that are still in use today. The same motivation that drove Pasteur in the nineteenth century now enables us to tackle current problems, such as pollution, by studying microbial communities that make compost or thrive in garbage dumps. Motivated research therefore reconciles our curiosity with the creation of knowledge and enables us to address pressing needs for humanity.Because it is strongly inspired by—even rooted in—society''s demands and desires, motivated research also raises accompanying ethical, legal, social and safety issues that should be compelling for all research. As mentioned above, scientists are members of the public who share the same concerns and demands as their fellow citizens and therefore participate with a general, public intelligence that, too often, is absent from academic research. This absence of ‘common sense'' or societal expectations generates the misunderstandings concerning research in biology and the development of biotechnology. These misconceptions—whether about the purported risks of genetically modified organisms or the exaggerated expectations for cancer therapies—can create real suffering in society and inefficient allocation of limited resources. It is therefore advisable for researchers to listen more to the public at large in order to find the motivation for their work.     

Survey research

SUMMARY: Survey research is a unique methodology that can provide insight into individuals' perspectives and experiences and can be collected on a large population-based sample. Specifically, in plastic surgery, survey research can provide patients and providers with accurate and reproducible information to assist with medical decision-making. When using survey methods in research, researchers should develop a conceptual model that explains the relationships of the independent and dependent variables. The items of the survey are of primary importance. Collected data are only useful if they accurately measure the concepts of interest. In addition, administration of the survey must follow basic principles to ensure an adequate response rate and representation of the intended target sample. In this article, the authors review some general concepts important for successful survey research and discuss the many advantages this methodology has for obtaining limitless amounts of valuable information.